Dynamics of Urban Systems in Relation to Land-Use Changes in the North East Development Region of Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Anamaria-Ioana Stoleru ◽  
Oana-Elena Chelariu ◽  
Corneliu Iatu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Development Region

scholarly journals Landscape Ecological Structure in the Eastern Part of the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve, Latvia

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Aivars Tērauds ◽  
Oļgerts Nikodemus ◽  
Inga Rasa ◽  
Simons Bells
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Ecological Structure ◽  
The North ◽  
Landscape Units ◽  
Landscape Ecological

Landscape Ecological Structure in the Eastern Part of the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve, Latvia Latvia is a country where the forest area has increased and habitat fragmentation has reversed compared with many other European countries. In order to examine the effect of this expansion on biodiversity, vegetation maps dating from 2002 and the years 1930-1936 were used for comparative landscape structure analyses while archive materials from forest plans, and data from the national forest management database were used for land use analysis. Four landscape ecoregions in the eastern side of the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve were selected for analysis. Landscape structure indicators derived from landscape ecology were used for the ecological assessment of land use changes. The total number of forest patches had decreased over the study period, but mean patch size had increased for all types of landscape element. This general change was found to vary between different landscape units in the study area. The biggest change in the area of forest patches occurred in the Rūjiena drumlin field, where the amount of forest patches decreased least and forest area increased the most. This study showed that the internal structure of the forest matrix changed substantially. This finding has implications for biodiversity protection if this trend of land use change continues.

Land Planning, Agro-forest Systems, and Implications for Ecosystem Services: Insights from Northern Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Tomao ◽  
Barbara Ermini ◽  
Marcela Prokopov ◽  
Adriano Conte
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Potential Impact

Negative environmental changes generally addressed as ‘syndromes’ are evaluated in the context of Soil Degradation (SD) and interpreted by using a ‘Land-Use/Land Cover Changes’ (LULCCs) framework in order to disentangle ‘past trajectories’, ‘present patterns’, and ‘future changes’. This approach allows to discuss the potential impact on SD processes and it represents an informed basis for identifying measurable outcomes of SD. This study focuses on the case of Emilia Romagna, a region located in the North of Italy with high-value added agricultural productions. A multi-temporal analysis of land-use changes between 1954 and 2008 has been proposed, discussing the evolution of associated SD syndromes in Emilia Romagna. The contributing information have been used as a baseline for Sustainable Land Management (SLM) strategies. This framework of analysis provides useful tools to investigate and to monitor the effects of SD in the Mediterranean basin where several regions underwent common development patterns yelding global pathological symptoms of environmental degradation.

scholarly journals The Exploration of Urban Material Anabolism Based on RS and GIS Methods: Case Study in Jinchang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Shuqi He ◽  
Xingpeng Chen ◽  
Zilong Zhang ◽  
Zhaoyue Wang ◽  
Mengran Hu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images

As an open artificial ecosystem, the development of a city requires the continuous input and output of material and energy, which is called urban metabolism, and includes catabolic (material-flow) and anabolic (material-accumulation) processes. Previous studies have focused on the catabolic and ignored the anabolic process due to data and technology problems. The combination of remote-sensing technology and high-resolution satellite images facilitates the estimation of cumulative material amounts in urban systems. This study focused on persistent accumulation, which is the metabolic response of urban land use/urban land expansion, building stock, and road stock to land-use changes. Building stock is an extremely cost-intensive and long-lived component of cumulative metabolism. The study measured building stocks of Jinchang, China’s nickel capital by using remote-sensing images and field-research data. The development of the built environment could be analyzed by comparing the stock of buildings on maps representing different time periods. The results indicated that material anabolism in Jinchang is a distance-dependent function, where the amounts and rates of material anabolism decrease with changes in distance to the central business district (CBD) and city administration center (CAC). The cumulative metabolic rate and cumulative total metabolism were observed to be increasing, however, the growth rate has decreased.

scholarly journals The flood extent in the lower Biebrza basin calculated by the 1D flow model for different land use scenarios

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Szporak ◽  
Dorota Mirosław-Świątek ◽  
Jarosław Chormański
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Park ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
River Valley ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Land Use Scenarios ◽  
Flooded Area

