Fertilizer effects in a triticale monoculture on sandy soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Imre Kádár ◽  
Péter Ragályi
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
List Type

Az MTA ATK TAKI Őrbottyáni Kísérleti Telepén karbonátos homoktalajon beállított NPK műtrágyázási tartamkísérlet 36–43. évében, 2006 és 2013 között vizsgáltuk a műtrágyázás hatását a tritikále fejlődésére, termésére és elemfelvételére. A termőhely talaja a főbb tápelemekben (N, P, K) gyengén ellátott, a szántott réteg 1% körüli CaCO3-ot és 1% humuszt tartalmaz. Az altalaj erősen karbonátos, az agyagos rész 5–10%. A talajvíz 8–10 m mélyen található, a terület aszályérzékeny. Évente a P- (0, 60, 120 kg P2O5·ha−1) és K-műtrágyákat (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg K2O·ha−1) ősszel szántás előtt, valamint a N (0, 80, 160 kg N·ha−1) felét ősszel, a másik felét tavasszal szórtuk ki 25%-os pétisó, 18%-os szuperfoszfát és 50%-os kálisó formájában. A kísérletből levonható főbb tanulságok:Talajgazdagító PK-műtrágyázás eredményeképpen a kontrolltalaj igen gyenge PK-ellátottsága a kielégítő 150–200 mg·kg−1 NH4-acetát+EDTA-oldható tartományba emelkedett a kísérlet 41. évében (2011-ben). A szuperfoszfáttal végzett trágyázás eredményeképpen igazolhatóan nőtt a feltalaj oldható S- és Sr-tartalma, mely az alkalmazott hazai Kóla-alapú/nyersanyagú eredetre vezethető vissza. A hazai szuperfoszfátok 18–22% körüli elemi Ca-, 13% S-, 7–8% P-, 1–2% Srkészlettel rendelkeztek.Nemcsak a homoktalaj rendkívül heterogén, hanem a rajta fejlődő termés mennyisége is extrém szórásokat mutatott. Az évek és kezelések között egy nagyságrendet elérő különbségek adódtak. Az évek átlagait tekintve ötszörös eltéréseket tapasztaltunk. Az „évhatások” kifejezettek voltak. Termésdepresszió léphet fel egyaránt az aszály/vízhiány és a túlbő csapadék fennállása esetén.A P-kínálattal nőtt a növényi részek P-, Mn- és Sr-készlete, míg a beépült Znmennyiség visszaesett. Fellépett a P-Mn szinergizmus, illetve a P-Zn antagonizmus. A Mo-koncentráció a növekvő NPK-műtrágyázással a szalmában 1/3-ára, a szemtermésben a felére zuhant.A vizsgált nyolc év alapján még nem ítélhető meg, hogy a tritikále mennyire alkalmas a monokultúrás termesztésre, de összevetve a telepen 52 éves ún. „örökrozs” kísérletünkkel, ez lehetővé válhat a jövőben.

Book Reviews

Tempo ◽  
1995 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Keyword(s):  
List Type

Volume I of Messiaen's ‘Traite’, ‘Music and Color’, and organ recordings Christopher DingleRobert Craft's Stravinsky memoirs and recordings Rodney Lister

Open discussion

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 605-613
Author(s):  
P. S. Conti
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
List Type ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ring Nebulae

Conti: One of the main conclusions of the Wolf-Rayet symposium in Buenos Aires was that Wolf-Rayet stars are evolutionary products of massive objects. Some questions:–Do hot helium-rich stars, that are not Wolf-Rayet stars, exist?–What about the stability of helium rich stars of large mass? We know a helium rich star of ∼40 MO. Has the stability something to do with the wind?–Ring nebulae and bubbles : this seems to be a much more common phenomenon than we thought of some years age.–What is the origin of the subtypes? This is important to find a possible matching of scenarios to subtypes.

Solar Corona Investigation by the Coronal Line Photometer at Lomnický Peak

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
M. Minarovjech ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
High Time ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Coronal Line ◽  
Global Cycle

AbstractThis paper deals with a possibility to use the ground-based method of observation in order to solve basic problems connected with the solar corona research. Namely:1.heating of the solar corona2.course of the global cycle in the corona3.rotation of the solar corona and development of active regions.There is stressed a possibility of high-time resolution of the coronal line photometer at Lomnický Peak coronal station, and use of the latter to obtain crucial observations.

The LDE-Type Flare Occurrence (1969-1993)

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
A. Antalová
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Cycle Maximum ◽  
Flare Index

