scholarly journals A Study of Varicella Seroprevalence in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population in Florence (Italy). Natural Infection and Vaccination-Acquired Immunization

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Beatrice Zanella ◽  
Angela Bechini ◽  
Benedetta Bonito ◽  
Marco Del Riccio ◽  
Alessandra Ninci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Disease Notification ◽  
Test Elisa ◽  
Vaccine Schedule ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Dose Vaccine

Background: Varicella is a well-known infectious disease that can have severe complications, also in young children. The Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) program was introduced in Tuscany (Italy) in 2003, with a two-dose vaccine schedule given to children between their 13th and 15th month, and at 5–6 years old, as a monovalent for varicella (V) or tetravalent (measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV)) formulation. Although varicella notifications have dramatically fallen in the last two decades, varicella disease underreporting remains a challenge. Methods: A qualitative immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) was used to measure the presence of anti-varicella antibodies in 165 sera of subjects aged 1–18 years residing in the province of Florence (Italy). Information regarding the anamnestic and vaccination status (including disease notification) was also collected. Results: Our study showed an overall varicella seropositivity of 75.8% (reaching the maximum at 96.3% in the 15–18 years age group). We found that varicella disease notification had been recorded for only 7/165 subjects; however, since 42/165 recalled having had the disease, we can hypothesize that some of them must have been underreported. Furthermore, our study showed that the presence of antibodies after the varicella vaccination remained over time, lasting up to 12 years. Conclusions: Although varicella seroprevalence is <95% in almost all our age groups (except for the 15–18 years age group), our data are encouraging and reflect the success of the introduction of the UVV program and the vaccination campaigns promoted in the Tuscany region.

scholarly journals Brief Epidemiological Report on Chikungunya Outbreak in Bihar, India in 2017: Implications for Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ragini Mishra ◽  
Navin Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
State Level ◽  
Health Department ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Status ◽  
Almost All

Aims: The present study was done to identify the epidemiology of the disease outbreak in Bihar in 2017 and suggest remedial measures for the prevention of possible future outbreaks of Chikungunya. Study Design:  Daily reports on Chikungunya were collected in prescribed format from the District Surveillance Unit, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) that included case details from Govt. Medical Colleges and various Private Hospitals in the State. Place and Duration of Study: Index case of Chikungunya was reported in Bihar, India on 15 Feb 2017. After that, few scattered cases were reported till 23 Aug 2017. Cases started increasing from 24 Aug 2017 onwards. From 15 Feb till 31 Dec 2017, total 1223 cases were reported from 32 districts in Bihar. Methodology: The cases were analysed concerning time, place and person. Daily reporting on the health conditions of the cases and the status of the control measures like fogging and larvicidal spray in the affected area was monitored at the State level. Results: Case Fatality Rate (CFR) due to the disease was Nil in the State. The outbreak peak laid from 3-Nov to 12-Nov when 218 cases were reported. Out of 1223 cases, 100% cases were ELISA confirmed. Almost all age groups were affected, but the frequency was greater in the age group 21-30 (25%)> 31-40 (21%)>11-20 (19%). Males (61%) were more affected than females (39%). Out of the total 1223 cases, 100% of the cases were reported from Govt. institutions. State Health Department, Govt. of Bihar took many measures to limit the outbreak, and through strengthening the surveillance and response activities, transmission of the disease was curtailed in the State.     Conclusion: Patna district was most affected followed by Nalanda and Vaishali. Young adults of age group 21-30 were most affected. Males were more affected than females.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Psychological Well-Being and Autonomy in Young People According to Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel De-Juanas ◽  
Teresita Bernal Romero ◽  
Rosa Goig
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

Psychological well-being manifests itself in all aspects of human activity and is essential to understanding whether young people experience life satisfaction and whether, as they mature, well-being can be associated with different levels of personal autonomy. This quantitative study was developed within the framework of international research on young people’s autonomy in the transition to adulthood. Its main objectives were to analyze the relationship between psychological well-being and autonomy and examine potential variations between the two variables according to age. To this end, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale and the Transition to Adulthood Autonomy Scale (EDATVA) designed by Bernal et al., were used with a sample of 1,148 young people aged 16–21 from Madrid, Spain, and Bogotá, Colombia. The results show that almost all the dimensions on the Psychological Well-Being Scale correlate significantly and positively with the dimensions on the EDATVA scale. Specifically, moderate correlations were obtained between self-organization on the EDATVA scale and purpose in life (r = 0.568; p = 0.01) and environmental mastery (r = 0.447; p = 0.01) on the Psychological Well-Being Scale. In turn, autonomy on Ryff’s scale obtained the highest correlation (r = 0.382; p = 0.01) with understanding context on the EDATVA scale. It was also found that the older 18–21 age group obtained higher scores than the younger 16–17 age group in all dimensions on both the EDATVA and the Psychological Well-Being Scale. Earlier studies endorse the results found in this research, especially the differences in the scores for both scales according to age groups. This opens avenues for future research to analyze the relationship between psychological well-being and autonomy as independent variables in other sectors of the population.

