Punta di Zambrone I

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Metal Artefacts ◽  
Mediterranean History ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Second Millennium Bce ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
The Bronze Age

This monograph presents a significant portion of the scientific results of the archaeological excavations at the Bronze Age settlement site of Punta di Zambrone on the Tyrrhenian coast of Calabria (southern Italy). These excavations were conducted from 2011 to 2013 in an Italian-Austrian cooperation. The book is the first in a series dedicated to the final publication of those excavations and focuses on the later part of the settlement history (13th–12th cent. BCE). Major topics include the topography of the site (including a harbour bay), its chronology, investigations into the economic basis of the Bronze Age society and its local, regional and interregional interactions. The new data from Punta di Zambrone are evaluated in comparison with new research results from coeval sites in Italy and Greece, which forms the basis for a historical contextualization of the settlement and thus contributes to the broader reconstruction of Mediterranean history at the end of the second millennium BCE. These coeval sites are presented by their excavators or investigators. The authors conducted geophysical and bathymetric surveys as well as underwater archaeological investigations, typological analyses of artefacts, a definition of the relative and absolute chronology, archaeobotanic and archaeozoological studies, aDNA analysis, Sr isotope analyses on human and animal teeth, chemical and Pb isotope analyses on metal artefacts, provenance analyses of pottery vessels, amber and stone artefacts (from Zambrone and other sites).

Ancient Harbors in the Mediterranean

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Peter Oleson ◽  
Robert L. Hohlfelder
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Relief Sculpture ◽  
Mediterranean History ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Bronze Age

This article describes the evolution of harbors in the ancient world that can be linked to changing social needs and technological developments. Hundreds of harbor sites of varying sizes and designs can be documented around the Mediterranean dating back thousands of years. Relief sculpture and a few shipwrecks provide ample evidence for the intensity of trade by sea in the eastern Mediterranean during the Bronze Age, but the rise in the relative sea level in the eastern Mediterranean since the Bronze Age has obscured or destroyed many of the early harbor sites. Natural anchorages were used throughout the period of Mediterranean history for meeting maritime needs of coastal communities. Hundreds of potential targets await serious archaeological investigation and pose new research questions, which will be answered with further technological developments.

The seasonal cycle of grassland use in the Caspian Sea steppe during the Bronze Age: A new approach to an old problem

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Shishlina
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bc ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Seasonal Data

This article is devoted to the understanding of the importance of seasonal use of grasslands in the occupation of the Eurasian steppe during the Bronze Age. The pilot section of the research is Kalmykia – a steppe situated between the lower Volga and the Don rivers. We have to look at specific strategies of using local environments, river valleys, upland plateaux, and open steppe lands. During the third millennium BC, pastoralists of the Yamnaya and Catacomb cultures began to exploit the Eurasian steppe grasslands and they had to take advantage of the seasonal variation in steppe vegetation to create a sustainable economy. Seasonal use of grasslands became the main feature of the definition of pastoralism. This is the first time that early steppe materials have been analysed for seasonal data. On the basis of a combination of the seasonal data, settlement data and recent chronological information, a preliminary reconstruction is presented of two contrasting periods of land use for the third millennium BC.

scholarly journals Complex Pathways Towards Emergent Pastoral Settlements: New Research on the Bronze Age Xindian Culture of Northwest China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitzchak Jaffe ◽  
Anke Hein ◽  
Andrew Womack ◽  
Katherine Brunson ◽  
Jade d’Alpoim Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractThe Xindian culture of northwest China has been seen as a prototypical example of a transition toward pastoralism, resulting in part from environmental changes that started around 4000 years ago. To date, there has been little available residential data to document how and whether subsistence strategies and community organization in northwest China changed following or in association with documented environmental changes. The Tao River Archaeology Project is a collaborative effort aimed at gathering robust archaeological information to solidify our baseline understanding of economic, technological, and social practices in the third through early first millennia BC. Here we present data from two Xindian culture residential sites, and propose that rather than a total transition to nomadic pastoralism—as it is often reconstructed—the Xindian culture reflects a prolonged period of complex transition in cultural traditions and subsistence practices. In fact, communities maintained elements of earlier cultivation and animal-foddering systems, selectively incorporating new plants and animals into their repertoire. These locally-specific strategies were employed to negotiate ever-changing environmental and social conditions in the region of developing ‘proto-Silk Road’ interregional interactions.

