scholarly journals ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE γ-GLOBULIN GENES OF THE GM SYSTEM

1964 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1169-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Band Type

Gm types of sera from Caucasians and Negroes, of myeloma globulins, and of specific antibodies were investigated. In particular the relationship between the recently identified gene Gmf and other Gm genes was analyzed. 1. Caucasians were, with rare exceptions, either Gm(b+f+) or Gm(b-f-). 2. In Negroes, on the other band, type Gm(b+f-) was found to be common. 3. No myeloma globulins appeared to contain the product of more than 1 of the 3 genes Gma, Gmb, and Gmf, even though the large majority of normal individuals, as well as myeloma patients, possess 2 or all 3 of these genes. 4. The types Gm(a+b-f-) and Gm(a-b-f+) represented the 2 major groups among the γ2-myeloma globulins; each comprised roughly 40 per cent. The types Gm(a- b+f-) and Gm(a-b-f-) are minor groups. 5. All Gm(x+) myeloma globulins were also Gm(a+). Approximately half of the Gm(a+) myeloma globulins were Gm(x+). 6. In the majority, but not in all, of Gm(a+) sera the anti-Rh antibodies were clearly Gm(a+). Similarly, the anti-Rh antibodies of Gm(f+) sera were most often, but not always, also Gm(f+). In contrast, only a minor proportion of Gm(b+) anti-Rh sera sensitized red cells to anti-Gm(b).

scholarly journals Individual BFU-E in polycythemia vera produce both erythropoietin dependent and independent progeny

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cashman ◽  
D Henkelman ◽  
K Humphries ◽  
C Eaves ◽  
A Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Erythropoietic progenitors from peripheral blood of normal individuals or patients with polycythemia vera (PV) were cultured in methylcellulose medium containing 2.5 U/ml of erythropoietin (Ep). After 7–9 days, colonies considered to be early stage large bursts were individually removed, resuspended in a small volume of fresh methylcellulose medium, and then divided between 2 dishes. To one of these secondary cultures, sufficient Ep was added to bring the concentration of Ep up to approximately 3 U/ml. To the other was added an equal volume of medium but no Ep. The final concentration of Ep in these cultures was determined to be less than 0.01 U/ml. Nine days later, both types of secondary cultures were scored for the presence of colonies containing 8 or more hemoglobinized erythroblasts. Of 90 primary colonies from 3 normal individuals assessed in this way, 59 gave secondary erythroid colonies in the high Ep cultures, while none gave secondary erythroid colonies in the low Ep cultures. Additional control experiments in which primary colonies from normal individuals were divided into duplicate high Ep cultures showed that on average, the procedure used divided primary colonies equally. Of 109 primary colonies from 5 PV patients that yielded secondary erythroid colonies in the high Ep cultures, 21 yielded no secondary erythroid colonies in the low Ep cultures. The other 88 yielded erythroid colonies in both, but the secondary colonies in the low Ep cultures were consistently smaller in size and significantly fewer in number. Similar results were obtained when primary colonies were generated in cultures to which no Ep was added. These findings indicate that primitive BFU-E in patients with PV can be subdivided into 2 populations: a minor population restricted to the production of erythroid colony-forming cells (Ep- dependent progenitors) that require Ep for their detection, and a major population that is not restricted in this way. In addition, these experiments show that most of the primitive BFU-E that generate Ep- independent progenitors also produce significant numbers of cells that are Ep-dependent.

scholarly journals Individual BFU-E in polycythemia vera produce both erythropoietin dependent and independent progeny

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cashman ◽  
D Henkelman ◽  
K Humphries ◽  
C Eaves ◽  
A Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Polycythemia Vera ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Minor Population ◽  
A Minor

Erythropoietic progenitors from peripheral blood of normal individuals or patients with polycythemia vera (PV) were cultured in methylcellulose medium containing 2.5 U/ml of erythropoietin (Ep). After 7–9 days, colonies considered to be early stage large bursts were individually removed, resuspended in a small volume of fresh methylcellulose medium, and then divided between 2 dishes. To one of these secondary cultures, sufficient Ep was added to bring the concentration of Ep up to approximately 3 U/ml. To the other was added an equal volume of medium but no Ep. The final concentration of Ep in these cultures was determined to be less than 0.01 U/ml. Nine days later, both types of secondary cultures were scored for the presence of colonies containing 8 or more hemoglobinized erythroblasts. Of 90 primary colonies from 3 normal individuals assessed in this way, 59 gave secondary erythroid colonies in the high Ep cultures, while none gave secondary erythroid colonies in the low Ep cultures. Additional control experiments in which primary colonies from normal individuals were divided into duplicate high Ep cultures showed that on average, the procedure used divided primary colonies equally. Of 109 primary colonies from 5 PV patients that yielded secondary erythroid colonies in the high Ep cultures, 21 yielded no secondary erythroid colonies in the low Ep cultures. The other 88 yielded erythroid colonies in both, but the secondary colonies in the low Ep cultures were consistently smaller in size and significantly fewer in number. Similar results were obtained when primary colonies were generated in cultures to which no Ep was added. These findings indicate that primitive BFU-E in patients with PV can be subdivided into 2 populations: a minor population restricted to the production of erythroid colony-forming cells (Ep- dependent progenitors) that require Ep for their detection, and a major population that is not restricted in this way. In addition, these experiments show that most of the primitive BFU-E that generate Ep- independent progenitors also produce significant numbers of cells that are Ep-dependent.