The flood extent in the lower Biebrza basin calculated by the 1D flow model for different land use scenarios The flood extent in the lower Biebrza basin calculated by the 1D flow model for different land use scenarios. An application of an steady 1D flow model for determination of a flood extent in the natural river valley is discussed in this paper. The Pasche method was used to calculate the total Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for each cross section according to the type of vegetation and flow interaction between the main channel and vegetated areas. In this approach friction caused by interaction between the main channel and vegetated areas are taken into account. The model was applied to the Biebrza Valley, fairly undisturbed river-marginal peatland, located in the north-east of Poland. Actual land use carried out in the National Park was analyzed to determine the influence of changes in the vegetation structure on the flood extent in the river valley. The obtained results show variation of a flooded area in relation to the vegetation of the floodplain.

Simulation of Nitrate Concentration Affected from Land Use Changes in the Lower Part of Yom River Basin,Thailand: A Preliminary Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 738-743
Author(s):  
Satika Boonkaewwan ◽  
Srilert Chotpantarat
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
The North ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Year 2000

The Lower Yom River Basin is located in the north of Thailand. This study carried out to calibrate and validate using SWAT model in terms of streamflow and sediment concentration hydrographs (Year 2000-2012) for 3 RID streamflow gauging stations (the Royal Irrigation Department). The nitrates concentrations simulate have been influenced of land use changes during last ten years. Optimal values of model parameters derived from calibration and validation processes, which showed well fitted between observed and simulated results. In the last decade, particular in Lower Yom River, the land use change gradually transformed to be more paddy field and has been increased 127.48 km2 (approx. 0.87% increase), followed by urban area, which has been increased 196.66 km2 (approx. 1.35% increase), respectively. Average monthly concentration of nitrate increased 38.28 mg/l (approx.13.40 % increase), 43.17 mg/l (approx.12.00% increase), 43.02 mg/l (approx. 8.60% increase) at station Y.6, Y.4 and Y.17, respectively. Accordingly, on the basis of the results presented in this study, land use changes can significantly affect on concentrations of nitrate.

Recent Trends of Desertification in the Maowusu Desert, China

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiu-Hung Luk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Major Step ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
The Impact

In the Maowusu Desert—which in the south-east encompasses part of the Yulin Region, Shaanxi Province, and in the north-west the Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region—desertification trends in relation to the impact of droughts and land-use changes were investigated. Data derived from Earth resources technology satellites (LANDSAT I and LANDSAT II, 1974–1978), and Chinese documentary sources, were used for the analysis. It was found that desert ‘expansion’ occurred during 1953–76, but the rates of expansion varied over time and space, relatively rapid desertification being observed for 1959–63 and 1971–76. The bulk of the expansion was located in the more arid Ih Ju League. The mean annual rate of areal expansion was 6.4% during 1958–71. By comparing the desertification rates with precipitation and land-use information, it was established that droughts have only accentuated the desertification process. The primary cause of desert expansion is the excessive clearing of land for rain-fed agriculture as well, of course, as overgrazing. Another contributory factor was culling of vegetation for fuel and raw materials for handicraft industries.Efforts have been expended on desert control since the mid-1950s, resulting in the arresting of desertification in some local areas. The individual success stories demonstrate that, with mass participation, effective desert control can be achieved by using low-level technology. However, the Chinese programme of desert control was not conceived as a comprehensive programme. Control activities relied almost exclusively on vegetational methods, and they were seldom coordinated with land-use policies as well as with the planning of energy supplies. The negligence of the fundamental conflict between expanding agricultural activities and desert control has led to a net desert expansion in the last 30 years. Recognition of this fundamental conflict and implementation of mitigative land-use policies, would be a major step towards resolving the desertification problem in the Maowusu Desert.

scholarly journals Density distributions and habitat associations of red kangaroos, Macropus rufus, and western grey kangaroos, M. fuliginosus

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Cairns ◽  
AR Pople ◽  
GC Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Half Degree