AbstractThe occurrence of LDE-type flares in the last three cycles has been investigated. The Fourier analysis spectrum was calculated for the time series of the LDE-type flare occurrence during the 20-th, the 21-st and the rising part of the 22-nd cycle. LDE-type flares (Long Duration Events in SXR) are associated with the interplanetary protons (SEP and STIP as well), energized coronal archs and radio type IV emission. Generally, in all the cycles considered, LDE-type flares mainly originated during a 6-year interval of the respective cycle (2 years before and 4 years after the sunspot cycle maximum). The following significant periodicities were found:• in the 20-th cycle: 1.4, 2.1, 2.9, 4.0, 10.7 and 54.2 of month,• in the 21-st cycle: 1.2, 1.6, 2.8, 4.9, 7.8 and 44.5 of month,• in the 22-nd cycle, till March 1992: 1.4, 1.8, 2.4, 7.2, 8.7, 11.8 and 29.1 of month,• in all interval (1969-1992):a)the longer periodicities: 232.1, 121.1 (the dominant at 10.1 of year), 80.7, 61.9 and 25.6 of month,b)the shorter periodicities: 4.7, 5.0, 6.8, 7.9, 9.1, 15.8 and 20.4 of month.Fourier analysis of the LDE-type flare index (FI) yields significant peaks at 2.3 - 2.9 months and 4.2 - 4.9 months. These short periodicities correspond remarkably in the all three last solar cycles. The larger periodicities are different in respective cycles.

Discussion following the presentation by F. Deubner

1977 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Keyword(s):  
List Type ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Harmonic Motion ◽  
Locally Excited ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Coherent Wave ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Global Modes

The discussion was separated into 3 different topics according to the separation made by the reviewer between the different periods of waves observed in the sun :1) global modes (long period oscillations) with predominantly radial harmonic motion.2) modes with large coherent - wave systems but not necessarily global excitation (300 s oscillation).3) locally excited - short period waves.

Prominences and Solar Activity

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 357-372
Author(s):  
Z. Švestka
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Flare Loops ◽  
Filament Activation

The following subjects were discussed:(1)Filament activation(2)Post-flare loops.(3)Surges and sprays.(4)Coronal transients.(5)Disk vs. limb observations.(6)Solar cycle variations of prominence occurrence.(7)Active prominences patrol service.Of all these items, (1) and (2) were discussed in most detail and we also pay most attention to them in this report. Items (3) and (4) did not bring anything new when compared with the earlier invited presentations given by RUST and ZIRIN and therefore, we omit them.

A New System For Optomanual Semiautomatic Quantitative Image Analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
H.P. Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
List Type ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Point Counting ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Point Density ◽  
Electronic Counting

Today, in image analysis the broadest possible rationalization and economization have become desirable. Basically, there are two approaches for image analysis: The image analysis through the so-called scanning methods which are usually performed without the human eye and the systems of optical semiautomatic analysis completely relying on the human eye.The new MOP AM 01 opto-manual system (fig.) represents one of the very promising approaches in this field. The instrument consists of an electronic counting and storing unit, which incorporates a microprocessor and a keyboard for choice of measuring parameters, well designed for easy use.Using the MOP AM 01 there are three possibilities of image analysis:the manual point counting,the opto-manual point counting andthe measurement of absolute areas and/or length (size distribution analysis included).To determine a point density for the calculation of the corresponding volume density the intercepts lying within the structure are scanned with the light pen.

Electron Microscope Observations of Mechanical Metamorphism in Iron Meteorites

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
D. Faulkner ◽  
G.W. Lorimer ◽  
H.J. Axon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Defect Structure ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
List Type ◽  
Iron Meteorites

It is now generally accepted that meteorites are fragments produced by the collision of parent bodies of asteroidal dimensions. Optical metallographic evidence suggests that there exists a group of iron meteorites which exhibit structures similar to those observed in explosively shock loaded iron. It seems likely that shock loading of meteorites could be produced by preterrestrial impact of their parent bodies as mentioned above.We have therefore looked at the defect structure of one of these meteorites (Trenton) and compared the results with those made on a) an unshocked ‘standard’ meteorite (Canyon Diablo)b) an artificially shocked ‘standard’ meteorite (Canyon Diablo) andc) an artificially shocked specimen of pure α-iron.

Hydration Chamber for Jeolco 200 Kv Microscope

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
V. R. Matricardi ◽  
G. G. Hausner ◽  
D. F. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Equilibrium Vapor Pressure

In order to observe room temperature hydrated specimens in an electron microscope, the following conditions should be satisfied: The specimen should be surrounded by water vapor as close as possible to the equilibrium vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the specimen.The specimen grid should be inserted, focused and photo graphed in the shortest possible time in order to minimize dehydration.The full area of the specimen grid should be visible in order to minimize the number of changes of specimen required.There should be no pressure gradient across the grid so that specimens can be straddled across holes.Leakage of water vapor to the column should be minimized.

Modification of Pineal Ultrastructure by Exogenous Hormones

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
R. A. Turner ◽  
A. E. Rodin ◽  
D. K. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Gonadal Atrophy ◽  
Pineal Ultrastructure

There have been many reports which establish a relationship between the pineal and sexual structures, including gonadal hypertrophy after pinealectomy, and gonadal atrophy after injection of pineal homogenates or of melatonin. In order to further delineate this relationship the pineals from 5 groups of female rats were studied by electron microscopy:ControlsPregnant ratsAfter 4 weekly injections of 0.1 mg. estradiol benzoate.After 8 daily injections of 150 mcgm. melatonin (pineal hormone).After 8 daily injections of 3 mg. serotonin (melatonin precursor).No ultrastructural differences were evident between the control, and the pregnancy and melatonin groups. However, the estradiol injected animals exhibited a marked increase in the amount and size of rough endoplasmic reticulum within the pineal cells.

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