ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF MEASURES PERFORMED TO INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN VASIL KARAGIOZOV HIGH SCHOOL OF YAMBOL, BULGARIA

The report analyzes the results of the implemented measures to improve energy efficiency in Vasil Karagiozov High school of Yambol, Bulgaria. Energy savings are determined by measuring and/or calculating energy consumption with previously adopted baseline levels, implementing a measure or program to improve energy efficiency by providing normalized corrections corresponding to the impact of specific climatic conditions on energy use. A reference heating energy consumption of 38.62 kWh/m2 was determined after the renovation of the building. Comparing the reference energy costs for heating before and after the implementation of the energy saving measures show a real decrease of the energy consumption for heating by 53.44%. Compared to the reference energy consumption for heating before and after the energy saving measures show an actual reduction of energy consumption for heating by 47.86%.

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The impact of building envelope retrofit measures on postwar MURBS in Toronto

10.32920/ryerson.14649852.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Damyar

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Energy Simulation ◽

Reduce Energy Consumption ◽

The Impact ◽

Current Standards

Building envelope retrofits is one of the options available to reduce energy consumption of postwar MURBs in Toronto. This study evaluates the impact of building envelope retrofits that meet current standards on energy consumption of a Toronto postwar MURB; utilizing eQUEST energy simulation software. Further upgrades also take place to evaluate how the impact of building envelope retrofits on energy use can be increased and optimized for all assemblies of building envelope and airtightness. Moreover, the retrofit strategies are ranked based on cost and energy-saving effectiveness. The results of the analysis reveal that building envelope retrofit based on OBC-2012 standards can reduce the energy consumption by up to 44%. Furthermore, the optimal RSI values of all building envelope components were found to be equal or less than code requirements which outcomes significant energy savings. Lastly, the ranking of the strategies helps to identify the best option according to the priorities of a project.

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The impact of building envelope retrofit measures on postwar MURBS in Toronto

10.32920/ryerson.14649852 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Damyar

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Simulation Software ◽

Energy Simulation ◽

Reduce Energy Consumption ◽

The Impact ◽

Current Standards

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THE OBSTACLES TO ENERGY SAVING IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN NIGERIA: STAKEHOLDERS’ PERSPECTIVES

10.31705/wcs.2021.46 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A.T. Ibrahim ◽

◽

N.G. Fernando ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Sustainable Energy ◽

Behavioural Change ◽

Consumption Behaviour ◽

The Impact

Over the past three decades research on energy use in buildings has become significant due to increasing scientific and political pressure on issues concerning global warming and climate change. As part of the impact by climate change, tropical nations are faced with several challenges in achieving energy savings, particularly the energy consumption behaviour of building occupants, with very little research coming from Africa. Previous research has shown that variations due to occupant behaviour is substantial. To address these challenges in line with the objectives of some of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (namely, clean and sustainable energy, as well as climate action) in residential buildings, this paper explores the perceptions of stakeholders by identifying the barriers which affect energy use from different cultural perspectives. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured telephone interviews with experts in the energy and construction fields in Nigeria. The purpose of the interviews was to provide an insight into residential energy consumption behaviour and the barriers faced in the adoption of sustainable energy sources. The results were analysed using an energy cultural framework. An analysis of the results shows that continuous awareness of energy saving behavioural change, government subsidies for renewable energy, government checks, and the standardization of energy-efficient appliances imported into the country can improve people’s trust regarding sustainable choices and can promote efficient energy use. The outcome from this work is expected to give a better understanding of energy use behaviour and inform future energy policies and interventions related to household energy saving.

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People or Systems: Does Productivity Enhancement Matter More than Energy Management in LEED Certified Buildings?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132413863 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 13863

Author(s):

Yana Akhtyrska ◽

Franz Fuerst

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Management ◽

Energy Use ◽

Management Practices ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Occupant Comfort ◽

Energy Use Intensity ◽

Using Data ◽

Advanced Metering ◽

The Impact

This study examines the impact of energy management and productivity-enhancing measures, implemented as part of LEED Existing Buildings Operations and Management (EBOM) certification, on source energy use intensity and rental premiums of office spaces using data on four major US markets. Energy management practices, comprised of commissioning and advanced metering, may reduce energy usage. Conversely, improving air quality and occupant comfort in an effort to increase worker productivity may in turn lead to higher overall energy consumption. The willingness to pay for these features in rental office buildings is hypothesised to depend not only on the extent to which productivity gains enhance the profits of a commercial tenant but also on the lease arrangements for passing any energy savings to the tenant. We apply a difference-in-differences method at a LEED EBOM certification group level and a multi-level modelling approach with a panel data structure. The results indicate that energy management and indoor environment practices have the expected effect on energy consumption as described above. However, the magnitude of the achieved rental premiums appears to be independent of the lease type.