scholarly journals Varicella vaccination as useful strategy for reducing the risk of varicella-related hospitalizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Marrella ◽  
A Casuccio ◽  
E Amodio ◽  
F Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Joint Point ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The present study summarizes evidences of the impact of varicella vaccination (VV) on hospitalization rates attributable to this infectious disease in Italy. Methods We have carried out a retrospective observational study that analysed hospital discharge records and VV coverage at 24 months collected from 2003 to 2018 by the Italian Health Ministry. All hospitalizations with the presence of an ICD-9 CM 059.X code in the principal diagnosis or in any of the five secondary diagnoses were considered as related to varicella. The hospitalization rate reduction was evaluated by calculating average annual percent change (AAPC) through joint-point analysis. Results Hospitalization rates showed a decreasing risk by age: children aged &lt;1 year were the most affected age group in each region (42.56/100,000 per year), whereas lower incidence rates were found in older age groups (23.76/100,000 in 1 to 5 years age group and &lt;4/100,000 in the following groups). Varicella hospitalization rates decreased significantly after the introduction of VV (3.42 vs. 2.67 per 100,000; P &lt; 0.001). During the first five years after vaccination introduction hospitalization rates showed a statistically significant decrease especially for infants aged &lt;1 year (AAPC -34.98%; p &lt; 0.001) and 1 to 5 years old (AAPC -35.22%; P &lt; 0.01). VV coverage was strongly correlated with hospitalization rates decrease over each paediatric age group (R-squared 0.38 in aged &lt;1 year, p &lt; 0.001; 0.71 in 1 to 5 years old, p &lt; 0.001; 0.93 in 6 to 14 years old, p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions All the previously reported findings confirm that hospitalization rates are strictly related to both the number of years since vaccination introduction and the vaccination coverage. VV confirms to be an important step in public health strategies and the introduction of universal vaccination, with high vaccination coverage, should be considered as an extremely powerful tool for reducing the risk of complications. Key messages This study adds update findings to the literature and shows that varicella hospitalizations in Italy, from 2003 to 2018, have reduced their burden, that was high in years before varicella vaccination. Varicella vaccination introduction and high coverage are powerful tools for reducing the risk of varicella complications and related hospitalizations in the general population.

scholarly journals Optimal allocation of vaccines - the role of childrens’ vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Gavish ◽  
Guy Katriel
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Optimal Allocations ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

The ultimate goal of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns is to enable the return of societies and economies to a state of normality. Presently, vaccines have not been approved for children. In this work, we use mathematical modeling and optimization to study the effect of the ineligibility of children for vaccination on the effectiveness of a vaccination campaign. Particularly, we address the question of whether vaccination of children of age 10 and older, once approved, should be given higher priority than the vaccination of other age groups. We consider optimal allocations according to competing measures and systematically study the trade-offs among them. We find that, under all scenarios considered, optimal allocations of vaccines do not include age-group 0-9. In contrast, in many of these cases, optimal allocations of vaccines do include the age group 10-19, though the degree to which inclusion of this age group improves outcomes varies by case.

scholarly journals BENDA ASING TELINGA HIDUNG TENGGOROK DI BAGIAN/SMF THT-KL BLU RSU PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JANUARI 2008 – DESEMBER 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthalisa S. Sosir ◽  
O. I. Palandeng ◽  
R. E.C. Tumbel
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Anatomic Locations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
Nose And Throat

