scholarly journals Heritabilities and Genetic Correlations for Yield and Quality Traits of Advanced Generations in a Cross of Peanut1

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Yang Chiow ◽  
J. C. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Yields

Abstract The potential for selecting favorable early maturing Virginia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines from advanced generations following a cross between an early maturing Spanish (ssp. fastigiata var. vulgaris) and a large fruited Virginia type (ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) was evaluated. Variability, broad and narrow-sense heritability and phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated for the parents and 39 progeny lines in F5 and F6 generation grown over four location-year environments. Substantial variability among the progenies was observed for yield, seed weight/20 fruits, meat content and protein content while less variability was observed for fruit length, 20-fruit weight, oil content and a maturity index. Heritability estimates obtained from variance component analysis and parent-offspring regression were highest for yield, meat content and protein content; intermediate for fruit length, 20-fruit weight, seed weight/20 fruits; and lowest for oil content and a maturity index. Genotypic correlations generally were higher than phenotypic correlations. Low phenotypic correlations for the maturity index with yield and yield components suggested the possible recovery of favorable recombinants with early maturity and high yields. Fruit size was highly correlated with seed weight and both were significantly correlated with yield suggesting that selection for large fruit in this population would result in higher yield. Correlations between protein content and yield were low. Oil content was negatively correlated with yield indicating improvement in oil content could result in lower yield. Calculation of the relative efficiency of selection among traits indicated that (a) selection for yield components was not as effective as selection for yield itself, and (b) selection for yield could also increase protein content, several fruit and seed traits but would decrease meat and oil content. Transgressive segregation was observed for all traits studied. Progeny means for all traits were distributed nearer the spanish parent than the virginia parent. However, a few favorable recombinants with early maturity, high yields and large fruits were observed among the progenies.

MUTANTS OBTAINED BY CHRONIC GAMMA IRRADIATION FROM A CARPATHIAN-UKRAINIAN LOCAL SOYBEAN [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] VARIETY: I. M3 AND M4 GENERATIONS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
M. Hajós-Novák ◽  
F. Kőrösi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Method Selection ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Selection For

Mutant soybean germplasm was developed from a Carpathian-Ukrainian local variety, using 100–300 Gy chronic gamma irradiation to obtain lines with improved oil and/or protein content. The mutant germplasm was developed by the pedigree method. Selection for high oil and protein content started in the M3 generation. Plants with 24.1 and 23.6% oil content in the seeds were detected in the M4 generation. There were negative, moderate (r = –0.4) and significant (P<0.1 and P<0.01) correlations between the oil content and the 1000-seed weight in both the M3 and M4 generations. The fatty acid composition in the seeds of plants with high oil content was favourable. It is suggested that selection for oil content in the seeds should be started in the M4 generation. Due to the limited genetic variation for protein content no mutant genotypes with higher protein content than that of the control could be identified.

Genetic variation for seed yield, protein content, oil content, and seed weight in Lupinus albus

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Green ◽  
RN Oram ◽  
BJ Read
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Favourable Environment

The yield, protein content, oil content and weight of seeds of 14 lines of L. albus and of 232 F3 families derived from them have been determined in a favourable environment to assess the potential for the genetic improvement of this species. Yield and protein content exhibited wide variability around mean values of 1705 kg ha-l and 38.4% respectively. Their broad sense heritabilities were 57% and 83% respectively, and neither character showed significant variety x environment interaction when parental lines were grown in two contrasting environments which significantly affected the mean values. These characters were predicted to respond to selection, but progress would be hindered by a genetic correlation between them of –0.53. Oil content had a low mean (9.1%), high heritability (90%), but a low phenotypic variance, and hence would respond little to selection. It also was subject to variety x environment interaction. Seed size should respond readily to selection. No other unfavourable genetic correlations were found between flowering time, yield, protein and oil contents, and seed weight. Transgressive segregation was common in F3 families, many of which had lower protein, higher oil or smaller seeds than either of their parents.

scholarly journals Morpho-agronomic assessment of introductions of butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) from Central America

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 8057-8068
Author(s):  
Giomara Vásquez Gamboa ◽  
Sanín Ortiz Grisales ◽  
Franco Alirio Vallejo Cabrera ◽  
Fredy Antonio Salazar Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Central American ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
Polar Diameter ◽  
High Yields

