Photosynthetic attributes and seed yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by different levels and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thavaprakash ◽  
G. Senthilkumar ◽  
S. D. Sivakumar ◽  
M. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

A field experiment was conducted at the Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India, on medium black soils during the kharif (wet) season of 1999. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with varying N/P ratios (0.67 to 2.00) along with a control with a constant level of potassium (60 kg ha-1). The results revealed that the number of green leaves plant-1, the dry matter accumulation in the leaves, leaf area (dm2 plant-1) and leaf area index (LAI) increased up to the flowering stage (65 DAS) and thereafter declined. In the early stages (seedling and button stages) there was no significant variation with respect to the number of green leaves plant-1 among the treatments except in the control. Similarly, leaf area and LAI did not vary at the seedling stage. Treatments receiving N/P ratios of ?1.0 or 1.0 with higher doses of nitrogen (120 kg N ha-1) gave a significantly higher number of green leaves plant-1, leaf area and LAI as compared to N/P ratios of <1.0 and the control in later stages. The dry matter accumulation in the leaves (g plant-1) differed in all the stages, but higher values were recorded in these same treatments. Thus, due to the higher number of green leaves, higher LAI and greater dry matter accumulation in the leaves, the treatments with an N/P ratio of ?1.0 or 1.0 with 120 kg N ha-1 produced higher seed yields (3188 to 3554 kg ha-1) than other N/P ratios (2761 to 3009 kg ha-1). The highest yield (3554 kg ha-1) was recorded with an N/P ratio of 1.0 in the treatment receiving 120 kg N and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1. The correlation coefficients between these photosynthetic attributes and seed yield were also positive and significant.

Influence of primed seed and varying seed rate on growth and productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) under different planting techniques

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Kaur Jassal ◽  
Harmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Seed Rate

An experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of priming, different seed rate on growth and seed yield of soybean planted under bed and flat method. The study was planned in factorial split plot design, keeping two planting techniques (flat sowing and bed sowing) and two seed priming treatments ( non primed seeds and 100 ppm GA3 primed seeds) in main plot and three seed levels ( 50, 62.5 and 75 kg ha-1) in sub plot. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming on growth and productivity under different planting techniques with the use of varying seed rates. The results revealed that growth attributes viz. emergence count, plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and photosynthetic active radiation interception (%) was significantly higher under bed planting technique as compared to flat sowing method. The pooled seed yield was increased by 15.6 % in bed planted soybean crop as compared to flat planted crop. Soybean seeds primed with 100 ppm GA3 recorded significant results in all the growth parameters. Primed seed recorded increase in yield 15.3 % than non primed seeds. Seed rate of 62.5 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher emergence count, plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and photosynthetic active radiation interception (%) which was statistically similar in results with 75 kg ha-1 seed rate in both the two years. Pooled seed yield of 62.5 kg ha-1seed rate was 4.61 % higher than 75 kg ha-1 and 12.6 % than 50 kg ha-1 seed rate.

scholarly journals Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as Influenced by Different Plating Pattern Under Okra - Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Intercropping

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
A.K.M.R.B. Maduwanthi ◽  
Brintha Karunarathna
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sole Cropping

Compared to sole cropping, intercropping systems can more efficiently use the existing resources which ultimately lead to improved plant growth and dry matter accumulation. So, most of the farmers in developing countries can follow the intercropping systems with high yielding crop combinations. The experiment was carried out at the Crop Farm of Eastern University, Sri Lanka in 2018 to investigate the growth and dry matter accumulation in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) as influenced by different planting patterns under okra-cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) intercropping in sandy regosol. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Treatments were okra as a sole crop (T1), cowpea as a sole crop (T2), alternative planting of okra and cowpea (T3), 60/150 cm paired row planting of okra with two rows and three rows of cowpea in between paired rows (T4 and T5) and 75/120 cm paired row planting of okra with two rows and three rows of cowpea in between paired rows (T6 and T7). Plant height, root length, fresh and dry weights of plant, leaf area, leaf area index, canopy width and cumulative yield of okra were higher in T5, while chlorophyll content showed no significant difference (P>0.05) with different planting patterns. The present study concluded that 60/150 cm paired row planting of okra with three rows of cowpea in between paired rows (T5) would be the most suitable planting system in sandy regosol to achieve better growth and dry matter in okra.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and seed yield of French bean

