scholarly journals The rise in youth employment? Impact evaluation of COVID-19 consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-526
Author(s):  
Lucia Svabova ◽  
Barbora Gabrikova
Keyword(s):  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Employment Impact ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Unemployed Youth ◽  
Counterfactual Approach

The COVID-19 pandemic has significant consequences in many areas and has largely contributed to rising unemployment in almost all countries. The situation is similar in Slovakia, where various degrees of shut-down measures have caused an inflow of newly unemployed people in all age groups. This article focuses on unemployed youth as a vulnerable and disadvantaged group of the working population, as starting a career during a pandemic is complicated or even impossible in some industries under these conditions. In this study, the real situation in Slovakia in 2020-2021 is compared with the development of the job market before the pandemic. The main contribution of the study is the quantification of the extent of the pandemic impact on unemployed youth, but also on other age groups; this evaluation can be considered very accurate given the counterfactual approach used. The results of this study can be used in practice to identify the most affected groups of the population and to implement policy measures aimed at mitigating the effects of the pandemic, and then to adjust the intensity and amount of allocated funds that will be needed to be spent to support the placement of young people into the labor market.

Planning to reach for a rotating rod

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes von Hofsten ◽  
Katarina Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Reach To Grasp ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. Hand adjustments of 6- and 10-month-old infants and adults were studied as they reach to grasp a rotating rod. It was found that the subjects in all three age groups adjusted the hand prospectively to the rotating rod during the approach of it. They also adjusted the reaches to the rotating rod in such a way that almost all of the grasps were overhand ones as predicted by the endpoint comfort hypothesis. Finally, it was found that the rotation of the hand was made up of movement units as translational movements are, and that the approach units were relatively independent of the rotational ones.

scholarly journals Health status and regularity of preventive activities among working population in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Georgieva ◽  
M Kamburova ◽  
P Stefanova ◽  
D Tsanova
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Working People ◽  
Population Potential ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract Background Prevention is an important instrument for public health improvement and maintaining workability of active age people. National Health Insurance Fund of Bulgaria (NHIF) finances an annual regular check-up for people over 18 years of age. In addition, working people have access to preventive activities at their workplace. The aim of the study is to explore an actual regularity of preventive activities at active population in Bulgaria. Materials and Methods Data were collected by documents review and direct individual self-administered questionnaire, within a larger research project on health of active population in Bulgaria. It includes 326 employees in a study representing different branches, companies and professions. The questionnaire consists of questions about: a) distribution of risk factors, b) knowledge and attitude to prevention as a tool for better health c) types and regularity of preventive activities. Data processing was performed by SPSS v.24. Results Three of four respondents have been diagnosed with chronic disease, 49.4% of them suffer from more than one disease. One third of observed people take more than one medicine. Despite NHIF offers free of charge and obligatory annual check-ups, only 46% of study subjects have undergone a preventive examination within the last year, 49.7% - between 2 and 5 years and 4.3% have done so more than 5 years ago or never, which decrease the effectiveness of preventive measures. Visiting regular check-ups is significantly lower for younger age groups (below 44 years; p < 0.05). Relatively large part of people measured blood pressure (88.5%), blood glucose (67%) and blood cholesterol (51.5%) during the last year in relation to any symptoms, but not within the regular check-up. Conclusions Study results confirm the current tendency for low coverage of annual check-ups of working population in Bulgaria. Potential of preventive activities is not rationally used because recommended regularity is not observed. Key messages Phenomena as polymorbidity and polypragmasia are widely distributed in Bulgarian active population. Potential of preventive activities is not fully used because recommended regularity is not observed. Despite Bulgarian NHIF finances obligatory annual check-up for people aged over 18 years, most people become subjects of medical examination in case of disease symptoms, rather than regular check-ups.

scholarly journals Pilonidal sinus disease on the rise: a one-third incidence increase in inpatients in 13 years with substantial regional variation in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Oetzmann von Sochaczewski ◽  
Jan Gödeke
Keyword(s):  
Pilonidal Sinus ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pilonidal Sinus Disease ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Purpose Collective evidence from single-centre studies suggests an increasing incidence of pilonidal sinus disease in the last decades, but population-based data is scarce. Methods We analysed administrative case–based principal diagnoses of pilonidal sinus disease and its surgical therapy between 2005 and 2017 in inpatients. Changes were addressed via linear regression. Results The mean rate of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease per 100,000 men increased from 43 in 2005 to 56 in 2017. In females, the mean rate of inpatient episodes per 100,000 women rose from 14 in 2005 to 18 in 2017. In the whole population, for every case per 100,000 females, there were 3.1 cases per 100,000 males, but the numbers were highly variable between the age groups. There was considerable regional variation within Germany. Rates of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease were increasing in almost all age groups and both sexes by almost a third. Surgery was dominated by excision of pilonidal sinus without reconstructive procedures, such as flaps, whose share was around 13% of all procedures, despite recommendations of the national guidelines to prefer flap procedures. Conclusion Rates of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease in Germany rose across almost all age groups and both sexes with relevant regional variation. The underlying causative factors are unknown. Thus, patient-centred research is necessary to explore them. This should also take cases into account that are solely treated office-based in order to obtain a full-spectrum view of pilonidal sinus disease incidence rates.

