A new way of understanding the relationship between men and the gods: Socrates, gods and wealth

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Keyword(s):  
Large Majority ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract A careful methodology can enable us to be confident in the idea, largely neglected by historiography, that Socrates understood the relationships between men, the gods and wealth, in a very different manner to that of the large majority of his contemporaries. While the latter thought that the rites could lead the gods to bring them prosperity, that wealth was a blessing, Socrates was convinced of the opposite: wealth was not, in his view, a blessing, and had nothing to do with the gods. This was able to draw a few Athenians to think that philosophy could threaten the practice of religious rituals.

scholarly journals MIGRATION, WAR, AND THE MAKING OF A TRANSNATIONAL LEBANESE SHIʿI COMMUNITY IN SENEGAL

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara A. Leichtman
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
West African ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Political Ties ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The July 2006 Lebanon war was an important turning point for West African Lebanese. For the first time since their formation as a community, the Lebanese in Senegal organized a demonstration in Dakar displaying solidarity with Lebanon. This protest illuminates the dynamics between global forces and local responses. Hizbullah's effectiveness in winning the international public opinion of both Sunni and Shiʿi Muslims in the war against Israel led to a surge in Lebanese diaspora identification, even among communities who had not been similarly affected by previous Lebanese wars. By analyzing the role of a Lebanese shaykh in bringing religious rituals and a Lebanese national identity to the community in Senegal, this article explores how members of the community maintain political ties to Lebanon even when they have never visited the “homeland” and sheds new light on the relationship among religion, migration, and (trans)nationalism.

Religious Rituals and Logical Thought in Durkheim

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Karsenti
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Central Function ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The Relationship

In The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, ritual has a central function in Durkheim’s argument. It is on its redefinition that the constitution of sacred things rests, in relation to the constitution of the group itself and to the formation of categories of thought. In this study, we restore the basis of this conception: the interpretation of the ritual of the intichiuma, and more particularly its mimetic dimension, which prevails over its sacrificial dimension. The relationship between practice and objective thought then turns out to be the touchstone of the concept of the sacred developed by Durkheim.

scholarly journals ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE γ-GLOBULIN GENES OF THE GM SYSTEM

1964 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Band Type

Gm types of sera from Caucasians and Negroes, of myeloma globulins, and of specific antibodies were investigated. In particular the relationship between the recently identified gene Gmf and other Gm genes was analyzed. 1. Caucasians were, with rare exceptions, either Gm(b+f+) or Gm(b-f-). 2. In Negroes, on the other band, type Gm(b+f-) was found to be common. 3. No myeloma globulins appeared to contain the product of more than 1 of the 3 genes Gma, Gmb, and Gmf, even though the large majority of normal individuals, as well as myeloma patients, possess 2 or all 3 of these genes. 4. The types Gm(a+b-f-) and Gm(a-b-f+) represented the 2 major groups among the γ2-myeloma globulins; each comprised roughly 40 per cent. The types Gm(a- b+f-) and Gm(a-b-f-) are minor groups. 5. All Gm(x+) myeloma globulins were also Gm(a+). Approximately half of the Gm(a+) myeloma globulins were Gm(x+). 6. In the majority, but not in all, of Gm(a+) sera the anti-Rh antibodies were clearly Gm(a+). Similarly, the anti-Rh antibodies of Gm(f+) sera were most often, but not always, also Gm(f+). In contrast, only a minor proportion of Gm(b+) anti-Rh sera sensitized red cells to anti-Gm(b).

Why did Qajar elites become such enthusiastic patrons of ta'zīyah? A simple question with a complex answer

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Kamran Scot Aghaie
Keyword(s):  
Female Characters ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Relative Independence ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Qajar Period ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The Qajar elites of Iran used various Shi'i religious rituals to bolster their legitimacy, but ta'zīyah was the Qajar ritual par excellence. This article argues for the key role played by the following factors. First, the relationship between the Qajar elites and the elite ulamā was often contentious. Second, since the ulamā controlled most religious spaces and rituals, it was difficult for the Qajar elites to sponsor rituals independently of the ulamā, and third, since the ulamā had conflicting and ambivalent attitudes towards certain Shi'i rituals, because of the practices of dressing up and representing holy Shi'i persons (including males dressing up as female characters), and because of the injurious aspects of rituals like qamah zanī and zanjīr zanī. Finally, hierarchies of status within the ulamā developed throughout the Qajar period, following the victory of the Ūsūlīs over the Akhbārīs in Iraq and Iran. A combination of these factors meant that the highest-ranking ulamā typically did not sponsor rituals like ta'zīyah, which provided a unique opportunity for Qajar elites to promote their legitimacy, with relative independence from the elite ulamā.

