Ti(C,N) and WC-Based Cermets: A Review of Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Additive Manufacturing

In recent years, the use of cermets has shown significant growth in the industry due to their interesting features that combine properties of metals and ceramics, and there are different possible types of cermets, depending on their composition. This review focuses on cemented tungsten carbides (WC), and tungsten carbonitrides (WCN)), and it is intended to analyze the relationship between chemical composition and processing techniques of these materials, which results in their particular microstructural and mechanical properties. Moreover, the use of cermets as a printing material in additive manufacturing or 3D printing processes has recently emerged as one of the scenarios with the greatest projection, considering that they manufacture parts with greater versatility, lower manufacturing costs, lower raw material expenditure and with advanced designs. Therefore, this review compiled and analyzed scientific papers devoted to the synthesis, properties and uses of cermets of TiC and WC in additive manufacturing processes reported thus far.

The Effect of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Indonesia

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of economic growth classified as personnel expenditure, material expenditure, capital expenditure, interest payments, subsidies and social expenditure in Indonesia. The data in this study are time series data from 2005 to 2019. The hypothesis test uses the multiple linear regression method with SPSS 26. The results of testing government expenditure variables during the period 2005 to 2019 shows that components of central government expenditure include personnel, material, capital, interest payments, subsidies and social expenditure have a significant effect simultaneously on economic growth. There is a significant positive effect on the relationship between the variable personnel expenditure and material expenditure on economic growth. There is a significant negative effect on the relationship between the variable capital expenditure on economic growth. The other three variables, which include debt interest payments, subsidies and social expenditure, do not have a significant effect on economic growth.

Municipal waste collection flow planning issues

In Hungary, municipal waste collection plays a key role in the waste management sector. The common interest of the sector is to increase the efficiency of waste collection and minimize costs. It is also important in terms of material expenditure and environmental impact that this collection system works as efficiently as possible. In the presented work we tried to illustrate the currently operating system, the division of the Waste Management Regions, and the linking of the settlements and landfills. In addition, we examined the design of one other theoretical collection system that appears to be more efficient than the existing one and to present the influencing factors which have an effect the practical implementation of the theoretical model, their incorporation into specific flight plans.

The Influence of Sparse Filling of FDM-Printed Samples on Mechanical Properties of Polyphenylene Sulfone and a Carbon-Filled Composite Based on it

FDM-printing technology is widely used in many fields including highly responsible industries such as aerospace, oil and gas and automotive manufacturing. Polyphenylene sulfone and its composites are one of the most common used high-performance polymers in those fields but polyphenylene sulfone is expensive and the lower material would be used for production the more applications could be able to enroot polyphenylene sulfone to their industries. Additive manufacturing opens new boundaries comparing to traditional technologies allowing to use the grid filling of parts which can help to reduce the material expenditure. In this research the influence of grid filling to mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone and its carbon-filled composite samples obtained using FDM-printing technology was studied. The article includes results about the effect of various grid sizes and its type on the mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone and its carbon-filled composite samples, and It shows the possibility of significant material savings while maintaining the required product properties.

The Impact of Economic Size of Farms on their Material and Energy Expenditure

The study assesses the impact of the economic size of farms on the efficiency of their material and energy expenditure, based on 679 farms from the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The analysis was made for the years 2013-2015 and the farms were divided into six economic size classes. 5 indexes for the efficiency of material, energy and material-energy expenditures were calculated for all farms. The aim of the work was to select a group of farms with the highest efficiency of energy and material expenditure. It was found that economically small farms managed this expenditure most effectively, as evidenced by the highest values of 4 out of 5 analyzed indexes. Very small and medium-small farms demonstrated the highest efficiency of material expenditure. In contrast, energy expenditure was most efficiently used by medium-small farms. The farms that were the largest economically were characterized by the highest efficiency index of material and energy expenditure, calculated as the ratio of total production to the expenditure.

Pembinaan Pengelolaan Keuangan PEMBINAAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI PADA INDUSTRI SNACK DAN COOKIES BATAM

The problems currently faced are financial reports compiled in each period not yet accounting standard, lack of knowledge and understanding of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in the preparation of financial reports to produce financial and information technology information, increased production produced by MSMEs and often neglect not recording financial problems related to material expenditure, production process to marketing, so that prices are formed based on estimates only. In fact, most of the chips and processed cake pasters still don't hold financial records properly. The method used in fostering the Snack And Cookies Industry in Batam City will be given, namely the survey method, lecture method, discussion method and training method. The results of the UKM service felt that there was still a need to adjust to the preparation of financial statements with the financial accounting standards of entities without public accountability, to practice daily input of financial data with Ms. Excel in improving the financial performance of SMEs running smoothly.