scholarly journals A Study of Varicella Seroprevalence in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population in Florence (Italy). Natural Infection and Vaccination-Acquired Immunization

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Beatrice Zanella ◽  
Angela Bechini ◽  
Benedetta Bonito ◽  
Marco Del Riccio ◽  
Alessandra Ninci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Disease Notification ◽  
Test Elisa ◽  
Vaccine Schedule ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Dose Vaccine

Background: Varicella is a well-known infectious disease that can have severe complications, also in young children. The Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) program was introduced in Tuscany (Italy) in 2003, with a two-dose vaccine schedule given to children between their 13th and 15th month, and at 5–6 years old, as a monovalent for varicella (V) or tetravalent (measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV)) formulation. Although varicella notifications have dramatically fallen in the last two decades, varicella disease underreporting remains a challenge. Methods: A qualitative immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) was used to measure the presence of anti-varicella antibodies in 165 sera of subjects aged 1–18 years residing in the province of Florence (Italy). Information regarding the anamnestic and vaccination status (including disease notification) was also collected. Results: Our study showed an overall varicella seropositivity of 75.8% (reaching the maximum at 96.3% in the 15–18 years age group). We found that varicella disease notification had been recorded for only 7/165 subjects; however, since 42/165 recalled having had the disease, we can hypothesize that some of them must have been underreported. Furthermore, our study showed that the presence of antibodies after the varicella vaccination remained over time, lasting up to 12 years. Conclusions: Although varicella seroprevalence is <95% in almost all our age groups (except for the 15–18 years age group), our data are encouraging and reflect the success of the introduction of the UVV program and the vaccination campaigns promoted in the Tuscany region.

scholarly journals Results From Sweden’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (s2) ◽  
pp. S284-S290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Delisle Nyström ◽  
Christel Larsson ◽  
Bettina Ehrenblad ◽  
Hanna Eneroth ◽  
Ulf Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Report Card ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Almost All

Background:The 2016 Swedish Report Card on Physical Activity (PA) for Children and Youth is a unique compilation of the existing physical and health related data in Sweden. The aim of this article is to summarize the procedure and results from the report card.Methods:Nationally representative surveys and individual studies published between 2005–2015 were included. Eleven PA and health indicators were graded using the Active Healthy Kids Canada grading system. Grades were assigned based on the percentage of children/youth meeting a defined benchmark (A: 81% to 100%, B: 61% to 80%, C: 41% to 60%, D: 21% to 40%, F: 0% to 20%, or incomplete (INC).Results:The assigned grades were Overall Physical Activity, D; Organized Sport Participation, B+; Active Play, INC; Active Transportation, C+; Sedentary Behaviors, C; Family and Peers, INC; School, C+; Community and the Built Environment, B; Government Strategies and Investments, B; Diet, C-; and Obesity, D.Conclusions:The included data provides some support that overall PA is too low and sedentary behavior is too high for almost all age groups in Sweden, even with the many national policies as well as an environment that is favorable to the promotion of PA.

scholarly journals MORBIDITY WITH TEMPORARY LOSS OF WORK CAPACITY IN WORKING POPULATION: FEDERAL AND REGIONAL INDICES AND TRENDS OVER 2005 - 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1054-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Lebedeva-Nesevrya ◽  
V. G. Kostarev ◽  
N. V. Nikiforova ◽  
M. Yu. Tsinker
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
High Incidence Rate ◽  
Regional Product

The article presents data on morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity (MTLWC) among working population in the whole of the Russian Federation and federal districts throughout the period from 2005 to 2014. According to official statistics, common number of losses of working days is shown to decline with a rate of about 1.1-1.3% per year mainly due to a reduction in the number of cases of diseases. The Urals and Privolzhsky Federal Districts are characterized by highest rates both of the incidence rate and the number of days of MTLWC. For the example, the Perm Krai (Privolzhsky Federal District) as a region with a typical MTLWC structure was shown to represent greatest losses of working days in the age groups of 25-29 and 50-54 years of workers of both genders. The consistent high incidence rate of injuries, poisoning and other effects of external influences in working men under the age of 24 years is of particular concern. The situation testifies the need to create targeted programs to prevent diseases in young workers, who in subsequent years will form the bulk of the country’s productive forces. At the regional level MTLWC is established to account for an annual loss of about 1.3-1.5% of the gross regional product. The adoption of effective managerial decisions to reduce MTLWC is shown to allow solve not only medical and demographic, but also economic problems in certain regions and the country as a whole.

