Digital seed morphometry for genotype identification – Case study of seeds of excavated (15th century Hungary) and current vinegrape (Vitis v. vinifera) varieties

AbstractVenice is considered the best-informed community of the late Middle Ages. The study examines the availability of information for the second half of the 15th century, particularly with regard to the key year 1462/1463, and as a case study concentrates on areas of the supposed Venetian periphery of interest, above all Hungary and the two principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia. The result is a thoroughly differentiated system of information acquisition, verification and control. Means of communication, as well as different areas of interest of the Serenissima, can be identified. A distinction is made between information maps and communication maps. The latter also include the distribution of news from the lagoon city exchanged with foreign envoys. During the period concerned, news was exchanged in an astonishingly liberal way, in turn integrating the Serenissima into the information networks of the other Italian states. The study thus places the „information commodity“ within the research field of late medieval gift exchange and patronage structures. In short, a thoroughly pragmatic Venetian approach to news acquisition and evaluation can be observed. Verification of the quality of the information obtained was subject not least to quantitative and ranking criteria. Ultimately, the informational power of Venice was based above all on its outstanding reputation among its contemporaries.

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Venetian Trading Firm of the Soranzo Brothers (1406-1434) and Its Commercial Network

Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni - Reti marittime come fattori dell’integrazione europea / Maritime Networks as a Factor in European Integration ◽

10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.13 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 229-253

Author(s):

Maria Ryabova

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Late Medieval ◽

15Th Century ◽

Medieval Europe ◽

Merchant Networks ◽

Trading Firm ◽

Commercial Network

This paper contributes to the discussion of merchant networks in late medieval Europe by presenting a case study of the Soranzo fraterna, a Venetian trading firm which comprised brothers Donado, Giacomo (Jacopo), Piero, and Lorenzo Soranzo and operated in the first half of the 15th century, specializing mainly in the import of raw cotton from Syria. The author applies the methodology of so-cial network analysis (SNA) in order to reconstruct the egocentric (ego-centered) network of ties linking the Soranzo firm (“the ego”) with its partners and clients (“alters”).

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Plague, Practice, and Prescriptive Text

Journal of Law Religion and State ◽

10.1163/22124810-2020014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2-3) ◽

pp. 152-178

Author(s):

Moshe Dovid Chechik ◽

Tamara Morsel-Eisenberg

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Early Modern Period ◽

16Th Century ◽

15Th Century ◽

Modern Period ◽

The Status ◽

Accepted Practice ◽

At Home

Abstract This article studies the fate of a contradiction between practice and prescriptive text in 16th-century Ashkenaz. The practice was fleeing a plagued city, which contradicted a Talmudic passage requiring self-isolation at home when plague strikes. The emergence of this contradiction as a halakhic problem and its various forms of resolution are analyzed as a case study for the development of halakhic literature in early modern Ashkenaz. The Talmudic text was not considered a challenge to the accepted practice prior to the early modern period. The conflict between practice and Talmud gradually emerged as a halakhic problem in 15th-century rabbinic sources. These sources mixed legal and non-legal material, leaving the status of this contradiction ambiguous. The 16th century saw a variety of solutions to the problem in different halakhic writings, each with their own dynamics, type of authority, possibilities, and limitations. This variety reflects the crystallization of separate genres of halakhic literature.

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Molecular and osteometric sexing of cattle metacarpals: a case study from 15th century AD Beja, Portugal

Journal of Archaeological Science ◽

10.1016/j.jas.2011.12.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1445-1454 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Simon J.M. Davis ◽

Emma M. Svensson ◽

Umberto Albarella ◽

Cleia Detry ◽

Anders Götherström ◽

...

