Increase of orexin A in the peripheral blood of adolescents with Internet gaming disorder

Background and aims Overindulgence in Internet gaming, which is related to rapid development of the online game industry, can cause a psychiatric disorder known as Internet gaming disorder (IGD). The number of adolescents with IGD is on the rise in countries with developed Internet technologies, such as South Korea. Therefore, it is important to develop biomarkers to detect patients at high risk of IGD. This study investigated expression levels of proteins in the blood of adolescents to provide insight into the development of biomarkers. Methods We collected blood samples from 73 subjects [40 healthy adolescents (Internet gaming control, IGC) and 33 adolescents with IGD] between 13:00 and 15:00. We analyzed the expression levels of orexin A, oxytocin, cortisol, melatonin, BDNF, sICAM-1, RANTES, and NCAM using multiplex assay kits. Results Orexin A was significantly (p = .016) elevated in the IGD group and the expression levels of melatonin tended to be higher (p = .055) in the IGD group. On the other hand, increased Internet gaming time in the IGD group was negatively correlated (p = .041) with expression of BDNF. On the contrary, sICAM-1 associated with inflammation exhibited the tendency of the positive correlation (p = .073) with Internet gaming time in the IGD group. Discussion and conclusions We identified elevation of orexin A in the peripheral blood of adolescents with IGD and a negative correlation between Internet gaming time and BDNF in adolescents with IGD. Our results provide useful information to understand the pathophysiology of IGD in adolescents.

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Circulating MicroRNA Expression Levels Associated With Internet Gaming Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00081 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Minho Lee ◽

Hyeyoung Cho ◽

Seung Hyun Jung ◽

Seon-Hee Yim ◽

Sung-Min Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Microrna Expression ◽

Circulating Microrna ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Internet Gaming

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Modelling the Contribution of Metacognitions, Impulsiveness, and Thought Suppression to Behavioural Addictions in Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073820 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3820

Author(s):

Yaniv Efrati ◽

Daniel C. Kolubinski ◽

Claudia Marino ◽

Marcantonio M. Spada

Keyword(s):

Thought Suppression ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Behavior Disorder ◽

Behavioral Addictions ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Compulsive Sexual Behavior ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Developmental Behavior ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

The most common behavioral addictions in adolescents are Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD), and Problematic Social Networks Use (PSNU). In the present study, we investigated whether thought suppression and impulsiveness mediate the relationship between metacognitions and these three behavioral addictions (IGD, CSBD and PSNU). In Study 1 (n = 471), we examined whether online gaming thought suppression and impulsiveness mediate the relationship between metacognitions and IGD. In Study 2 (n = 453), we examined whether sex thought suppression and impulsiveness mediate the relationship between metacognitions and CSBD. In Study 3 (n = 1004), we examined whether social media thought suppression and impulsiveness mediate the relationship between metacognitions and PSNU. Results of path analysis indicated, across the three studies, the importance of both thought suppression and impulsiveness as mediators between metacognitions and the three behavioral addictions (IGD, CSBD and PSNU) being investigated. These findings provide an opportunity for therapists as well as educators to gain a better insight into the link between metacognitions, thought suppression, impulsiveness, and behavioral addictions as part of developmental behavior among adolescents.

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Imbalanced functional link between executive control network and reward network explain the online-game seeking behaviors in Internet gaming disorder

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep09197 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Guangheng Dong ◽

Xiao Lin ◽

Yanbo Hu ◽

Chunming Xie ◽

Xiaoxia Du

Keyword(s):

Executive Control ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Control Network ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Online Game ◽

Functional Link ◽

Executive Control Network ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Reward Network

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Relationship between the experience of online game genre and high risk of Internet gaming disorder in Korean adolescents

Epidemiology and Health ◽

10.4178/epih.e2020016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e2020016

Author(s):

Hyunho Han ◽

Hyunsuk Jeong ◽

Sun-Jin Jo ◽

Hye Jung Son ◽

Hyeon Woo Yim

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Role Playing ◽

Online Games ◽

The Internet ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Online Game ◽

School Students ◽

Simulation Games ◽

Internet Gaming

OBJECTIVES:This study examined the association between high risk of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and online game genres used by adolescents.METHODS: The data derived from the baseline data of the Internet user Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of gaming disorder in Early Adolescence. A total 1,532 middle school students who use online games included. The participants reported the names of the online games they used during the past year. Game genres were categorized into role playing games (RPGs), shooting, multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA), simulation, arcade, sports and action games. The risk of IGD was measured using the Internet Gaming Use-Elicited symptom Screen. The relationship between the experience of online game genre and high risk of IGD was analyzed using multiple logistic regression model.RESULTS: The game time of a student was longer if he or she had an experience of RPGs, shooting games, MOBA games, simulation games, and action games. The direct and independent association between high risk of IGD in adolescents and the genres of RPGs, simulation games and MOBA were found to be odds ratios 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 2.26); 1.59 (95% CI, 1.03 to 2.45); and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.03 to 2.21), respectively after adjusted the potential confounding variables and the use of other online game genres.CONCLUSIONS: The present cross-sectional study has found an association between online game genres and the risk of IGD in adolescents attending a school. A cohort study should verify the causal association in future.

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Internet Gaming Disorder Scale--Short Form; Polish Version

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t70447-000 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bruno Schivinski ◽

Magdalena Brzozowska-Woś ◽

Erin M. Buchanan ◽

Mark D. Griffiths ◽

Halley M. Pontes

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Polish Version

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Estimated Prevalence of Unreported IGD Cases in Routine Outpatient Children and Adolescent Psychotherapy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6787

Author(s):

Sonja Kewitz ◽

Eva Vonderlin ◽

Lutz Wartberg ◽

Katajun Lindenberg

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Self Report ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Parental Report ◽

Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽

Old Patients ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Icd 10

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been included in the DSM-5 as a diagnosis for further study, and Gaming Disorder as a new diagnosis in the ICD-11. Nonetheless, little is known about the clinical prevalence of IGD in children and adolescents. Additionally, it is unclear if patients with IGD are already identified in routine psychotherapy, using the ICD-10 diagnosis F 63.8 (recommended classification of IGD in ICD-10). This study investigated N = 358 children and adolescents (self and parental rating) of an outpatient psychotherapy centre in Germany using the Video Game Dependency Scale. According to self-report 4.0% of the 11- to 17-year-old patients met criteria for a tentative IGD diagnosis and 14.0% according to the parental report. Of the 5- to 10-year-old patients, 4.1% were diagnosed with tentative IGD according to parental report. Patients meeting IGD criteria were most frequently diagnosed with hyperkinetic disorders, followed by anxiety disorders, F 63.8, conduct disorders, mood disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders (descending order) as primary clinical diagnoses. Consequently, this study indicates that a significant amount of the clinical population presents IGD. Meaning, appropriate diagnostics should be included in routine psychological diagnostics in order to avoid “hidden” cases of IGD in the future.

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