Abstract: Sudden death, especially among children, can occur due to aspiration or the swallowing of foreign objects. Foreign objects in human organs are any kind of matter that comes from outside or inside the body, which normally is not present in these organs. This was a retrospective and descriptive  study and was aimed to determine the incidence of cases of foreign objects in the ear, nose, or throat found in the Ear, Nose, and Throat - Head and Neck Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado, from January 2008 through December 2011 in which there were 482 cases. The results showed that the highest number of cases was in 2010 (163 cases, 33.81%), followed by 2009, 2011, and 2008. Male and female cases were 61.82% and 38.18% respectively. Cases in the age group 0-10 years were 218 (45.22%), followed by the age groups: >51 years, 41-50 years, 21-30 years, 31-40 years, and 11-20 years. The most usual anatomic locations of the foreign objects were the external auditory canal (58.29%), followed by the nose, pharynx, esophagus, larynx and bronchus. Successful extractions of the foreign objects occured in 99.17% cases. Conclusion: The highest number of cases was in 2010, being more frequent in males. The most vulnerable age group was 0-10 years, and the most usual anatomic location of the foreign objects was the external auditory canal. Successful extractions of foreign objects occured in almost all cases. Keywords: foreign objects, respiratory tract.     Abstrak: Kematian mendadak terutama pada anak-anak dapat terjadi akibat aspirasi atau tertelan benda asing. Benda asing dalam suatu organ tubuh ialah benda yang berasal dari luar atau dalam tubuh, yang dalam keadaan normal tidak terdapat dalam organ tersebut. Penelitian ini bersifat retrospektif – deskriptif dan bertujuan untuk  mengetahui insiden kasus benda asing telinga, hidung, dan tenggorok di Poliklinik THT-KL RSU Prof. Dr.R D Kandou Manado selang bulan Januari 2008- Desember 2011. Data kasus sebanyak 482 dikumpulkan secara retrospektif dari catatan medik. Jumlah  kasus tertinggi pada tahun 2010 (163 kasus, 33,81%), diikuti oleh 2009, 2011, dan 2008. Kasus laki-laki sebanyak 61,82% dan perempuan 38,18%. Kelompok usia 0-10 tahun sebanyak 218 kasus (45,22%), diikuti kelompok usia >51 tahun, 41-50 tahun, 21-30 tahun, 31-40 tahun, dan 11-20 tahun. Lokasi anatomi benda asing tersering pada meatus akustikus eksterna (58,29%), kemudian hidung, faring, esofagus, dan laring serta bronkus. Keberhasilan penatalaksanaan benda asing (ekstraksi) 99,17%. Simpulan: Kasus benda asing pada telinga, hidung dan tenggorok tertinggi pada tahun 2010 dengan kelompok usia 0-10 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, dan lokasi benda asing tersering pada meatus akustikus eksterna dengan tingkat keberhasilan ekstraksi yang tinggi. Kata kunci: benda asing, saluran napas.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mass Vaccination in Brazil against Severe COVID-19 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A.M. Villela ◽  
Tatiana Guimarães de Noronha ◽  
Leonardo S Bastos ◽  
Antonio G. F. Pacheco ◽  
Oswaldo G. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Background. Mass vaccination campaigns started in Brazil on January/2021 with CoronaVac followed by ChAdOx1 nCov-19, and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines. Target populations initially included vulnerable groups such as people older than 80 years, with comorbidities, of indigenous origin, and healthcare workers. Younger age groups were gradually included. Methods. A national cohort of 66.3 million records was compiled by linking registry-certified COVID-19 vaccination records from the Brazilian National Immunization Program with information on severe COVID-19 cases and deaths. Cases and deaths were aggregated by state and age group. Mixed-effects Poisson models were used to estimate the rate of severe cases and deaths among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, and the corresponding estimates of vaccine effectiveness by vaccine platform and age group. The study period is from mid-January to mid-July 2021. Results. Estimates of vaccine effectiveness preventing deaths were highest at 97.9% (95% CrI: 93.5-99.8) among 20-39 years old with ChAdOx1 nCov-19, at 82.7% (95% CrI: 80.7-84.6) among 40-59 years old with CoronaVac, and at 89.9% (87.8--91.8) among 40-59 years old with partial immunization of BNT162b2. For all vaccines combined in the full regimen, the effectiveness preventing severe cases among individuals aged 80+ years old was 35.9% (95% CrI: 34.9-36.9) which is lower than that observed for individuals aged 60-79 years (61.0%, 95% CrI: 60.5-61.5). Conclusion. Despite varying effectiveness estimates, Brazil′s population benefited from vaccination in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Results, however, suggest significant vaccine-specific reductions in effectiveness by age, given by differences between age groups 60-79 years and over 80 years.

scholarly journals Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a Large Cohort of Vaccinated Subjects and Seropositive Patients

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 714
Author(s):  
Emanuele Amodio ◽  
Giuseppina Capra ◽  
Alessandra Casuccio ◽  
Simona De Grazia ◽  
Dario Genovese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
High Immunogenicity