Keyword(s):

15Th Century

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Sustainable Conservation of Architectural Heritage. A Case Study of Negova Castle, Slovenia

Resourceedings ◽

10.21625/resourceedings.v2i2.603 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Nataša Jurgec Gurnick ◽

Ljubo Lah

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Social Needs ◽

Architectural Heritage ◽

Cultural Economic ◽

15Th Century ◽

Object Based ◽

Crucial Component ◽

Inclusive Approach ◽

Sustainable Conservation

A more focused and inclusive approach to the conservation of architectural heritage can make a positive cultural, economic and social contribution to the well-being of our society. Architectural heritage has been recognized as a crucial component of sustainable built environment and approaches to conservation of architectural heritage are evolving. The case study of Negova Castle examines the effects of a traditional, object-based approach to conservation of the architectural heritage compared to a reconfigured sustainable approach which supports the importance of sustainable development. Since 2006, the Negova Castle Complex has gone through a thorough restoration process and in 2012 restored buildings were open to the public; the restoration followed traditional object-based conservation practices. The buildings were restored as monuments of the past with little consideration of current social and economic norms. The main building, a 15th century castle, was left untouched due to the lack of financing. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief analysis of the current situation of Negova Castle, to challenge the traditional object-based approach and its criteria for the evaluation of heritage authenticity which was applied to the restored buildings and, subsequently, to identify holistic, sustainable approaches with adaptive reuse strategies suitable for the 15th century castle. By analyzing the Negova Castle project, it becomes evident that it is very hard to protect, preserve and manage the site's architectural heritage for the future without understanding and properly balancing its contemporary and sustained values and without meeting the current social needs. The goal of this study is to propose an approach that addresses the architectural integrity of the Old Castle and to reduce interventions in its fabric while contributing to the greater integration of architectural heritage owners and other stakeholders into the sustainable conservation process and management of the Negova Castle Complex.

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Double Portraiture in Art: The Couple Connection

Journal of Education Culture and Society ◽

10.15503/jecs2021.1.357.374 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 357-374

Author(s):

Ruth Dorot

Keyword(s):

Married Couples ◽

The Self ◽

Northern Europe ◽

Collective Case Study ◽

Second Stage ◽

15Th Century ◽

Light And Shadow ◽

Double Portraiture ◽

Selection Of

Aim. The aim of this article is to examine and trace a selection of double portraits all adhering to social codes and norms, from the Renaissance to the present day depicting married couples who were well known in their day and highlighting that artistic fashion especially in northern Europe. Double portraits of a man and a woman are psychologically complex, since they usually provide a visual document of an emotional relationship. The artists’ styles of presentation analyse the characters and relationships of the couples as well as their social status. Methods. The method applied in this paper was that of a qualitative collective case-study based on specific paintings, the comparing and contrasting of which leads to general conclusions. Ten double portraits were selected. They portray well known figures and were painted by a variety of artists. In the second stage, the chosen works were sorted and catalogued chronologically to reflect diversity in terms of people, professions or status. Next, they were analysed on the basis of the language of plastic art: line, colour, light and shadow, composition and overall unifying organization. Results and Conclusions. Since art reflects reality, I demonstrated the development of the field of double portraits across time and how it clearly reflects social change in the role and perception of the wife. Parallel to the development and change in art from the 15th century to the present day, the topic of the double portrait has also changed; each era had its prevailing conventions in terms of fashion, customs, a woman’s status, the development of technology and industry, freedom, liberation, and ‘artistic license’ that surprised, shocked and changed world orders. All these left their mark on the double portrait, which has come a long way from the height of formality to the hovering Chagall and Bella, or the self-annihilation of Picasso.

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The Church Tower of Santiago Apóstol in Montilla: An Eco-Sustainable Rehabilitation Proposal

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12177104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 7104

Author(s):

M. Araceli Calvo-Serrano ◽

Isabel L. Castillejo-González ◽

Francisco Montes-Tubío ◽

Pilar Mercader-Moyano

Keyword(s):

Environmental Economic ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Social Impact ◽

Main Question ◽

Construction Sector ◽

15Th Century ◽

Starting Point ◽

Cultural Interest ◽

The Church

Is it possible to carry out eco-sustainable rehabilitations on specially protected buildings? This is the main question and starting point for this research. We will use the tower of the Church of “Santiago Apóstol” in Montilla as a case study; with its most remote antecedents in the 15th century, it is an emblematic building of one of the most important cities in the Cordovan countryside and is listed as an Asset of Cultural Interest (Bien de Interés Cultural or BIC) as of 2001. The application of eco-efficiency criteria in the rehabilitation of this type of building might stimulate the reactivation of the construction sector in the rural area, positively impacting the promotion of a circular economy. To this end, a general methodology has been established for carrying out eco-sustainable renovations on this type of building, which defines indicators for evaluating the eco-sustainability of such interventions. This methodology is applied to the case study of this important building in Montilla to ensure that a feasible intervention has been proposed, aligned with three basic pillars of sustainability that considers its environmental, economic, and social impact.