scholarly journals MRI inflammation at the vertebral unit only marginally predicts new syndesmophyte formation: a multilevel analysis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Désirée van der Heijde ◽  
Pedro Machado ◽  
Jürgen Braun ◽  
Kay-Geert A Hermann ◽  
Xenofon Baraliakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Spinal Mri ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between MRI inflammation at the vertebral unit and the formation and growth of syndesmophytes at the same vertebral unit.MethodsAn 80% random sample of the ASSERT database was analysed. MRI were scored using the ankylosing spondylitis (AS) spinal MRI activity score (at baseline, 24 and 102 weeks) and spinal x-rays were scored using the modified Stoke AS spine score (at baseline and 102 weeks). Data were analysed at the patient level and the vertebral unit level using a multilevel approach to adjust for within-patient correlation.ResultsThere was a slightly increased probability of developing syndesmophytes in vertebral units with MRI activity, which was maintained after adjustment for within-patient correlation (per vertebral unit level) and treatment, and after further adjustment for potential confounders, resulting in significant OR ranging from 1.51 to 2.26. Growth of existing syndesmophytes at the vertebral unit level was not associated with MRI activity. At the patient level only a trend for an association was observed.ConclusionMRI inflammation in a vertebral unit slightly increases the propensity to form a new syndesmophyte in the same vertebral unit, but does not predict the growth of already existing syndesmophytes. Despite this association, the large majority of new syndesmophytes developed in vertebral units without inflammation. The subtle association at the vertebral unit level did not translate into an association at the patient level.

scholarly journals MOVIMENTOS DE DANÇA E LITERATURA: SALOMÉ E A CABEÇA DE JOÃO BATISTA NO RELATO DE MARCOS [Enéias Farias Tavares (UFSM)] [Juliana de Abreu Werner T. (UFRGS)]

REPERTÓRIO ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Teatro & Dança Repertório
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

<div>A dança perpassa a história de todas as civilizações antigas. Na cultura primitiva, ela estabelece uma forma de comunicação única entre um povo e suas tradições. Essa comunicação ocorre por meio de um vocabulário próprio de movimentos e gestos corporais que também farão parte dos rituais religiosos. No caso dos textos judaicos, a dança está associada a comemorações bélicas, à conquista militar, à realização pessoal e ao culto à divindade, além de exemplificar um aspecto do “ritual pagão” dos povos não-judaicos. Por sua vez, o episódio envolvendo a filha de Herodias, Salomé, registrado nos evangelhos de <em>Mateus e Marcos</em>, foi relido nos séculos posteriores figurando sua dança apenas em associação com a licenciosidade romana. O objetivo desse texto é analisar a relação dos textos velho-testamentários com a dança e opô-la ao relato de Marcos, ressaltando o modo peculiar com que o autor constrói sua narrativa. Nesse sentido, buscamos uma aproximação entre o texto literário bíblico e as práticas da dança no contexto judaico e romano.</div><div><br /></div><div><div><br />Dance passes through the history of all ancient civilizations. In the culture of primitive society, it provides a unique form of communication between people and their traditions. This communication occurs through a specific vocabulary of movements and body gestures which is also part of religious rituals. In the case of Jewish texts, the dance is associated with the celebration of war, military conquest, personal accomplishment and to worship their god, besides its "pagan worship" nature in non-Jewish cultures. On the other hand, the story of the dance of Salome, in <em>Matthew and Mark</em>, was reread in later centuries fi guring dance only in association with the Roman licentiousness. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship of old-testamentary texts with dance and oppose them to Mark's account, highlighting the peculiar way in which the author described the dance, the setting and characters of the story. In this sense, we seek an approximation between biblical literary text and the practice of dance in a Jewish and Roman context.</div></div>

scholarly journals Life Satisfaction and Religiosity among College Teachers

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Yousaf Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
College Teachers ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Muslim Religiosity ◽  
The Relationship

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between life satisfaction and religiosity among college teachers. Life satisfaction refers to cognitive and affective assessments of life. Religiosity refers to behavior, emotions, and thoughts which are derivative from beliefs about the sacred, associated with a particular religious ritual. A sample of 100 males and females college teachers was selected in a crosssectional survey research design. Muslim Religiosity Personality Inventory (MRPI) by Krauss (2011) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener (1985) were used to measure the religiosity and life satisfaction respectively. Permissions to use the scales have already obtained from authors. Data were collected from a convenient sample of 100 college teachers from district Gujrat. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 version was used for statistical analyses. Findings of Pearson Product Moment Correlations revealed that life satisfaction is positively associated with religious rituals and maumalats at (p< .001 and p< .01 respectively). Multiple Hierarchal Regression Analysis showed that religious rituals and maumalats predict 29% variance on life satisfaction. The research has implementation that religiosity can play a vital role in life satisfaction of male and female college teachers.