A Central American collection of butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) was characterized based on a series of morpho-agronomic descriptors and its variability assessed. Floral asynchrony ranging from 10 to 15 days was observed between staminate and pistillate flowers. Differences were also observed among introductions for all quantitative characteristics evaluated (P<0.01). An interaction between introduction and planting cycle (P<0.05) was observed for 50% of the evaluated variables: fruit weight, polar diameter of fruit, wall thickness of fruit, fruit color, days to harvest, and total fruit seed weight. Cluster analysis revealed that groups 3 and 5 gathered introductions presenting high yields and larger, heavier fruits. Group 4 gathered introductions with intermediate yields, high seed production, and thick fruit walls. In all cases, genetic improvement aiming to increase the production of fruit for fresh consumption or agro-industrial purposes as well as the production of oilseed should use introductions from groups 3 and 5 in well-planned crossings with introductions from group 4.

Effects of divergent selection for seed protein content in high-protein vs. food-grade populations of early maturity soybean

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Sato ◽  
Melanie Van Schoote ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl ◽  
Johann Vollmann
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Protein, weight, and oil prediction by single-seed near-infrared spectroscopy for selection of seed quality and yield traits in pea (Pisum sativum).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Hacisalihoglu ◽  
Jelani Freeman ◽  
Paul R. Armstrong ◽  
Brad W. Seabourn ◽  
Lyndon D. Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Pea (Pisum sativum) is a prevalent cool season crop that produces seeds valued for high protein content. Modern cultivars have incorporated several traits that improved harvested yield. However, progress toward improving seed quality has received less emphasis, in part due to the lack of tools for easily and rapidly measuring seed traits. In this study we evaluated the accuracy of single-seed near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for measuring pea seed weight, protein, and oil content. A total of 96 diverse pea accessions were analyzed using both single-seed NIRS and wet chemistry methods. To demonstrate field relevance, the single-seed NIRS protein prediction model was used to determine the impact of seed treatments and foliar fungicides on protein content of harvested dry peas in a field trial. Results: External validation of Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression models showed high prediction accuracy for protein and weight (R2 = 0.94 for both) and less accuracy for oil (R2 = 0.75). Single seed weight was not significantly correlated with protein or oil content in contrast to previous reports. In the field study, the single-seed NIRS predicted protein values were within 1% of an independent analytical reference measurement and were sufficiently precise to detect small treatment effects. Conclusion: The high accuracy of protein and weight estimation show that single-seed NIRS could be used in the dual selection of high protein, high weight peas early in the breeding cycle allowing for faster genetic advancement toward improved pea nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Fruit Set, Fruit Weight, and Yield in a Tomato Population Grown in Two High-temperature Environments

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Wessel-Beaver ◽  
J.W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Selection For

Heritabilities (h2) and genetic correlations between percent fruit set, yield, and fruit weight were estimated from one summer planting each in Florida and Puerto Rico of 100 S, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) families from a synthetic population. Single-location h2 was high for all traits. Across-locations h2 was low for yield, intermediate for fruit set, and high for fruit weight. Genotype × environment interaction (G × E) was 1) the only significant component of variance for yield, 2) somewhat important for fruit set, and 3) not an important variance component for fruit weight. The greater importance of genetic variance compared to G × E variance explains why across-location heritabilities for fruit weight and fruit set were high. Genetic correlations between fruit set and weight were strongly negative, while those between yield and set were large and positive. Yields under high temperatures may increase with selection for fruit set, but a reduction in fruit weight would be expected in this population and those with similar genetic correlations.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Flowering, Maturity, Fruit Yield, and Winter Hardiness of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides)

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xurong Tang ◽  
Peter M.A. Tigerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoides ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Testing Site