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Signorie e relazioni interstatali. Pratiche, legittimazione e contestazione del potere locale lungo la frontiera alpina dello stato di Milano (XV secolo)

10.36253/978-88-5518-427-4.05 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 67-87

Author(s):

Massimo Della Misericordia

Keyword(s):

Middle Ages ◽

Political Competition ◽

The Political ◽

Cultural Minority ◽

15Th Century ◽

Late Middle Ages ◽

Local Actors ◽

Individual Protection ◽

The Relationship

This essay analyzes the ways in which rural lordship was legitimized, maintained and sometimes contested in the late Middle Ages. The focus is not on the local societies and the political competition within the regional state, but rather on the position of seigneurial power in the interstices of international relations. Specifically, the dynamics of the frontier allowed the lords to enforce their power, but produced situations that put their authority in risk, providing opportunities for their subjects to contrast it. Political brokerage is the key to exploring the competition and the relationship between a variety of local actors and the state authorities. The source I selected is the Carteggio sforzesco, consisting of the written correspondence between these protagonists. From this viewpoint and thanks to records rich in narrative and descriptive contents, I will try to reconstruct economic tensions, military instability, the need for diplomatic agreements and for individual protection, that define the relationship between the Duchy of Milan, Valais, Switzerland and Grisons. Finally I will go into depth in the case-study of Val Formazza, where the domination of the lords family was in decline during the 15th Century, while local protagonists of this diversified local world – highlanders of lower social conditions settled in a peripheral valley forming an ethno-cultural minority of German speakers – were capable.

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Evidence of tuberculosis among children in medieval (13th–15th century) Wrocław: A case study of hip joint tuberculosis in a juvenile skeleton excavated from the crypt of the St. Elizabeth church

Anthropological Review ◽

10.1515/anre-2017-0014 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 219-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Agata Izabela Cieślik

Keyword(s):

Hip Joint ◽

Skeletal Remains ◽

Material Source ◽

Skeletal Tuberculosis ◽

The Past ◽

15Th Century ◽

Reliable Diagnosis ◽

The Right ◽

The Church

AbstractPaleopathological examinations of the skeletal remains of people who died centuries ago are material source of knowledge about health and diseases in the past. In this article, a case of skeletal tuberculosis from historical (13th-15th c.) Wrocław, Poland has been presented. The juvenile skeleton excavated from grave No 93, from the crypt located under the church of St. Elizabeth, displayed pathological lesions within the right hip joint resulting from a chronic inflammation, which might have been assigned to signs typical for skeletal tuberculosis. The results of macroscopic and radiological analyses appeared to be consistent, and allowed to determine a reliable diagnosis of this paleopathological case.

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Die Aufzeichnung des Nicht-Sagbaren. Annäherung an die kommunikative Funktion der Bilder in den Fechtbüchern des Hans Talhofer

Das Mittelalter ◽

10.1515/mial-2014-0017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eric Burkart

Keyword(s):

Communication Strategies ◽

Martial Art ◽

15Th Century ◽

The Relationship ◽

Point Of Departure

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the communication strategies of medieval fightbooks and the purpose of integrated depictions of their authors and addressees. The point of departure is a series of three articles written by Jan-Dirk Müller between 1992 and 1994, in which he analyses the relationship between mnemonic verses, glosses and didactic images in the tradition of the fencing master Johannes Liechtenauer. On the basis of a case study on the five surviving 15th century manuscripts ascribed to Hans Talhofer, who also stands in the tradition of Liechtenauer, the description of his personal martial art by the use of didactic images is examined.

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