Ionic composition of red cells in fetal, newborn, and adult sheep

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack N. Blechner
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Dissociation Curves ◽  
The Relationship

The concentrations of Na and K in the erythrocytes of the blood of adult, purebred Dorset ewes and their fetuses were determined by flame photometry. With respect to these cations, adult ewes can be divided into two groups; in one, Na is in higher concentration and, in the other, K concentration is higher. In every fetus studied, however, the K concentration exceeded the Na, and there was a higher K and a lower Na concentration than in the maternal erythrocytes. In lambs of mothers with a high Na concentration in their erythrocytes, the transition from the fetal to the adult electrolyte pattern was completed 7 or 8 weeks post partum. The relationship between the ionic composition of the red cells and the O2 dissociation curves in mothers and their fetuses, and in both groups of adult sheep, is discussed. Differences in the concentrations of Na and K in the erythrocytes do not appear to explain the differences in O2 dissociation curves observed among adult sheep.

scholarly journals Opponentindlæg: Verifying personal relationship to the past

1970 ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Sirkku Pihlman
Keyword(s):  
Personal Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Museum Collection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Museum Professionals ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Private Collections

When I read Elina Salminen’s doctoral thesis I found myself many times thinking, why she finds the relationship of the museums and the private collections called museums so very problematic. In cases examined by her, several museum professionals considered these private collections to be of a minor significance from the standpoint of the institutional museums. On the other hand, interviewed private collectors whose collections have been accepted in a professional museum collection did not deal the professional principles of e.g. the permanence of collections. This seems not to be a severe confrontation anyway. 

The Relationship Between Suicidal Thinking and Dating Violence in a Sample of Adolescent Abortion Patients

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen E. Ely ◽  
William R. Nugent ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Mholi Vimbba
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Adolescent Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Suicidal Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between suicidal thinking and adolescent dating violence has not been previously explored in a sample of adolescent abortion patients. Aims: This paper highlights a study where the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking was examined in a sample of 120 young women ages 14–21 seeking to terminate an unintended pregnancy. Methods: The Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale and the Conflict in Adolescent Relationships Scale was used to gather information about psychosocial problems and dating violence so that the relationship between the two problems could be examined, while controlling for the other psychosocial problems. Results: The results suggest that dating violence was related to severity of suicidal thinking, and that the magnitude of this relationship was moderated by the severity of problems with aggression. Conclusions: Specifically, as the severity of participant’s general problems with aggression increased, the magnitude of the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking increased. Limitations of the study and implications for practice are discussed.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Naturally Occurring IgG Autoantibodies to Platelet Cytoskeleton Tropomyosin

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (04) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hou ◽  
Dick Stockelberg ◽  
Jack Kutti ◽  
Hans Wadenvik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Immunoblot Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Platelet Protein ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Cytoskeleton Protein

SummaryWe have observed that naturally occurring serum antibodies generated a 30 Kd band in a platelet immunoblot assay. The target protein had the same molecular weight (30 Kd) under nonreduced and reduced electrophoretic conditions, and could be immunoblotted from either autologous or homologous platelet lysates. Also, the 30 Kd reactive autoantibodies could be totally adsorbed by platelet cytoskeletons. From these data one likely candidate for the autoantibody target was the intracellular platelet protein tropomyosin. Indeed, a commercially available monoclonal antitropomyosin antibody reacted with proteins comigrating with this 30 Kd band; affinity purified human platelet tropomyosin was bound by the antibodies that recognized the 30 Kd protein. This body of evidence conclusively demonstrated that naturally occurring serum autoantibodies reacted with the platelet cytoskeleton protein - tropomyosin. These tropomyosin specific antibodies were found in roughly the same percentage of sera from patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) as from normal individuals.

Plasma Level of IL-1β in Disseminated Intravascular Goagulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Shigehisa Tamaki ◽  
Motoaki Tanigawa ◽  
Mikio Takagi ◽  
Yoshitaka Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Solid Cancer ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Necrosis Factor

SummaryThe plasma level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was determined in normal individuals, patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), patients in the pre-DIC period (within 7 days before the onset of DIC), and non-DIC patients to examine the relationship between DIC and the plasma ILlp level. The plasma IL-1β level was 0-0.085 ng/ml in normal individuals, with little difference being seen according to related age. It was significantly higher in the DIC group (0.19 ± 0.19 ng/ml) than in the pre-DIC group (0.05 ± 0.08 ng/ml) or the non-DIC group (0.09 ± 0.01 ng/ml). The plasma IL-1β level was not markedly elevated in leukemia patients, even in the DIC group, but it was significantly increased in the DIC group of solid cancer patients and was generally elevated in patients with sepsis. It was markedly elevated to 0.39 ± 0.26 ng/ml in patients with organ failure. When mononuclear cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide, it was found that IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor, and tissue factor (TF) were released into the medium, and there was an increase of TF release from endothelial cells incubated with this medium. These results suggest that the increase in IL-Iβ reflected the activation of monocytes and may be an important factor in DIC and its associated organ failure.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

Structuralism as a Pamphlet (On the Book by E. Reinert “How Rich CountriesGot Rich... And Why Poor Countries Stay Poor”. 2nd ed.)

2014 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Theory ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review outlines the connection between E. Reinert’s book and the tradition of structural analysis. The latter allows for the heterogeneity of industries and sectors of the economy, as well as for the effects of increasing and decreasing returns. Unlike the static theory of international trade inherited from the Ricardian analysis of comparative advantage, this approach helps identify the relationship between trade, production, income and population growth. Reinert rehabilitates the “other canon” of economic theory associated with the mercantilist tradition, F. Liszt and the German historical school, as well as a reconside ration of A. Marshall’s analysis of increasing returns. Empirical illustrations given in the book reveal clear parallels with the path of Russian socio-economic development in the last twenty years.

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