DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL FARMS IN EU 10 (CEECS) BETWEEN 2005–2010

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba FORGACS
Keyword(s):  
Small Farms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
East European ◽  
Size Standard ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Standard Output ◽  
Special Respect ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
Farm Manager

The paper deals with developments and possible future of small farms in EU with special respect to EU 10 (Central East European Countries, CEECs) analyzing the structure of small farms by economic and area size on one hand and, their Standard Output (SO) as well as labor use (Agricultural Working Unit, AWU) and the farm manager aspect on the other. The main conclusions of the paper underline that importance of small farms in rural development cannot be neglected by policy makers, although, trends of development indicate certain differences in concentration in economic size, area size, standard output (SO) and engaged labor between CEECs. It was pointed out that decline of number of farms and that of small farms especially has continued between 2005 and 2010 more in EU 10 than EU 27 and more in case of farms with less than 2 ha (UAA) in EU 10. Decline was much higher in case of small farms run by managers over 65. Labor use also went back in small farms more in EU 10 than EU 27 and more in case of farms with UAA below 2 ha. Standard Output grew faster in EU 10 than EU27, however concerning SO of small farms below 5 ha a higher declined was observed in EU 10 in compare with EU 27. Brief evaluation on effectiveness of CAP in 2006–2013 programming period and future policy towards small farms for 2014–2020 was also discussed.

Hong Kong and Shanghai: current and/or future international financial centres?

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
John Adams ◽  
Andrew YC Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Centre ◽  
Future Success ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
First Time

Purpose – This paper publishes summary results for the first time of a major survey of senior financial practitioners undertaken in Hong Kong and Shanghai in 2005, and compares these with the Global Financial Centre Index first created in 2007 to determine the extent to which both are consistent. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a detailed survey and utilizes principal-components analysis to determine the primary factors relevant to the development of both cities as international financial centres (IFCs) and those which the respondents consider will be relevant in the future. Findings – The paper demonstrates that the key “success factors” for both cities in 2005 remain very important in the global financial centres index (GFCI) analysis ten years later but not necessarily by the same ranking. We also found that a number of the “primary” factors change when respondents are asked to consider future success factors. Research limitations/implications – The survey was conducted ten years ago; however, the results continue to have significant reliability and validity - especially when compared with the results of the GFCI report of 2014. Practical implications – The paper should enable policy makers and practitioners to better understand the future policy environment needed for extending the financial centre status of both Hong Kong and Shanghai. Originality/value – This is the first time (some) of the survey findings that have ever been published, and they represent a rich source of information – however, the authors will be examining the survey data for future publications.

Does environmental quality reflect on national competitiveness? The evidence from EU-15

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Obradović ◽  
Nemanja Lojanica
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Two Parameters

The European Union has set the target that by 2020 harmful emissions and energy consumption should be reduced by 20% compared to the 1990s. This paper examines the impacts of environmental quality on two parameters of national competitiveness (exports and GDP per capita). The study focuses on the EU-15 countries and covers the period from 1960 to 2013. Even though the analyzed economies are developed countries which are the leaders in environment protection, they are still also the leading emitters of greenhouse gases. The paper uses traditional econometric techniques to test the relations between energy use, CO2 emissions, exports and GDP. The results show that the variables are co-integrated. In addition, energy-led growth hypothesis is valid in most of the analyzed economies. The results have also shown that increased CO2 emissions reduce economic activity and export performance. Finally, we will conclude that there are two tasks for future policy makers: first, to strengthen renewable-energy goals, and second, to adjust the economic structure towards less harmful emissions. In such circumstances, we could expect the economies to further develop clean technologies and to obtain their benefits for national competitiveness.

scholarly journals THE CHALLENGE OF SUPPORTING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES—SCOTTISH EXAMPLE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 037-042
Author(s):  
Joanna Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Supporting System ◽  
East European ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Business Support ◽  
Effective System

This article aims to explore the idea of the supporting system for creative industries, which plays a pivotal role in today’s economy. Creative businesses, which range from individual musicians to companies dealing with publications, demand special attention and tailor-made support services. Therefore, in this article, the analysis is carried out based on the information gained in an in-depth interview and the supporting system for creative industries, which have been functioning in Scotland and the main barriers in providing support services.As shown by the research, a problem exists regarding a proper classification of creative industries, which causes difficulties in measuring them. Moreover, lumping creative businesses with artists to the same group results in criticism from artist communities as they feel that art is no longer being supported, only invested. This piece of research is a part of a research project, which aims at comparing the systems for supporting creative industries in Szczecin and in Glasgow. The empirical approach will be enriched by the theoretical discourse on policies shaping the environment of creative industries. This article, therefore, provides important knowledge concerning building effective system for supporting creative industries, both for scholars and practitioners (managers of business support organizations and policy makers). This knowledge and experience are especially needed in central and east European countries, where the awareness about creative industries is very low.

