Evaluation of the on-line electrical conductivity of milk in mastitic dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Gáspárdy ◽  
Gil Ismach ◽  
Árpád Bajcsy ◽  
Gyula Veress ◽  
Szilárd Márkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
On Line

Mastitis is a persistent, inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue, which entails a decline in potassium, and is also responsible for a higher somatic cell count (SCC) and electrical conductivity (EC) of milk. The measurement of EC is an indirect, rapid method to detect subclinical mastitis from milk. The aim of this study was to analyse the EC of milk throughout the lactation, around the day of mastitis detection, and also to estimate its heritability based on data from a large-scale dairy farm. Shortly after calving the EC value generally decreases; however, it was discovered that from the thirteenth week onwards, substantial differences arise between the mastitic and healthy groups of cows. The authors observed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in EC before the detection of clinical mastitis. This higher value (around 11 mS) persisted for 4 days, then it gradually returned to the normal level. The EC of milk from daughters sired by different bulls responded differently in case of mastitis. The heritability of EC seems to be high (h2 = 0.56). Therefore, the EC trait can be a beneficial indicator in detecting mastitis and should be considered in sire selection.

scholarly journals The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tvarožková ◽  
Vašíček ◽  
Uhrinčať ◽  
Mačuhová ◽  
Hleba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Milk Samples

Mastitis is a major health problem of the udder in dairy sheep breeds. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used. The presence of pathogens in the udder causes the increase of leukocytes and thus SCC in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogens in the milk of ewes and the possible relationship with SCC. The changes of leukocytes subpopulation in milk samples with high SCC were evaluated as well. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm with the Lacaune breed. This study was conducted on 45 ewes (98 milk samples) without signs of clinical mastitis. Based on somatic cell count, samples were divided to five SCC groups: SCC1 &lt; 200 000 cells/ml (45 milk samples); 200 000 ≤ SCC2 &lt; 400 000 cells/ml (10 milk samples); 400 000 ≤ SCC3 &lt; 600 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); 600 000 ≤ SCC4 &lt; 1 000 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); SCC5 ≥ 1 000 000 cells/ml (31 milk samples). No pathogens were observed in the majority of milk samples (60.20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most commonly isolated pathogens from the milk of ewes (86.11%). Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence from CNS (35.48%). In the SCC5 group, up to 79.31% of bacteriological samples were positive. The percentage of leukocytes significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) in the samples with higher SCC (≥ 200 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/ml) in comparison to the group SCC1. Also, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was significantly higher with increasing SCC (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the presented results showed that the high SCC was caused by the presence of the pathogen in milk. Thus SCC &lt; 200 000 cells/ml and leukocyte subpopulation, especially PMNs, could be considered as important tools in udder health programs applied in dairy ewes.

scholarly journals Sub-Clinical Mastitis and Reproduction: Season, Parity and Stage of Lactation Effects on Conception Rate and Milk Somatic Cell Count

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolah Mirzaei ◽  
Tahereh Ararooti ◽  
Mohsen Ghavami ◽  
Amin Tamadon
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Reproduction Season

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of subclinical mastitis (somatic cell count (SCC)>250000 cells/ml) on the fertility of Holstein dairy cows in different parities, lactation stages and seasons. Data of 2437 SCC in a dairy farm including number of insemination, pregnancy detection, date of calving and insemination, SCC after insemination (maximum of 30 days), and parity were evaluated. The rate of subclinical mastitis in the first, second, third and fourth and more lactation number was 18.8%, 25.7%, 26.5% and 35.4%, respectively and in spring, summer, autumn and winter was 24.5%, 19.7%, 18.5% and 33.6%, respectively. Conception rate of cows with subclinical mastitis (24.6%) was lower than cows without subclinical mastitis (30.9%; P=0.003). In addition, the conception rate in the second and third lactation in cows with subclinical mastitis was significantly lower than in cows without subclinical mastitis. The conception rate of cows with subclinical mastitis in summer in the second lactation and in winter in the second and third lactation was significantly lower than in cows without subclinical mastitis. Therefore, subclinical mastitis in mid lactation stage and also in the second and third parities especially in summer and winter can disturb fertility more than the other conditions. Also, considering these facts during these periods of times in managing of subclinical mastitis can improve fertility outcome of the herd.