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-772
Author(s):  
SS Kakon ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
Q Naher ◽  
Md DH Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production

Field experiments were conducted during rabi (winter) seasons of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, dry matter production and yield of French bean. A randomized complete block design was followed with 10 combinations of N (0,50, 100, 150 and 200) and P (0,22, 33, 44 and 55) kg ha-1 along with a blanket dose of control. All the treatments showed the maximum leaf area index (LAI) at 65 days after sowing (DAS). All the treatments showed the maximum total dry matter production, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate at harvest and at 55-65 DAS, respectively in both the years. LAI, dry matter production, CGR, NAR and seed yield significantly increased with the increase in nitrogen and phosphorus level upto 150 kg N and 44 P kg ha-1 , respectively. Similar trend was followed in maximum number of pods (9.45) and seed yield (1563.33 kg ha-1). The treatment comprises with 150 kg N and 44 P Kg ha-1 gave the highest seed yield which was 51.40 and 54.30 % higher than control plots.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 759-772, December 2016

Plant density and intra-row spacing effects on phenology, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of maize in second cropping

Biologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouf Seyed Sharifi ◽  
Ali Namvar
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spacing Effects

Crop phenology is one of the most important aspects of crop yield determination and it is essential to predicting physiological responses under varying field conditions. In order to evaluate plant density and intra-row spacing effects on phenology, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index of maize in second cropping, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted at the research farm of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Experimental factors were: plant population at three levels (7, 9, and 11 plants m–2) with three levels of intra-row spacing (45, 60, and 75 cm). The results showed that the maximum plant height (179.07  cm), total dry matter (592  g  m–2) in 83–91 days after sowing, days to 50% anthesis (45 days), days to 50% silking (50 days), LAI (4.07) in 63–70 days after sowing were observed in the plots with 11 plants m–2 and intra-row spacing of 45 cm. Based on the results, it was concluded that application of 11 plants m–2 with row spacing of 45 cm can be recommended for profitable maize production.

scholarly journals Influence of sulphur on morpho-physiological and yield parameters of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdousi Begum ◽  
Feroza Hossain ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes

Field experiments were conducted at the Central Research Station of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur during the period from November to February in 2004-05 and 2005-06 to evaluate the effect of different levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/ha) on rapeseed variety BARI Sarisha-15. Results showed that the most of the growth parameters and yield attributes were significantly influenced by different doses of sulphur. The growth parameters, yield and yield contributing characters were increased with the increasing levels of sulphur fertilizer up to 60 kg S/ha and with the doses beyond that were found to decrease. All growth parameters like plant height, leaf area, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and relative growth rate and all yield components, such as number of siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant were found maximum from the treatment with 60 kg S/ha, which was at par with 80 kg S/ha. The highest seed yield (1990 and 1896 kg/ha) were found when S was used @ 60 kg/ha. The same treatment gave 24.71 % and 24.32 % higher seed yield than the control treatment, which were statistically identical with dose at 80 kg /ha of sulphur in both the years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14389 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 645-652, December 2012

scholarly journals Safflower genotype by plant density on yield and phenological characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (s1) ◽  
pp. 145-163
Author(s):  
O.G. Moatshe ◽  
V.E. Emongor ◽  
T.V. Balole ◽  
S.O. Tshwenyane
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Densities

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a temperate plant grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, and is the most drought tolerant oilseed crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype and plant density on growth, phenology and yield of safflower. Treatments included five safflower genotypes and six plant densities laid out in a randomised block design. Increasing plant density from 62,500 to 100,000 plants ha-1 significantly (P < 0.05) increased leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), total leaf chlorophyll content (Tchl) and net assimilation rate (NAR) at all phenological stages in both winter and summer. For all genotypes, the highest LAI, LAD, Tchl, NAR, total dry matter accumulation (TDM) and seed yield resulted at a plant density of 100,000 plants ha-1. Maximum LAI, LAD, NAR and Tchl were observed at 50% flowering, compared to other phenological stages in all genotypes and plant densities. In general, genotype ‘Sina’ at 100,000 plants ha-1 significantly (P < 0.05) had the highest LAI, LAD, Tchl, TDM and seed yield compared to other genotypes and plant densities in both summer and winter.