Composite Indicators of a Knowledge Society

2017 ◽  
pp. 72-97
Author(s):  
Norsiah Abdul Hamid ◽  
Mohd Sobhi Ishak ◽  
Norhafezah Yusof ◽  
Halimah Badioze Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Composite Indicators ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Future Policy

The concept of Knowledge Society (KS) began due to recognition of the importance of knowledge and information in the development of a society. This chapter proposes a holistic view of knowledge society based on the development of composite indicators in nine different dimensions. The objective of the study is to propose a multi-dimensional approach comprising human capital, ICT, spirituality, economy, social, institutional and sustainability as determinants towards achieving a KS. These dimensions are discussed in-depth by the experts in semi-structured interviews and also validated by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The semi-structured interview data are presented in a verbatim manner so as to provide readers with in-depth feedback from the experts, while the EFA and CFA results of composite indicators are presented in graphics. Thus, this chapter contributes to the understanding of composite indicators of a knowledge society which can then be used by policy makers for future policy-making decision.

scholarly journals Philosophical Education toward Democratization and Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Felix Okechukwu Ugwuozor
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Civic Society ◽  
Philosophical Education ◽  
Educational Framework ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

<p class="apa">This paper examines Nigeria's democratization dilemmas and the imperatives of an educational framework against the backdrop of the Boko Haram insurgency. It identifies and connects the pattern, character and dynamics of the existing educational system. It also discusses the system’s failure in calling for a new approach to overcome the prevailing dearth of civic order and the increasing spread of dissent groups. This new method is about acculturating Nigerian youth into a more civic culture, a Nigeria where citizens can live side by side with each other in peace.” While examining both theoretical and practical characteristics of this new educational agenda, the paper especially examines the link between philosophical education and the development of a civic culture, trusting that such a connection suggests an approach to education that may assist future policy makers, educators, and teachers. Specific theoretical analysis of pedagogical and philosophical education contained here can further the current understanding of how philosophical education is likely to facilitate the development of the values, beliefs, and attitudes that generally underpin the operations of a civic society, developments desperately needed to address the problem of Boko Haram and the increasing spread of dissent groups in Nigeria.</p>

scholarly journals Ambulatory care-sensitive emergency department cases: a mixed methods approach to systemize and analyze cases in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1024-1030
Author(s):  
Wiebke Schuettig ◽  
Leonie Sundmacher
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Physician Density ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Sensitive Conditions

Abstract Background Internationally, emergency departments (ED) are treating increasing numbers of patients with conditions that could have been managed appropriately in ambulatory care (AC) settings. The aim of our study was to develop the first consensus-based list of AC-sensitive conditions commonly seen in German EDs and explore predictors of these visits. Methods Our study used a Delphi survey of 30 physicians to compile a list of conditions they agreed were amenable to AC treatment. The group identified reasons why patients visit EDs instead of AC. We used the results to inform spatial regression models analysing the association of patient characteristics and attributes of AC with AC-sensitive ED visits based on 2015 district-level data. Results Our study provides a list of AC-sensitive conditions based on the German ED context. Results suggest that, up to the age of 70 years, the older the patients, the less likely they seek EDs for these conditions. Results of our regression analyses suggest that AC-sensitive ED rates were significantly higher in districts with lower physician density. Patients’ urgency perception and preferences were identified as main drivers of AC-sensitive ED visits. Conclusion Future policy measures should aim to help guide patients through the healthcare system so that they receive the best care in place that is most appropriate in terms of quality, safety and continuity of care. A list of AC-sensitive ED conditions can be used as a monitoring instrument and for further analyses of routine data to inform policy makers seeking to improve resource use and allocation.

scholarly journals Does Institutional Embeddedness Promote Regional Enterprises’ Migration? An Empirical Analysis Based on the “Double Transfer” Strategy in Guangdong, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2908
Author(s):  
Rongjun Long ◽  
Wei Lang ◽  
Xun Li
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Institutional Embeddedness ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Urban And Regional Development ◽  
The Impact

