scholarly journals Kognitív epidemiológia – Az intelligenciaszint prospektív összefüggése a szomatikus és pszichiátriai betegségrizikóval

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-102
Author(s):  
Ujma Przemyslaw Péter
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Somatic Illness ◽  
Premorbid Intelligence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Epidemiological Significance ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

A kognitív epidemiológia az intelligencia és az egészségi állapot összefüggésének tudo- mánya. A modern, sokszor több százezer fős, teljes populációkon végzett kognitív epide- miológiai vizsgálatok eredményei alapján a magasabb premorbid intelligencia gya- korlatilag valamennyi mentális betegség, illetve pszichiátriai probléma alacsonyabb kockázatával függ össze. A magasabb premorbid intelligencia a halálozás, a szív- és ér- rendszeri betegségek, a metabolikus betegségek, a rossz egészség-magatartás és számos kisebb népegészségügyi jelentőségű betegség előfordulásával is negatívan függ össze; a légzőszervi betegségekkel és a dohányzáshoz nem köthető daganatokkal azonban gyen- ge vagy hiányzik az összefüggés. A mentális betegségekkel való összefüggést nem, a szo- matikus betegségekkel és a mortalitással való összefüggést azonban részben mediálják a felnőttkori szocioökonómiai státusz mutatói. A speciális vizsgálati elrendezések – úgymint ikerkontroll-vizsgálatok, pszeudoexperimentális vizsgálatok, valamint a mendeli ran- domizáció módszerét használó molekuláris genetikai vizsgálatok – eredményei arra utal- nak, hogy az intelligencia és az egészség közötti kapcsolat jelentős részét genetikai ténye- zők közvetítik, de a szomatikus egészségre a magasabb intelligencia következményeként elérhető jobb szocioökonómiai státusz is szerény hatást gyakorol.Cognitive epidemiology is the science of the relationship between intelligence and health. Modern studies of cognitive epidemiology, often with samples of several hundreds of thousands of individuals, have revealed that higher premorbid intelligence is associated with a lower risk of virtually all of mental illnesses and psychiatric problems. Higher premorbid intelligence is also associated negatively with the incidence of mortality, circulatory illness, metabolic illness, poor health behavior and many diseases of lower epidemiological significance, but its relationship to respiratory illness and non-smoking related cancers is weaker or non-existent. Indicators of adult socioeconomic status do not mediate the association between intelligence and mental illness, but they do partially mediate the relationship with somatic illness and mortality. Studies with special designs -twin control studies, pseudo-experimental studies and molecular genetic studies using Mendelian randomization – suggest that the relationship between intelligence and health is heavily mediated by genetic factors, but somatic health may be modestly but causally improved by better social status as a consequence of higher intelligence.

scholarly journals C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Heart Disease: All Said—Is Not It?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Strang ◽  
Heribert Schunkert
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Relationship

C-reactive protein (CRP) and coronary heart disease (CHD) have been the subject of intensive investigations over the last decades. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between moderately elevated CRP levels and incident CHD whereas genetic studies have shown that polymorphisms associated with elevated CRP levels do not increase the risk of ischemic vascular disease, suggesting that CRP might be a bystander rather than a causal factor in the progress of atherosclerosis. Beside all those epidemiological and genetic studies, the experimental investigations also try to reveal the role of CRP in the progress of atherosclerosis. This review will highlight the complex results of genomic, epidemiological, and experimental studies on CRP and will show why further studies investigating the relationship between CRP and atherosclerosis might be needed.

Mammographic density as marker of increased risk of breast cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
P. G. Labazanova ◽  
M. V. Budanova ◽  
I. I. Burdina ◽  
S. B. Zapirova ◽  
M. L. Mazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factor ◽  
Develop Breast Cancer ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

‘Mammographic density’ (MD) is a concept that has entered medical practice since 2017. as a marker of breast cancer risk factor (BC) according to the international classifiation of NCCN. The term reflcts the degree of severity of benign diffuse breast dysplasia in women of post-reproductive age. MD is determined by the ratio of stromal, epithelial, and adipose tissue. According to the literature, in young women, high MD limits the possibilities of X-ray mammography, reducing its effectiveness in oncomammoscreening, leading to the detection of advanced forms of breast cancer. Post-reproductive women with high MD are more likely to develop breast cancer than those with low MD. In this regard, MD is of particular interest for studying its role in oncogenesis. Recent molecular genetic studies of the differences between high and low MD explain the main biological reasons why post-reproductive women with dense breast structure are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer. The aim is to identify the factors that inflence the relationship of MD with the risk of developing breast cancer based on a comparative analysis of molecular genetic studies and radiological manifestations of MD of different severity and to identify the factors that contribute to the formation of MD variants.