Para-Narratives in the Odyssey

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Alden
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Relationship

This book offers the first full-length study in English of the relationship between the Odyssey’s main narrative and its para-narratives, the secondary narratives and episodes in a minor key which frequently suspend its progress. Many of the latter group take the form of paradigmatic secondary narratives about matters apparently external to the poem, which are related by the poet and his characters. For the characters, such stories may provide a model of action for imitation or avoidance in their immediate contexts. At a deeper level, they influence the reception of some aspect of the main narrative by the poet’s audience. They draw on Cyclic Epic, folk tales and international stories, alleged personal experience (the material of αἶνος‎), and mythology, which may be altered if necessary to achieve a closer correspondence to the parallel situation in the main narrative. Where details are suppressed or altered, the audience may still experience the reverberations of the better-known version of the tradition: this is particularly apparent in the poem’s unusual use of the Oresteia story. Analogous or parallel situations are inserted into the narrative itself, so that one episode resembles and sheds light on another. Minor-key episodes narrated in the poet’s voice reflect on significant episodes of the main narrative and influence and guide its interpretation. As the poem draws to its close, religious rituals, particularly the Plynteria and Arrephoria, become another kind of para-narrative, their procedures mimicked by the characters as they undergo the transitions effected at the poem’s dénouement.

scholarly journals KAWASAN RELIGIUS DAN PRODUKSI RUANG DI LINGKUNGAN MASJID PATHOK NEGARA PLOSOKUNING YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Rahmadi Agus Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
The Relationship

Study of religion and territory (space) is a new phenomenon in recent dec­ades along with the tendency of religious studies that change from normative to con­tex­tual approach. Plosokuning village as a religious area becomes research ob­ject that examines the relationship between religion and space. Furthermore, this re­search will explore how this religious region is formed and how it affects the beha­vior of the people in this village.This study uses a social theory known as the production of space proposed by Henri Lefebvre. In this theory, space is a social production, and always related to the social reality that surrounds it. Space never existed and manifested itself or held itself. In other words space has a historical dimension that helped shape it. The social space also influences the way of thinking and acting of society that exists in the space, as well as uses as control and domination.From the historical approach, it is found that the religious area of Plosokun­ing is a product of the palace (kraton Yogyakarta) that makes Plosokuning as a mutihan area (place of worship). This religious area is intended as a bastion of the spirituality of the palace and the implementation of the royal philosophy known as Kiblat Papat Lima Pancer. In this philosophy, the palace is in the middle and sur­rounded by a spiritual fortress in the form of four Pathok Negara Mosques, one of which is the Pathok Negara Mosque in Plosokuning.The religious area of Plosokuning, which is a palace product, has an influ­ence on the Islamic religiosity of the Plosokuning community. This religious beha­vior can be proved by the emergence of cultural products, both tangible and intangi­ble cultures. Tangible cultures are like the emergence of some boarding schools (pesantren), some musholla (small mosques), Muslim housing, and majelis ta'lim (place for Islamic studies). While intangible culture such as the emergence of Is­lamic art, religious rituals, as well as Islamic religious norms in society. Plosokun­ing as religious area continues to be inherited from generation to generation by continu­ing to revive the Islamic culture, both tangible and intangible culture.The study of the Plosokuning community also shows a strong relation be­tween religious space and the behavior of the people. By the existing of the reli­gious area,  so the sacred character of religion becomes strong in the environment of Pathok Negara Mosque Plosokuning. As a sacred area, it becomes a shame (ta­boo) when people conduct behavior or actions that violate Islamic norms and tradi­tions. The social function of this religion is also reinforced by giving social sanc­tions for people who violate the teachings of Islam. Keywords: Islam, production of space, sacred, Yogyakarta.

Impurity and power: women in Aladura churches

Africa ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deidre Helen Crumbley
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Blood ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Indigenous Healing ◽  
Explanatory Framework ◽  
Religious Rituals ◽  
The Status ◽  
Organisational Structures ◽  
Gender And Power ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhat is there about being female which elicits religious rituals of control? More specifically, what is there about menstrual blood which elicits a language of ritual impurity? What is the relationship between exclusion from the sacred and exclusion from power? This article, based on fieldwork among the Aladura or ‘praying’ churches of Nigeria (1982 to 1986), explores these questions in three Aladura denominations. While these three ‘spiritual’ churches share similar features in being indigenous, healing and prophesying churches, the status and roles of women in their respective organisational structures vary remarkably. The ways in which an ideology of impurity impacts or fails to impact upon gender and power relationships is investigated, and an explanatory framework for assessing such variations is suggested.

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