Against the background of globalization, institutional embeddedness has become an important theoretical tool to understand the changes in regional economic patterns. This paper starts by discussing the theory of location choice of enterprises and then uses the statistical method of negative binomial regression to analyze the impact factors of enterprises’ transfer from the perspective of institutional embeddedness by taking Guangdong Province, China, as a case study area. It was found that informal institutional factors such as the same language, the same industry, and geographical proximity have significant positive effects on the transfer of regional enterprises. Formal institutions such as counterpart assistance are the core driving force of enterprise transfer, while traditional economic factors such as cost comparative advantage have no significant impact on the transfer of regional enterprises. This research shows that the transfer of regional enterprises is greatly influenced by the current regional institutional environment. Therefore, it is important for future policy makers to consider the regional institutional environment and to deepen regional institutional embeddedness to advance urban and regional development.

scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Size of Farms on their Material and Energy Expenditure

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Kamil Depo ◽  
Fabienne Rabier ◽  
Bruno Huyghebaert ◽  
Agnieszka Szparaga ◽  
Sławomir Kocira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Material Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
Material Expenditure

AbstractThe study assesses the impact of the economic size of farms on the efficiency of their material and energy expenditure, based on 679 farms from the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The analysis was made for the years 2013-2015 and the farms were divided into six economic size classes. 5 indexes for the efficiency of material, energy and material-energy expenditures were calculated for all farms. The aim of the work was to select a group of farms with the highest efficiency of energy and material expenditure. It was found that economically small farms managed this expenditure most effectively, as evidenced by the highest values of 4 out of 5 analyzed indexes. Very small and medium-small farms demonstrated the highest efficiency of material expenditure. In contrast, energy expenditure was most efficiently used by medium-small farms. The farms that were the largest economically were characterized by the highest efficiency index of material and energy expenditure, calculated as the ratio of total production to the expenditure.

scholarly journals Washington Shellfish Aquaculture: Assessment of the Current Regulatory Frameworks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raye Evrard
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
County Level ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Shellfish Aquaculture ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Conference Attendance ◽  
Future Policy

The Washington shellfish aquaculture regulatory framework is a complex instrument with numerous permits and high agency involvement. Shellfish business owners, industry officials and policy-makers look to simplify the overall process by reducing paperwork and permit redundancies. In the past, the Washington aquaculture sector held a close relationship with the Washington Department of Agriculture, and policy- makers are again assessing a closer future relationship, aiding in regulatory efficiency. The purpose of this study is to locate sources of inefficiency within the shellfish aquaculture regulatory framework and supply new ideas for future policy-making based on an aquaculture regulatory framework proposed by Takoukam and Erikstein (2013). There are four main objectives to this study. The first is to identify barriers within the regulatory framework from the federal scale to the county level restricting the Washington shellfish industry. Through scientific and governmental literature reviews, and information from conference attendance, these barriers are identified. The second objective is to showcase current programs addressing regulatory barriers in aquaculture. Current programs are the Shellfish Interagency Permitting Team, the Pacific Aquaculture Caucus, and the Pacific Coast Shellfish Growers Association. The third objective is to compare the regulatory framework for aquaculture based on the Washington agriculture framework. I used the Washington agriculture program as a template to assess how aquaculture can meet the regulatory goals set forth by Takoukam and Erikstein (2013). The Florida Aquaculture program, which is a combined Aquaculture-Agriculture regulatory department, is used to illustrate a closer relationship between the two divisions. The final objective is to assess the future of Washington aquaculture based on information provided through the first three objectives. Preliminary recommendations for the Washington regulatory framework are to shift regulatory work to county level officials, limit the number of government agencies involved, reduce review periods, and increase regulatory transparency on county and state levels.

Russian missiles increase Baltic region risks

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
East European ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Baltic

Significance The deployment of Russia's latest tactical missile in Kaliningrad adds to the destabilising risks in a region encompassing the Baltic states, Poland and Belarus. The Polish defence ministry has asked the United States to deploy an armoured division there on a permanent basis. Impacts The July 11-12 NATO summit may offer clearer direction on East European strategy if members can reach agreement. Nordic states will shape their defence policies with a view to Russia's Baltic build-up. Moscow's view of whether reinforcing Kaliningrad is sufficient will dictate future policy towards Belarus.

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