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽  
Ghulam Qadir ◽  
Obaid Afzal ◽  
Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of wheat at different dates of sowing under chrland ecosystem of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamrozzaman ◽  
MAH Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
N Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

An experiment was conducted at Sadipur charland under Farming System Research and Development Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur, during rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the growth and yield performance of cv. BARI Gom-24 as affected by different dates of sowing under Agro-ecological Zone-12 (AEZ-12) of Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications, comprising five different dates of sowing viz. November 5, November 15, November 25, December 5 and December 15. Results reveal that the tallest plant, leaf area index, total dry matter, and crop growth rate were observed in November 25 sown crop and leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate were higher at booting, grain filling, and tillering stages of the crop. Maximum effective tillers hill-1 (3.49), spikes m-2, (311), number of grains spike-1 (42.20) and 1000-grain weight (52.10 g) were produced by November 25 sown crop exhibited the highest grain (4.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.94 t ha-1) as well as harvest index (46.88%) of the crop. Lowest performance was observed both in early (November 5) and late sown crop (December 15). The overall results indicated that November 25 sown crop showed better performance in respect of growth and yield of wheat under charland ecosystem of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 147-154, December 2016

Source-sink optimization and morpho-physiological response of soybean [Glycine max] to detopping and mepiquat chloride application

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Jaidka ◽  
J.S. Deol ◽  
Ramanjit Kaur ◽  
R. Sikka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Effect of detopping and mepiquat chloride on morphological, physiological and yield attributes of soybean cultivar ‘SL 544’ was studied. A two year investigation was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015. The experiment was laid-out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight treatments viz. control, detopping (removal of 4-5 cm apical portion of main stem) at 50-55 days after sowing (DAS), mepiquat chloride @ 200 ppm (50-55 DAS), mepiquat chloride @ 200 ppm (50-55 + 65-70 DAS), mepiquat chloride 250 ppm (50-55 DAS), mepiquat chloride @ 250 ppm (50-55 + 65-70 DAS), mepiquat chloride @ 300 ppm (50-55 DAS) and mepiquat chloride @ 300 ppm (50-55 + 65-70 DAS) with four replications. Detopping had a non-significant effect on leaf area index, SPAD value, PAR interception, abscission of reproductive parts, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, pod length and stover yield of soybean. It significantly decreased plant height, increased total dry matter accumulation/plant, number of flowers and pods/plant, pod setting percentage and seed yield over control during 2014 and 2015. At crop harvest, detopping developed optimized source-sink relationship by means of distribution of total dry matter between stem, foliage and pods by 20.4, 14.9 and 64.6 % during 2014 while 22.6, 20.1 and 57.4 % during 2015, respectively. Mepiquat chloride posed a non-significant effect on plant height, PAR interception, number of flowers/plant, number of seeds/pod, pod length and stover yield of soybean but it significantly decreased leaf area index, abscission of reproductive parts while increased the dry matter accumulation/plant, number of pods/plant, 100-seed weight and seed yield relative to control. At harvest, two foliar applications of mepiquat chloride @ 250 ppm resulted in optimized source-sink relationship by the distribution of total dry matter among stem, foliage and pods by 20.6, 10.9 and 68.5 % during 2014 while 19.5, 7.6 and 72.9 % during 2015, respectively. Occurrence of more rainfall during 2015 as compared to 2014 caused mepiquat chloride to hike seed yield as compared to detopping which is clearly witnessed by increase in pod dry weight per plant during 2015 than 2014. Conclusively, both detopping and mepiquat chloride resulted in enhancement in source-sink relationship and seed yield of soybean.

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