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Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of the Installation of Heat-Cost Allocators in Multifamily Buildings in Croatia

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12030507 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 507 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sunčana Slijepčević ◽

Davor Mikulić ◽

Kristijan Horvat

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Heat Energy ◽

Energy Prices ◽

Present Value ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Before And After ◽

The Cost

In order to improve energy efficiency, the Croatian government introduced an individual metering obligation for all district heat network users. The purpose of the research was to evaluate this policy measure regarding its effects on tenants’ behavior and energy savings, but also from the perspective of cost-effectiveness. The sample includes approximately 20% of all Croatian users of district heat energy. Energy savings related to the installation of heat cost allocators are calculated by comparing the specific heat energy consumption, corrected for the number of heating degree days, in periods before and after the installation of the heat cost allocators. The cost-effectiveness assessment is based on the concept of the net present value. The transition to individual metering in Croatia resulted in significant energy savings averaged from 20 to 35%. However, low heat energy prices in cities with a dominant share of heat energy consumption did not ensure a positive net present value of investment for all buildings.

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Design and Application of Cellular Concrete on a Mexican Residential Building and Its Influence on Energy Savings in Hot Climates: Projections to 2050

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10228225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (22) ◽

pp. 8225

Author(s):

Ana C. Borbon-Almada ◽

Jorge Lucero-Alvarez ◽

Norma A. Rodriguez-Muñoz ◽

Manuel Ramirez-Celaya ◽

Samuel Castro-Brockman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Design Stage ◽

Second Phase ◽

Dynamic Simulations ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

The Impact ◽

Cellular Concrete

The thermal performance of economical housing located in hot climates remains a pending subject, especially in emerging economies. A cellular concrete mixture was designed, considering its thermophysical properties, to apply the new material into building envelopes. The proposed materials have low density and thermal conductivity to be used as a nonstructural lightweight construction element. From the design stage, a series of wall systems based on cellular concrete was proposed. Whereas in the second phase, the materials were analyzed to obtain the potential energy savings using dynamic simulations. It is foreseen that the energy consumption in buildings located in these climates will continue to increase critically due to the temperature increase associated with climate change. The temperatures predicted mean vote (PMV), electric energy consumption, and CO2 emissions were calculated for three IPCC scenarios. These results will help to identify the impact of climate change on the energy use of the houses built under these weather conditions. The results show that if the conventional concrete blocks continue to be used, the air conditioning energy requirements will increase to 49% for 2030 and 61% by 2050. The proposed cellular concrete could reduce energy consumption between 15% and 28%, and these saving rates would remain in the future. The results indicate that it is necessary to drive the adoption of lightweight materials, so the impact of energy use on climate change can be reduced.

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The Strategy of Implementing Energy Efficiency Standards and Labels for Domestic Air Conditioners in Libya

Solar Energy and Sustainable Development ◽

10.51646/jsesd.v8i1.28 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Salah M Alabani ◽

Ibrahim H Tawil

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Total Energy Consumption ◽

Air Conditioners ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Reduce Energy Consumption ◽

Two Stages ◽

Energy Efficiency Standards

The residential sector in Libya has grown over the past decade in the construction of residential buildings due to the increase in the population. Moreover, the increase in the level of income has contributed to the increase in the purchase of household appliances, which leads to increased demand for energy. Energy consumption in the household sector accounted for 31% of total energy consumption during 2010, and the share of air conditioners in this sector consumed 18.35%. To reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency in this sector, policies should be considered to apply energy efficiency standards and markers to household electrical appliances, as they are considered one of the most successful programs used in the world. Countries are implementing such programs to reduce energy consumption in the domestic sector. This paper presents the possibility of implementing such programs to introduce the importance of energy efficiency standards and labeling programs for home appliances in Libya. The calculations required to design such programs show the energy savings that can be achieved during cooling loads in the summer period of 4 months July, August, September). A strategic plan has been developed during 10-year (2020-2030) to estimate the expected savings of energy consumed and to identify possible obstacles and difficulties by gradually increasing the energy efficiency ratio for comestic air conditioners in two stages, from EER10 to EER11 in the first stage is then raised to EER12 as the second stage.