COVID-19 is a current global threat, and the characterization of antibody response is vitally important to update vaccine development and strategies. In this study we assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (N = 272) and subjects vaccinated with the BNT162b2 m-RNA COVID-19 vaccine (N = 1256). For each participant, socio-demographic data, COVID-19 vaccination records, serological analyses, and SARS-CoV-2 infection status were collected. IgG antibodies against S1/S2 antigens of SARS-CoV-2 were detected. Almost all vaccinated subjects (99.8%) showed a seropositivity to anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG and more than 80% of vaccinated subjects had IgG concentrations > 200 AU/mL. In a Tobit multivariable regression analysis, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was statistically significantly associated with increased IgG concentrations (β coef = 266.4; p < 0.001). A statistically significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentrations was found with older age (β coef = −1.96 per year increase; p < 0.001), male sex (β coef = −22.3; p < 0.001), and days after immunization (β coef = −1.67 per day increase; p < 0.001). Our findings could support the vaccination campaigns confirming the high immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine under investigation with respect to the natural infection. Further studies will be required for evaluating the role of age and days after immunization in the persistence of vaccine antibodies and protection from the disease.

scholarly journals BEEF COOKING PRACTICES IN A SEGMENT OF AN URBAN NIGERIAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
A. OKUBANJO
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cooking Method ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Cooking Practices ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cooked Meat

A survey was carried out among a segment of a Nigerian urban population in an attempt to determine the range of cooking methods and time commonly used in the preparation of beef for the table. Responses were obtained from 492 respondents who cut across several defined age groups and economic The findings indicate that almost all the respondents cook their meat from the fresh state. Boiling was the most frequently used cooking method followed by boiling/frying and boiling /frying/stewing which are the traditional systems of preparing stew in Nigeria. Boiling/stewing was used more frequently by the 41-50yr age group but was least used by the 25-20yr age group. Most respondents cook their beef for between 20 and 40 min, and utilized the broth from the boiled meat in preparing the stew rather than discarding it. The level of tenderness of the cooked meat was singularly the most important factor while marbling was the least factor contributing to its acceptability  

scholarly journals Assessing real-world vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection from routine surveillance data in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanina Anderegg ◽  
Christian L Althaus ◽  
Samuel Colin ◽  
Anthony Hauser ◽  
Anne Laube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Over Time

Background. In Switzerland, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns started early 2021. Vaccine coverage reached 65% of the population in December 2021, mostly using mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNtech. Simultaneously, the proportion of vaccinated among COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths rose, creating some confusion in the general population. We aim to assess vaccine effectiveness against severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection using routine surveillance data on the vaccination status of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths and data on vaccination coverage in Switzerland.Methods. We consider all routine surveillance data on COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths received at the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health from 1 July 2021 to 1 December 2021. We estimate the relative risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization or death for non-fully vaccinated compared to fully vaccinated individuals, adjusted for the dynamics of vaccination coverage over time, by age and location. We stratify the analysis by age group and by calendar month. We assess variations in the relative risk of hospitalization associated with the time since vaccination.Results. We include a total of 5,948 COVID-19-related hospitalizations of which 1,245 (21%) were fully vaccinated, and a total of 739 deaths of which 259 (35%) were fully vaccinated. We find that the relative risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization is 12.5 (95%CI: 11.7 to 13.4) times higher for non-fully vaccinated than for fully vaccinated individuals. This translates into a vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization of 92.0% (95%CI: 91.4 to 92.5%). Vaccine effectiveness against death is estimated to 90.3% (95%CI: 88.6 to 91.8%). Effectiveness appears comparatively lower in age groups over 70 and during the months of October and November 2021. We also find evidence of a decrease in vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization for individuals vaccinated for 25 weeks or more, but this decrease only appears in age groups below 70.Conclusions. The observed proportions of vaccinated among COVD-19-related hospitalizations and deaths in Switzerland are compatible with a high effectiveness of mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNtech against hospitalization and death in all age groups. Effectiveness appears comparatively lower in older age groups, suggesting the importance of booster vaccinations. We find inconclusive evidence that vaccine effectiveness is waning over time. Repeated analyses will be able to better assess waning and the effect of boosters.

scholarly journals Hydrocephallus in the Department of Child Health, School of Medicine University of North Sumatera Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-6
Author(s):  
Yahya G. Lubis ◽  
T. Razif ◽  
Manihar D. Marbun ◽  
Bistok Saing
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Almost All

A retrospective study 10 find out the incidence of hydrocephalus in the Paediatric Neurology Subdivision Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of North Sumatera/Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan, was carried out in the period of 1986- 1989. The number, age groups, causes and treatment were reviewed. The cases consisted of 45 children; 28 males (68.2%) and 17 females (27.8%). Most of the patients (34 = 75.5%) were found in the age group of 1 year or younger and the rest (11 = 24.5%) were tn the age group of more than I year. The youngest was 2 days old and the oldest was 5 years and 6 months old; 33 cases were congenital, 5 cases were acquired and 7 cases were unknown causes. Conservative treatment were introduced to almost all cases, and four cases had ventricular peritoneal shunt.

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