Eight characters relating to flowering and maturity, berry yield, and winter hardiness were estimated on the basis of intersubspecific or interprovenance hybrids to determine heterosis, heritability, and genetic and phenotypic correlations in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Two provenances of ssp. rhamnoides, one of Finnish (Fin) and one of Danish (Dan) origin, were dominant to ssp. sinensis and Russian derived provenances (ssp. turkestanica) for most characters related to flowering or maturity. This tendency for dominance or overdominance also extended to berry yield and winter hardiness, except for hybrids between Finnish origins and Siberian (ssp. mongolica) origins. The start of maturity (Ms) and half maturity (Mh) showed the highest heritabilities (h2 = 0.88 and 0.81, respectively). The hybrids were matroclinal, suggesting that Ms and Mh may be sex-linked or cytoplasmically inherited characters. Winter hardiness was the trait with the lowest heritability (h2 = 0.02), suggesting that the climate at the testing site was not severe enough to differentiate variation among half sibs or full sibs derived from Fin x Dan, which on average proved hardier than the native parental provenance Fin. Full maturity (Mf) showed a moderate heritability but was stable across 2 years (rB = 1). High genetic correlations among Mf, Ms, and Mh (rG = 0.94, 0.96, and 1.00, respectively) suggest that these characters were controlled by the same genes. Yield showed a negative genetic correlation with all characters pertaining to flowering and maturity, indicating that selection for early flowering or early maturity should result in a gain in yield.

Selection for crude protein content in Phalaris tuberosa L. III. Physiological relationships between crude protein content and seedling vigour.

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Clements
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Node ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Selection For

Seedling growth of half-sib families from two lines of P. tuberosa previously selected for high and low herbage nitrogen contents respectively was examined in a glasshouse during the autumn and winter. Seedlings from the high nitrogen line were smaller than those of the low nitrogen line but had similar whole-plant relative growth rates. Differences in the rate of nitrogen absorption by the roots (h), and in the rate of seedling weight increase per unit of absorbed nitrogen (EN), accounted for most of the variation in herbage nitrogen content between families. The heights of seedlings were closely correlated with the weights of seeds from which they originated and with EN, and when these two characters were held constant the partial correlation between nitrogen content and seedling weight was negligible (r = -0.05). Among 10 clones differing markedly in herbage nitrogen content in the field, seed weight was closely correlated with the photosynthetic area above the flag leaf node available to each seed, particularly that contributed by the spikelet (r = 0.82***). Two alternative interpretations of this result are discussed. Relationships between nitrogen content, spikelet number, and the areas of photosynthesizing organs above the flag leaf node suggest that seed weight could be maintained during selection for increased nitrogen content by concurrently selecting either for large seeds, or for large flag leaves and a reduced number of spikelets per head. Even so, some loss of actual or potentially attainable seedling vigour seems almost inevitable because of the dependence of nitrogen content on IN and EN and because EN is an important determinant of vigour.

Inheritance of heat tolerance in common bean of Andean origin

1969 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Román-Avilés ◽  
James S. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Selection For

Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars for the Caribbean need greater heat tolerance. The principal objective of this research was to study the inheritance of heat tolerance in an Andean population. Field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (1999-2000) to test the performance of 81 bean lines derived from the cross 'DOR 303/Indeterminate Jamaica Red'. During the summer months, PR9919-116 and PR9919-168 produced significantly greater seed yields than the heat tolerant parent 'Indeterminate Jamaica Red'. Near narrow sense heritability estimates for seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant and number of seed per pod were low to intermediate, ranging from 0.16 to 0.62, thus suggesting that screening for tolerance to higher temperatures should be conducted by using advanced generation lines in replicated trials. Additive genetic correlations between seed yield per plant and number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, and hundred seed weight were positive and significant. There were also positive and significant additive genetic correlations between hundred seed weight and number of pods per plant. Given the large additive genetic correlations between hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant and the high narrow sense heritabilities for hundred seed weight, indirect selection for larger seed size could have been used to select for heat tolerance. The line PR9920-13 had the highest mean seed yield in the winter plantings and the third greatest mean seed yield in the summer plantings. However, the performance of the other lines in the trials suggests that selection for seed yield in the winter months would not guarantee the identification of highyielding lines for the summer months. Selection for adaptation to high temperature environments requires the evaluation of bean lines during the summer months. Mean percentage pollen viability of the lines most tolerant to heat was significantly greater than pollen viability of the heat sensitive lines. Only one breeding line, PR9920-171, combined the heat tolerance of indeterminate Jamaica Red and the resistance to bean golden yellow mosaic virus of DOR 303. 

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