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The Impact of Individual Behavior on Household Energy Saving

Journal of Economic Impact ◽

10.52223/jei3012105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

Gulshan Maqbool ◽

Zulqarnain Haider

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Saving ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Use ◽

Household Head ◽

Least Square ◽

Primary Data ◽

Saving Behavior ◽

The Impact

Energy-saving behaviors are defined as the daily and habitual practices of households that focus on specific reductions in energy use. The main objective of this research was to estimate the impact of the energy-saving behavior of individuals on energy demand and to estimate the impact of factors affections the adoption of energy-saving techniques. The study is based on primary data which is collected through questionnaires. The data were collected from rural and urban households in four tehsils of district Sargodha, Pakistan. The Ordinary Least Square technique was to describe the relationship between electricity consumption and different explanatory variables such as gender, age, region, family members, dwelling area, income, energy consumption awareness, external influencing factors, and household saving behavior. Job status is negative and significant, qualification variable in this study is insignificant, marital status is negatively associated with energy consumption and significant, size of a household has a significant effect on the model. The monthly income of the household head has a positive and significant effect. Energy consumption awareness is significantly negative. External influencing factors are insignificant. Saving behavior in electronic appliances is significantly negative to energy consumption. Government should put efforts to aware the public about energy-saving measures through an awareness campaign using electronic media like mobile and email. Energy-saving appliances should be a sale at cheap prices. The household should have to change its habitual behavior.

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Long-Term Assessment Methodology of Building Stock Thermal Energy Consumption

10.7250/9789934226205 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Aleksejs Prozuments

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Building Code ◽

Space Heating ◽

Industrial Building ◽

Building Stock

Energy efficiency in the building stock is a substantial contributor to infrastructure sustainability. In Latvia, buildings’ thermal energy use for space heating accounts for 80 % of total building energy use in the cold season. Therefore, reducing thermal energy consumption for space heating needs through the implementation of energy efficiency measures, enforcement of local building codes and regulations can ultimately lead to cost savings for building owners and stakeholders. The present PhD Thesis introduces a methodology for evaluation of thermal energy saving potential in the long run across residential, public, and industrial building stock under various thermal energy consumption compliance scenarios. These scenarios were developed based on three different building code protocols with a 10-year forecast analysis. Evaluation of the proposed building code implementation practices and their feasibility in Latvian building stock is discussed for these buildings with regards to their long-term thermal energy savings potential.

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A comparative meta-analysis of residential green building policies and their impact on overall energy consumption patterns

10.47890/jadct/2020/njabbour/10123453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Naim Jabbour

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Building ◽

Green Building ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Residential Energy ◽

Residential Energy Consumption ◽

The Eu

Data shows residential energy consumption constituting a significant portion of the overall energy end use in the European Union (EU), ranging between 15% and 30%. Furthermore, the EU’s dependency on foreign fossil fuel-based energy imports has been steadily increasing since 1993, constituting approximately 60% of its primary energy. This paper provides an analytical re-view of diverse residential building/energy policies in targeted EU countries, to shed insight on the impact of such policies and measures on energy use and efficiency trends. Accordingly, the adoption of robust residential green and energy efficient building policies in the EU has increased in the past decade. Moreover, data from EU energy efficiency and consumption databases attributes 44% of total energy savings since 2000 to energy upgrades and improvements within the residential sector. Consequently, many EU countries and organizations are continuously evaluating residential building energy consumption patterns to increase the sec-tor’s overall energy performance. To that end, energy efficiency gains in EU households were measured at 1% in 2000 compared to 27.8% in 2016, a 2600% increase. Accordingly, 36 policies have been implemented successfully since 1991 across the EU targeting improvements in residential energy efficiency and reductions in energy use. Moreover, the adoption of National Energy Efficiency Actions Plans (NEEACP) across the EU have been a major driver of energy savings and energy efficiency. Most energy efficiency plans have followed a holistic multi-dimensional approach targeting the following areas, legislative actions, financial incentives, fiscal tax exemptions, and public education and awareness programs and campaigns. These measures and policy instruments have cumulatively generated significant energy savings and measurable improvements in energy performance across the EU since their inception. As a result, EU residential energy consumption trends show a consistent decrease over the past decade. The purpose of this analysis is to explore, examine, and compare the various green building and energy-related policies in the EU, highlighting some of the more robust and progressive aspects of such policies. The paper will also analyze the multiple policies and guidelines across targeted European nations. Lastly, the study will assess the status of green residential building policies in Lebanon, drawing from the comprehensive European measures, in order to recommend a comprehensive set of guidelines to advance energy policies and building practices in the country. Keywords: Building Policies; Residential Energy Patterns; Residential Energy Consumption; Energy Savings

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