The Ezero Mound in South-East Bulgaria

Antiquity ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 40 (157) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Georgiev ◽  
N. J. Merpert
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Bronze Age

Very little work has so far been done on the Bronze Age in South-East Bulgaria. This is an area which is of the greatest importance in the prehistory of South-Eastern Europe, a fact which has been often stressed by archaeologists working in the Eastern Mediterranean [I]. Geographically linked closely to Asia Minor and the Mediterranean lands, and especially to the Troad, South-East Bulgaria should provide important data for the establishment of relations between these lands in the Bronze Age. With these aims in mind the village settlement of Ezero, a site which even before excavation was obviously one of many periods, presented itself clearly as a place for excavation. Ezero, also known as Dipsis, is 3 km. south-east of Nova Zagora: it is not far from the well-known settlement site of Karanovo and 24 km. from the Azmak mound described in a recent number of this journal [2]. Preliminary excavations carried out from 1952-8 at Ezero showed that the settlement had a great thickness of occupation levels dating from the Early Bronze Age. Systematic excavation was restarted in 1961 and continued in 1963 and 1964.The site is bordered by swampy ground and large open water-meadows. The damp, easily worked soil was well suited to primitive agriculture, and the meadows to stock-rearing.

scholarly journals Revision of the materials from the Riigiküla I Stone Age settlement site (Estonia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-262
Author(s):  
Irina Yurievna Khrustaleva ◽  
Aivar Kriiska ◽  
Margarita Alekseevna Kholkina
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Eastern Baltic ◽  
Ams Dates

The Riigikla I settlement site in northeast Estonia, which was found and excavated at the beginning of 1950s, is an important source of information about the life and households of the Stone Age population in the Eastern Baltic and one of the few settlement sites in Estonia that includes the remains of dwellings. Besides two pit-houses, a few fireplaces, two entire human skeletons and the disarticulated bones of at least three more individuals, as well as a rich inventory comprised of pottery fragments, tools and waste from the production of quartz, bone, antler, flint, etc., were discovered here. At first, the site was interpreted as a single long-term dwelling site. Nevertheless, the discovery of new data at other sites in the region, as well as a partial re-analysis of the pottery and new AMS dates obtained from the human bones, indicated the necessity to revise all the materials. The preliminary results of this work are presented in our paper. It was established that at least four buildings correlated to Narva and Comb Ware cultures existed on the settlement site, indicating that, at least partially, they existed at different times. Find materials in the occupation layer are obviously mixed vertically because of the existence of multi-temporal settlement sites in this area, but they are also clearly correlated to objects horizontally. For a while, this place was apparently visited by the representatives of the Corded Ware culture (judging by the few fragments of pottery). And in the middle of the Bronze Age, people buried their dead here.

scholarly journals ПАМЯТИ УЧИТЕЛЯ. АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЦИРКУМБАЙКАЛЬЯ В ТРУДАХ И.И. ГОХМАНА

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Алексей Игнатьевич Бураев
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Asian Race ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Bronze Age

Статья посвящена памяти выдающегося советского и российского антрополога Ильи Иосифовича Гохмана. Констатирован широкий круг научных интересов исследователя. В сообщении рассмотрен региональный аспект деятельности ученого. Проанализированы работы И.И. Гохмана по антропологии населения Прибайкалья и Забайкалья. Ученый внес значительный вклад в изучение краниологии эпохи неолита, основываясь на материалах Фофановского могильника из Забайкалья. И.И. Гохман дал полную антропологическую характеристику и историческую интерпретацию краниологических данных по населению культуры плиточных могил бронзового века. Выделяются исследования им населения эпохи хунну, в которых была впервые зафиксирована европеоидная примесь у древнего населения Байкальской Сибири, впоследствии подтвержденная в совместной фундаментальной монографии В.П. Алексеева и И.И. Гохмана. В статье проанализированы работы И.И. Гохмана по антропологическим материалам средневековых могильников Улан-Бор и Усть-Талькин в Прибайкалье. Особое место занимает концепция И.И. Гохмана о формировании центральноазиатской расы в результате метисации байкальской расы с европеоидами. Отдельно упомянута выдающаяся работа И.И. Гохмана «Происхождение центральноазиатской расы в свете новых палеоантропологических материалов». В ней ученым были введены новые краниологические индексы, дан новаторский анализ материала, изложена новая теоретическая концепция. И.И. Гохман ввел в научный оборот новые уникальные краниологические материалы, предложил новые теоретические разработки, в корне изменившие представления об антропологических процессах на территории Прибайкалья и Забайкалья. Работы И.И. Гохмана вызвали плодотворную дискуссию среди специалистов и дали импульс новым исследованиям по антропологии Байкальской Сибири. The article is dedicated to the memory of the outstanding Soviet and Russian anthropologist Ilya Iosifovich Gokhman, who had a wide range of scientific interests. The study examines the regional aspect of his research and analyzes his works on anthropology of population of Baikal and Trans-Baikal regions. Gokhman made a significant contribution to the study of craniology of the Neolithic, based on the materials of the Fofanovo burial site from Trans-Baikal. He made a complete anthropological description and historical interpretation of craniological data on the population of the Bronze Age slab graves culture. His outstanding research on the population of the Hunnu era first revealed the Caucasoid admixture among the ancient population of Baikal Siberia, which was later confirmed in a joint fundamental monography by V.P. Alekseev and I.I. Gokhman. The article also analyzes the work of Gokhman on anthropological materials of the medieval burial sites Ulan-Bor and Ust-Talkin in the Baikal region. Another important finding of the scientist is the concept of formation of the Central Asian race as a result of metisation between the Baikal race and the Caucasians. His remarkable paper “The origin of the Central Asian race in the light of new paleoanthropological data” is separately mentioned. In it, Gokhman introduced new craniological indices, made a comprehensive analysis of the material and presented a new theoretical concept. He introduced new unique craniological materials, proposed new theoretical developments that fundamentally changed ideas about anthropological processes on the territory of Baikal and Trans-Baikal regions. The works of I.I. Gokhman provoked insightful debate among experts and gave impulse to new research on anthropology of Baikal Siberia.