Association between Somatic Cell Count, Electric Conductivity and pH in Diagnosis of Subclinical Mastitis in Crossbred Cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekhar Sahu ◽  
S. Nanavati ◽  
S. S. Tomar ◽  
D. S. Yadav ◽  
M. S. Jamra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Crossbred Cows

The objective of the present study was to determine the relation between somatic cell count (SCC), Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of milk for diagnosis of subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM). For this a total of 120 samples were collected from crossbred cows of organised and norganised dairy farms for determination of EC, SCC and pH. On the basis of SCC, the cows were categorized as healthy(SCC below 2×105 per ml), subclinical mastitis (SCC in the range 2×105 - 3×105 per ml)and mastitis(SCC more than 3×105 per ml).The values of milk SCC and EC were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in crossbred cows having subclinical and clinical mastitis. Milk pH ranged from 6.48 to 6.62 in healthy and subclinical cases,whereas pH 7.03 was observed in clinical mastitis cases. There was a significant positive correlation (P less than 0.05) between SCC, EC and milk pH.

Correlations among the somatic cell count of individual bulk milk, result of the California Mastitis Test and bacteriological status of the udder in dairy cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sz. Jánosi ◽  
Zs. Baltay
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bulk Milk

In a survey of about 3000 dairy cows producing low somatic cell count (SCC) milk and kept on a large-scale dairy farm, California Mastitis Test (CMT) positivity was found in 2714 udder quarters of 1491 cows. Pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from 57.6% of these 2714 udder quarters during bacteriological examination. The commonest pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 41%) and Staphylococcus aureus (32.5%); however, udder infections caused by environmental streptococci (12.8%) and coliform bacteria (6.8%) were also common. All pathogens resulted in a significant increase of the SCC in individual bulk milk (IBM) samples. In the case of CNS, this SCC elevation in IBM was significantly lower than in the case of infection by the other pathogens. In spite of this, because of the high number of udder infections caused by CNS, the adverse effect exerted by CNS on dairy herds is considered to be substantial. It was found that 54.6% of all CMT-positive cows produced IBM of an SCC below 400 thousand per ml. The milk produced by 41% of the 315 cows excreting S. aureus also had an SCC below 400 thousand per ml. This poses a serious risk of infection to the healthy herdmates. At the same time, 11% of the infected cows produced IBM with an SCC below 100 thousand per ml. On the basis of these findings, only the regular analysis of SCC of IBM can be a reliable indicator of chronic intramammary infection. As the SCC of milk produced by CMT-positive cows (and especially of those excreting pathogens) tended to increase with advancing lactation, the authors suggest that an efficient drying-off therapy should be used to restore udder health and, whenever justified, culling of cows cannot be avoided either.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of clinical and subclinical mastitis in a rural property in Carambeí, State of Paraná

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e32310313411
Author(s):  
Djalma Cesar Clock ◽  
Gislaine Gabardo ◽  
Josiel Rodrigues da Luz ◽  
Giovani Mansani de Araujo Avila
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The aim of the present study was to diagnose clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis in a property in the municipality of Carambeí-PR. 86 dairy cows were diagnosed in two evaluations carried out on July 23 and November 4, 2020. The detection of clinical mastitis was performed by testing the black-bottomed mug, whereas the detection of animals with sub-clinical mastitis by the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and laboratory analysis of bacteria and fungi present. In the first evaluation, 9.4% of the animals had mastitis, while in the second 5.16% of the herd. The milk of the animals that tested positive were submitted to laboratory analysis. In the first evaluation, they were diagnosed with an incidence of 15% Escherichia coli, 15% Prothoteca / yeast, 23% Staphlococcus aureus, 46% Streptococcus agalactiae. In the second evaluation, there was an incidence of 25% Enterococcus sp. and 25% S. agalactiae, the other animals showed 50% Staphlococcus non aureus. There was a higher occurrence of subclinical mastitis in the property, in both evaluations. There was a reduction from the first to the second evaluation in the incidence of cases of subclinical mastitis and the cases of clinical mastitis were resolved. Contributing to the lower disposal of milk caused by the high somatic cell count.

Evaluation of the udder health status in subclinical mastitis affected dairy cows through bacteriological culture, somatic cell count and thermographic imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bortolami ◽  
E. Fiore ◽  
M. Gianesella ◽  
M. Corrò ◽  
S. Catania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacteriological Culture ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Thermographic Imaging