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Perspective of Role of Policy and Legislation in Achieving Medicines’ Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Obi Peter Adigwe
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

Background: The role of the pharmaceutical industry in a country such as Nigeria in the provision of safe, high quality and efficacious pharmaceutical products to meet the healthcare need of the populace, cannot be over-emphasized. This study was undertaken to critically look at the issues affecting Medicines’ Security in Nigeria. Methods: A self-completion questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was administered to participants of an Industry event in September 2017. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science. Results: A total number of 800 questionnaires were administered to the participants and 529 of the questionnaires were included for analysis. Male participants (58.6%) were more than female participants, all age groups were well represented and more than a third of the respondents had first degree as their minimum qualification. Majority of the respondents (91.3%) indicated that Ministry of Health and its agencies were key to protecting the pharmaceutical sector, while slightly less of that proportion (79.1%) indicated that they patronized Nigeria pharmaceutical products. Almost all the participants (91.7%) supported the need for the local pharmaceutical industry to have access to sustainable funding and other incentives. A similar proportion (89.6%) of the respondents indicated that the local pharmaceutical industry should be prioritized in policy making and implementation. A significant proportion of the study participants (82.3%) indicated that access to medicines in Nigeria is a security issue. Conclusion: To ensure Medicines’ Security and attain medicines self-sufficiency in Nigeria, radical policies must therefore be put in place, together with enabling good business and industrial environment by the government in order to protect, promote and grow the local pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria.

Playing Position: Anthropometric and Fitness Demands in Youth Soccer

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Aristotelis Gioldasis ◽  
Evangelos Bekris ◽  
Ioannis Gissis
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Individualized Training ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the anthropometric and fitness characteristics of soccer players with different positional role. Although, players’ skills are not equally distributed in each position, at elite soccer they have to perform each skill at a sufficient level. However, coaches expertise those from an early age in specific positions without giving them an holistic individualized training. In the study participated 312 Greek players aged 6 to 17 (M= 11.89; SD= 2.33) of 5 age groups (group U7-U8; group U9-U10; group U11-U12; group U13-U14; group U15-U16; group U17). Anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index and body fat) and fitness characteristics (flexibility, vertical jump, running speed, agility and VO2max) of participants were measured. The study showed that goalkeepers and central defenders tend to perform worse than players of the other positional groups in most of their fitness characteristics for almost all the age groups. Furthermore, many tendencies were observed in anthropometric and fitness characteristics between players with different positional roles. This study provides suggestions to coaches regarding their practice of positioning players according to their anthropometric and fitness characteristics for a short term success.

scholarly journals Respiratory health, occupation and the healthy worker effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
A Senthilselvan ◽  
W V L Coonghe ◽  
J Beach
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Primary Industry ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Healthy Worker Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Respiratory Outcomes

Abstract Background Workers are exposed to physical, chemical and other hazards in the workplace, which may impact their respiratory health. Aims To examine the healthy worker effect in the Canadian working population and to identify the association between occupation and respiratory health. Methods Data from four cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey were utilized. The current occupation of employed participants was classified into 10 broad categories based on National Occupation Category 2011 codes. Data relating to 15 400 subjects were analysed. Results A significantly lower proportion of those in current employment than those not in current employment reported respiratory symptoms or diseases or had airway obstruction. Similarly, those currently employed reported better general health and had greater mean values for percent-predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75%) and FEV1/FVC ratio. Among males, females and older age groups, significant differences were observed for almost all the respiratory outcomes for those in current employment. Those in ‘Occupations unique to primary industry’ had a significantly greater likelihood of regular cough with sputum and ever asthma and had lower mean values of percent-predicted FEV1/FVC and FEF25–75% than those in ‘Management occupations’. Those in ‘Health occupations’ had the highest proportion of current asthma. Conclusions Participants in current employment were healthier than those not in current employment providing further support for the healthy worker effect. Those in ‘Occupations unique to primary industry’ had an increased risk of adverse respiratory outcomes and reducing workplace exposures in these occupations has the potential to improve their respiratory health.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Survival in Lithuania: Changes by Histology, Age, and Sex From 2003-2007 to 2008-2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327481983608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaida Gedvilaitė ◽  
Edvardas Danila ◽  
Saulius Cicėnas ◽  
Giedrė Smailytė
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Advanced Lung Cancer ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Disease Stages

Lung cancer is the most common cancer-related death worldwide. The aim of this study is to describe the most recent survival rates by sex, age group, extent of disease, and histology of lung cancer in Lithuania. The study is based on the Lithuanian Cancer Registry database. The analysis included patients with primary invasive lung cancer diagnosed in 1998 to 2012 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision C33 and C34). Patients were followed up with respect to vital status until December 31, 2012. Five-year relative survival estimates were calculated using period analysis. Relative survival was calculated as the ratio of the observed survival of patients with cancer and the expected survival of the underlying general population. In our study, the overall 5-year relative survival was low but increased slightly (10.7%) from 2003–2007 to 2008–2012. Positive changes in survival were evident in both sexes, in almost all age groups and for all histological groups and disease stages. Adenocarcinoma relative survival increased from 6.7% in 2003–2007 to 12.8% in 2008–2012 and squamous cell carcinoma increased from 7.4% in 2003–2007 to 11.1% in 2008–2012. Patients with small-cell carcinoma had the worst survival (2.9% in 2003-2007 and 3.6% in 2008–2012). The majority of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed with advanced disease. The number of new cases of advanced lung cancer increased from 35.1% to 37.8%. Despite low overall survival, there were positive changes in survival in both sexes, in almost all age groups, and for all histological groups and disease stages. The survival rate of patients with lung cancer in Lithuania is similar to that in other European countries.

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