Avaliação de resto-ingesta em unidade de alimentação e nutrição

RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar o índice de sobras e resto-ingesta do almoço da Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição do Grupo de Apoio a Pacientes Oncológicos. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo em que foram analisadas as refeições de 2664 comensais. Utilizou-se, para a análise dos dados, a tabulação para a organização das informações, e todos os cálculos foram realizados conforme fórmulas. Resultados: verificaram-se um índice de sobras de 24,4% e um índice de restos de 6,75 em pacientes e 8,29, em acompanhantes/colaboradores, sendo que o índice de sobras está acima do recomendado pela literatura em que este estudo se apoiou, demonstrando uma perda considerável de alimentos. Conclusão: avalia-se que os resultados deste trabalho demonstram que o índice de RI se encontra no índice aceitável, conforme a literatura, porém, a quantidade de alimentos desprezados pela UAN e a despesa com matéria-prima ainda são excessivas, ocorrendo o desperdício de alimentos e um gasto desnecessário que poderia ser revertido em outros benefícios para pacientes com câncer. Descritores: Resto-Ingesta; Índice de Sobras; Aceitação e Desperdício; Planejamento; Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição; Oncologia.ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the leftovers and rest-of-ingestion intake index of the Food and Nutrition Unit of the Oncology Patients Support Group. Method: this is a quantitative study in which the meals of 2664 diners were analyzed. For the analysis of the data, the tabulation was used to organize the information, and all calculations were performed according to formulas. Results: there was a surplus index of 24.4% and a rest index of 6.75 in patients and 8.29 in companions / collaborators, with the remainder index being above that recommended by the literature in which this study was supported, demonstrating a considerable loss of food. Conclusion: it is evaluated that the results of this work demonstrate that the IR index is in the acceptable index, according to the literature, however, the amount of food scorned by the FNU and the raw material expenditure are still excessive, with the waste of food and an unnecessary expense that could be reversed in other benefits for cancer patients. Descriptors: Rest-intake; food scraps; Acceptance and Waste; Planning; Food and Nutrition Unit; Oncology.RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el índice de sobras y resto-ingesta del almuerzo de la Unidad de Alimentación y Nutrición del Grupo de Apoyo a Pacientes Oncológicos. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo en el que se analizaron las comidas de 2664 comensales. Se utilizó, para el análisis de los datos, la tabulación para la organización de las informaciones, y todos los cálculos se realizaron según las fórmulas. Resultados: se verificó un índice de sobras de 24,4% y un índice de restos de 6,75 en pacientes y 8,29, en acompañantes / colaboradores, siendo que el índice de sobras está por encima del recomendado por la literatura en que éste estudio se apoyó, demostrando una pérdida considerable de alimentos. Conclusión: se evalúa que los resultados de este trabajo demuestran que el índice de RI se encuentra en el índice aceptable, conforme a la literatura, sin embargo, la cantidad de alimentos despreciados por la UAN y el gasto con materia prima todavía son excesivos, ocurriendo el desperdicio de alimentos y un gasto innecesario que podría revertir en otros beneficios para los pacientes con cáncer. Descriptores: Resto de la ìngestión; Índice de Sobras; Aceptación Y Despercicio; Planificación; Unidad de Alimentación y Nutrición; Oncología.

“The Pulp of Color”: Toward a Notion of Expenditure in Ferreira Gullar's Neo-concrete Writings

Most scholarship on Neo-concretism tends either to ignore Ferreira Gullar's early poetry or simply reiterate the poet's own account of his book A Luta Corporal (1954) as concerned solely with the implosion of language. However, Gullar's book also engages with a sustained existential meditation on temporality and finitude through images of material expenditure, with pears and apples recurring throughout its pages as self-consuming entities that dramatize the inexorability of time. Fruit would later become a metaphor for the effect of color in the Neoconcrete production of painter Aluisio Carvão, with Gullar suggesting that the “resistance of the object” is overcome in his works by the way our vision is made to linger on “the pulp of color.” Can it be that expenditure returns within Neoconcrete theory in the guise of fruit? If so, then the movement's generally undisputed association with a redemptive phenomenology will have to be reviewed in order to accommodate a far more anxiety-ridden conceptual facet.