Density distributions of red and western grey kangaroos in the South Australian pastoral zone were determined for the period 1978-86. The habitat associations of these kangaroos were analysed using the densities on half-degree blocks, and information on landform and soil type, land use and degradation, vegetation, and climate. Red kangaroos were found throughout the pastoral zone, the highest densities being in the north-east. Western grey kangaroos were restricted to the southern parts of the pastoral zone. Higher densities of red kangaroos were associated with pastoral land use, with brown calcareous and red duplex soils, and with areas dominated by low bluebush shrublands. They were not particularly closely associated with areas dominated by mulga. Habitat associations of red kangaroos were different in drought years compared to non-drought years. Changes in density distribution during drought appears to have been due to the patchiness of rainfall. The relative effect of the drought was greatest in the northern part of the pastoral zone. Outside this effect, recent rainfall was found to be of only secondary importance to the overall density distribution of red kangaroos. Climatic factors appeared to be the major determinants of the density distribution of western grey kangaroos. Low evaporation and relatively high rainfall characterised areas with high densities of western grey kangaroos. As was the case with red kangaroos, habitat heterogeneity appeared to be an important requirement of western grey kangaroos. Also, habitat associations were different in drought and non-drought years. Despite this, as was the case with red kangaroos, recent rainfall was only of secondary importance to the overall distribution of western grey kangaroos.

scholarly journals Revisiting the limnology of Lake Río Cuarto, Costa Rica, thirty-five years later

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Gerardo Umaña-Villalobos ◽  
Aldo Farah-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Oxygen Conductivity ◽  
The North

Lake Río Cuarto is a meromictic lake at low elevation in the North of Costa Rica. It offers an opportunity to compare its present state with the condition it had when first studied in the late 1970’s and occasional samplings since then. This comparison expects to identify changes that could be attributed to incipient effects of global climate change. We studied the limnology and conditions of its drainage area for three years (2013-2016) to compare with previous data. Vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, chlorophyll a, dissolved H2S were performed several times per year, for a total of 22 samplings. Aerial photographs taken since 1950 were analyzed to describe land use changes. The lake had a shallow Secchi depth (< 5 m) at all times. It was stratified on all occasions, with a thermocline that fluctuated between 10 and 20 m. It has a monimolimnion, with a chemocline at 14 to 22 m. Below the chemocline it was always anoxic, and during annual partial mixing events in the mixolimnion, oxygen levels decreased compared to stratified periods. There was a continuous presence of H2S from 20 m downwards, with annual fluctuations, being lower during partial mixing events. A peak in chlorophyll was detected on all occasions just below the thermocline. Land use around the lake hasn’t changed much since 1952, when only a rim of tree cover was left around the steep margins of the lake. The lake has maintained its limnological characteristics, with the only exception that it didn’t cooled down to historical levels. This limited response could be the result of the high relative depth and steep margins of the lake, which prevent the downward distribution of heat and keeps the lake in a meromictic state, preventing its mixing for long periods of time.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LAND USE CHANGES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOIL FEATURES. CASE STUDY: SECAȘ VILLAGE, TIMIȘ COUNTY (ROMANIA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Loredana Copăcean ◽  
Ionut Zisu ◽  
Valentina Mazăre ◽  
Luminiţa Cojocariu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
The North

The soil, regarded as a natural resource, but also as a determinant element of the living standards of rural communities, manly agricultural, may be influenced, directly and indirectly, by the modality of land organizing and use. Starting from this consideration, through this study, the spatial and temporal evolution of land use is being pursued, particularly that of forest areas and wooded grasslands. The goal is to notice the changes that have occurred over a 30-year period and the manner how these changes are reflected on the soil features. The researches presented in this paper have been taking place in the north-eastern hilly area of Timiş County, that area having entirely a rural character. For realizing this study satellite images, topographical and cadastral maps, from different time periods, national and international databases, data from specialty literature were used. To all these we should add direct observations in the field, topographic surveys and information collected from local authorities. The processing of cartographic materials and data and scientific information has been realized with Geographical Information Systems specific applications. The obtained result has been expressed in the form of thematic maps, in graphic form or as statistical analysis. At the level of the analyzed area, the obvious changes in the land use, registered over time, are caused by a number of factors, such as: the organization form, from communist to capitalist policies, leaving agricultural land as fallow ground, reduction in livestock, changing land use etc. All these changes have caused the extension of the wooded grasslands, reduction of arable land, installing inferior forest vegetation in qualitative and quantitative terms etc. As a result, the soil, one of the most important natural resources, is degraded qualitatively, underexploited, and on the other hand, its role as a direct and indirect food producer for local communities is significantly reduced.

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