THE QUESTION OF THE ORIGIN OF CELTS WITH ON THE SIDE EARS OF THE BOLSHELOZHSKY TYPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
KOVALEVSKY S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
New Research ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article is devoted to the consideration of the origin and dating of celts with on the side ears, which originate from the settlements of the Late Bronze Age and transition time from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Kazakh steppe and south of Western Siberia (some of which are accidental finds) and are identified by most experts to be antiquities of the Sargarinsko-Aleekseyevskaya, Begazy-Dandybayevskaya, Irmenskaya and Bolsherechenskaya cultures. Previously, such celts were dated to the beginning of the first millennium, BC. At present, there have been certain quantitative and qualitative changes. In particular, the fund of archaeological resources for the Late Bronze Age and transition time from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age had been significantly replenished, and new research concepts have appeared. This gave us the opportunity to compare the archaeological finds of the Late Bronze Age of remote regions, namely the Eastern Europe and the Kazakh steppe and south of Western Siberia. A significant similarity was revealed between the celts of the ancient cultures of the Eastern Europe and the region located east of the Urals. It is suggested that the celts with on the side ears are of Eastern Europe origin. Their appearance among the artifacts of archaeological cultures of Kazakhstan and Southern Siberia is dated to the 14th - 11/10th centuries BC. Keywords: late Bronze Age, transition time from Bronze to Iron, celts, south of Western Siberia, eastern Europe

scholarly journals Discovery of a tsunami deposit from the Bronze Age Santorini eruption at Malia (Crete): impact, chronology, extension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Lespez ◽  
Séverine Lescure ◽  
Ségolène Saulnier-Copard ◽  
Arthur Glais ◽  
Jean-François Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Tsunami Deposit ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Run Up ◽  
New Research ◽  
Erosional Event ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Geomorphological Survey

AbstractA geomorphological survey immediately west of the Minoan town of Malia (Crete) shows that a tsunami resulting from the Bronze Age Santorini eruption reached the outskirts of the Palatial center. Sediment cores testify a unique erosional event during the Late Minoan period, followed locally by a high energy sand unit comprising marine fauna. This confirms that a tsunami impacted northern Crete and caused an inundation up to 400 m inland at Malia. We obtained a radiocarbon range of 1744–1544 BCE for the secure pre-tsunami context and an interval 1509–1430 BCE for the post-event layer. Examination of tsunami deposits was used to constrain run-up not exceeding 8 m asl. The results open the field for new research on the Bronze Age Santorini tsunami regarding both impact and consequences for the Minoan civilization.

scholarly journals Settlement of the Bronze Age Lisovitsky Balka IV in Taman: general view and characterisation of the metal inventory

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Kiyashko A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
General View ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Chemical Examination ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The Bronze Age

This paper presents preliminary information on the results of the investigation of 2016 at the of the Bronze Age settlement-site of Lisovitsky Balka IV on the Taman Peninsula. A three-phase periodization of the site is proposed including the following stages: the Kamenskaya culture of the final Middle Bronze Age, early and the late Sa- batinovka culture of the Late Bronze Age. The last stage is marked by the utmost activity of the occupation of the site and indications of the presence of advanced agriculture here. The paper devotes a special attention to the morphological and chemical examination of the found artefacts. The obtained results indicate a Carpathian-Balkan origin of a number of the artefacts that correlates with other indications of the migration of bearers of the culture of the Late Bronze Age to Taman from the territory of the Crimean Peninsula and North-Western Black Sea region.

scholarly journals Exotic foods reveal contact between South Asia and the Near East during the second millennium BCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. e2014956117
Author(s):  
Ashley Scott ◽  
Robert C. Power ◽  
Victoria Altmann-Wendling ◽  
Michal Artzy ◽  
Mario A. S. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Second Millennium Bce ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Shed Light

Although the key role of long-distance trade in the transformation of cuisines worldwide has been well-documented since at least the Roman era, the prehistory of the Eurasian food trade is less visible. In order to shed light on the transformation of Eastern Mediterranean cuisines during the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age, we analyzed microremains and proteins preserved in the dental calculus of individuals who lived during the second millennium BCE in the Southern Levant. Our results provide clear evidence for the consumption of expected staple foods, such as cereals (Triticeae), sesame (Sesamum), and dates (Phoenix). We additionally report evidence for the consumption of soybean (Glycine), probable banana (Musa), and turmeric (Curcuma), which pushes back the earliest evidence of these foods in the Mediterranean by centuries (turmeric) or even millennia (soybean). We find that, from the early second millennium onwards, at least some people in the Eastern Mediterranean had access to food from distant locations, including South Asia, and such goods were likely consumed as oils, dried fruits, and spices. These insights force us to rethink the complexity and intensity of Indo-Mediterranean trade during the Bronze Age as well as the degree of globalization in early Eastern Mediterranean cuisine.

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