Abstract Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is a big economic loss for farmers. The monitoring of subclinical mastitis is usually performed through Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in farm but there is the need of new diagnostic systems able to quickly identify cows affected by subclinical infections of the udder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of thermographic imaging compared to SCC and bacteriological culture for infection detection in cow affected by subclinical mastitis and possibly to discriminate between different pathogens. In this study we evaluated the udder health status of 98 Holstein Friesian dairy cows with high SCC in 4 farms. From each cow a sample of milk was collected from all the functional quarters and submitted to bacteriological culture, SCC and Mycoplasma spp. culture. A thermographic image was taken from each functional udder quarter and nipple. Pearson’s correlations and Analysis of Variance were performed in order to evaluate the different diagnostic techniques. The most frequent pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and others. The Somatic Cell Score (SCS) was able to discriminate (p<0.05) cows positive for a pathogen from cows negative at the bacteriological culture except for cows with infection caused by CNS. Infrared thermography was correlated to SCS (p<0.05) but was not able to discriminate between positive and negative cows. Thermographic imaging seems to be promising in evaluating the inflammation status of cows affected by subclinical mastitis but seems to have a poor diagnostic value.

scholarly journals Mycoplasmal mastitis in dairy cows in the Moghan region of Ardabil State, Iran : short communication

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ghazaei
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Bulk Tank

Mycoplasmas are an important and economically significant cause of mastitis in dairy cows in various parts of the world. The organisms are highly contagious, with the main reservoir of infection originating from cows with subclinical mastitis. In 1998 the 1st cases of bovine mastitis due to Mycoplasma bovis were diagnosed in Ardabil State, Iran. An investigation was carried out with the aim of establishing the extent of mycoplasma infections in dairy cows in Ardabil State. Milk samples obtained from 80 cows with clinical mastitis were cultured in the laboratory for the presence of mycoplasmas. Similarly, 48 bulk-tank milk samples were examined for the presence of mycoplasmas. A modified Hayflick broth was used to isolate the mycoplasmas and an immunoperoxidase test used for the species identification of the isolates. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated from 39 (48.75 %) of the clinical mastitis samples and from 48 of the bulk-tank milk samples tested. This indicated that mycoplasma udder infections were more prevalent in dairy cows in Ardabil State than previously thought.

scholarly journals An Overview of Specific Pathogens in Goat Mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Cristiana Ștefania NOVAC ◽  
Sanda ANDREI ◽  
Nicodim Iosif FIȚ
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aetiological Agent ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intramammary Infections

Goat milk ranks fourth in terms of global milk production and lately it has become increasingly popular among consumers. Unfortunately, mastitis is one of the most common diseases that affects dairy goats, with serious economic consequences and food safety matters. The prevalence of clinical mastitis is lower than 5% and the main aetiological agent is S. aureus. On the other hand, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis is between 5-30%, with coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) representing the most often isolated microorganisms.The aim of this paper is to highlight the main aspects regarding the aetiology of goat mastitis, as well as the importance of the milk somatic cell count (MSCC) in the diagnosis process. Although the inflammation of the mammary gland in goats is not as frequently diagnosed compared to cow mastitis, there are several aspects worth discussing in order to fully understand the pathogenesis of intramammary infections.

scholarly journals Spatial Dependence of Udder Surface Temperature Variation in Dairy Cows with Healthy Status and Mastitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodes Ângelo Batista da Silva ◽  
Héliton Pandorfi ◽  
Gledson Luiz Pontes de Almeida ◽  
Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro ◽  
Marcos Vinícius da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Variability Pattern ◽  
Thermographic Camera ◽  
Positive Classification

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to assess the spatial variability pattern concerning udder surface temperature in dairy cows that were healthy and in those with mastitis. A total of 24 animals were selected - eight healthy, eight with subclinical mastitis, and eight with clinical mastitis. Images were taken with a Flir i60 thermographic camera - resolution of 0.01°C, focal length of 1.0 m, and emissivity adjusted to 0.98 - between 05:00 and 07:00, totaling 96 images, three per animal, of the front and rear, right and left mammary quarters. Analyses were run through geostatistics, with semivariogram adjustment to validate the theoretical model and build kriging maps. The average surface temperature of the mammary quarters with positive classification for subclinical mastitis stood between 33.2 ± 0.67ºC and 34.64± 1.07ºC; for negative quarters, values ranged from 29.3 ± 1.78ºC to 32.24 ± 0.62ºC. The udder surface temperatures of healthy animals were lower than those of animals with subclinical mastitis (29.3ºC ± 1.78 and 31.58ºC ± 0.62). The udder surface temperature of animals with clinical mastitis was higher, between 34.0 and 37.5°C, compared to the other clinical statuses. The scale adopted for image pattern analysis successfully identified the spatial dependence of udder surface temperature, which helped standardize diagnostic procedures for healthy animals, and for those with subclinical and clinical mastitis, by means of geostatistics.

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