Overlap between autism and schizophrenia: history and current status

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Empathy Deficits ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – Considerable confusion surrounds the overlapping of autism and schizophrenia. This has significant implications for clinicians given that correct diagnosis is critical for treatment. Design/methodology/approach – This paper sets out to clarify the position by reviewing the history and current status of the relationship between autism and schizophrenia. A general review was conducted using a chronological approach that focused on phenomenology, aetiology, genetic mechanisms and treatment. Findings – Persons with autism are far more rigid, have difficulties set shifting and get far more upset and aggressive when their routines have changed. They have far more severe theory of mind and empathy deficits than those with schizophrenia. Research limitations/implications – Future diagnostic refinement by means of molecular genetic studies will alter the diagnostic categories. Further studies of the conditions of autism and schizophrenia are therefore necessary. Practical implications – Both conditions need treatment both clinically and practically. Originality/value – This paper elucidates the relationship between autism and schizophrenia from a historical and current perspective. It emerges that this confusion is likely to be resolved by molecular genetic studies that will alter the diagnostic categories.

Thickness of endometrium: predictor of the effectiveness of IVF/ICSI programs (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
L A Bagdasaryan ◽  
I E Korneyeva
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study is to systematically analyze the data available in the modern literature on the relationship between endometrial thickness and the frequency of pregnancy in the program of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles found in PubMed on this topic. Results. The article presents data on the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy in ART programs. The greatest number of studies is devoted to the evaluation of the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy on the day of the ovulation trigger. Data are presented on the existence of a correlation between the thickness of the endometrium measured on the day of the ovulation trigger and the frequency of clinical pregnancy, as well as data on the need to evaluate the structure of the endometrium and the state of subendometric blood flow. The importance of multilayered (three-layered) endometrium as a prognostic marker of success in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection programs in the ovum is emphasized. The conclusion. The thickness of the endometrium can not be used as an argument for canceling the cycle or abolishing embryo transfer to the uterine cavity. Further studies in this direction are needed with a study of the morphological and molecular genetic characteristics of the endometrium, which in the future will allow us to evaluate the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the probability of pregnancy.

Sleep and cognition in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review protocol.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Carruthers ◽  
Gemma Brunetti ◽  
Susan Rossell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Systematic Review Protocol ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sleep And Cognition ◽  
The Relationship

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are chronic and debilitating mental illnesses characterised by both cognitive impairments and sleep deficits. In this systematic review protocol, we outline an approach to examine the available literature investigating the relationship between sleep and cognition in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

The relationship between brain structure and general psychopathology in preadolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Mewton ◽  
Briana Lees ◽  
Lindsay Squeglia ◽  
Miriam K. Forbes ◽  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Cortical Volume ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
The Relationship

Categorical mental disorders are being recognized as suboptimal targets in clinical neuroscience due to poor reliability as well as high rates of heterogeneity within, and comorbidity between, mental disorders. As an alternative to the case-control approach, recent studies have focused on the relationship between neurobiology and latent dimensions of psychopathology. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between brain structure and psychopathology in the critical preadolescent period when psychopathology is emerging. This study included baseline data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (n = 11,721; age range = 9-10 years; male = 52.2%). General psychopathology, externalizing, internalizing, and thought disorder dimensions were based on a higher-order model of psychopathology and estimated using Bayesian plausible values. Outcome variables included global and regional cortical volume, thickness, and surface area. Higher levels of psychopathology across all dimensions were associated with lower volume and surface area globally, as well as widespread and pervasive alterations across the majority of cortical and subcortical regions studied, after adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, and parental education. The relationships between general psychopathology and brain structure were attenuated when adjusting for cognitive functioning. There was evidence of a relationship between externalizing psychopathology and frontal regions of the cortex that was independent of general psychopathology. The current study identified lower cortical volume and surface area as transdiagnostic biomarkers for general psychopathology in preadolescence. The widespread and pervasive relationships between general psychopathology and brain structure may reflect cognitive dysfunction that is a feature across a range of mental illnesses.

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