General incentives for renewable energy investment and energy efficiency measures in Hungary

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
J. T. Kiss ◽  
I. Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Member States ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy Investment

Abstract In this paper we analyse the trends and developments of energy imports as a percentage of gross inland energy consumption including bunkers in Hungary and the European Union countries between 2000 and 2011. Data show that the average of the energy dependence increased in the EU27 Member States (7.1 percentage points) and in Hungary, too (3.4 percentage points). The energy intensity in Member States is examined as well. According to the data the energy intensity decreased in the majority of the Member States, the average decreased by 16 percent.

scholarly journals Assessing the Level of Renewable Energy Development in the European Union Member States. A 10-Year Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3765
Author(s):  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Magdalena Tutak ◽  
Peter Bindzár
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Current State ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
European Union Countries

The global economic development is, to a great extent, dependent on access to large amounts of cheap energy sources. The growing social awareness of ecology and the enormous damage to the Earth’s ecosystem due to the production of energy from conventional sources have forced fundamental changes in the energy sector. Renewable energy is considered to be an opportunity for such changes. The current state of the art allows such changes to be made without restricting economic development. Therefore, activities related to the energy transition are being taken all over the world. The European Union has definitely managed to achieve the most tangible effects in this regard. This article presents the findings of the research aimed at presenting the current state of renewable energy in the European Union and analyzing the changes reported in this sector in the last decade. The research was carried out using a selected set of 11 indicators characterizing renewable energy in individual countries. These indicators were selected on the basis of literature review and own studies of the state of renewable energy and its development prospects. Based on these indicators, changes in the energy structure of individual European Union countries between 2008–2018 were determined. The study is divided into two main stages. The principal components analysis (PCA) was used for the first analysis. In turn, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was adopted to assess the level of renewable energy development in the European Union countries. Both these methods and the extended statistical analysis were applied to determine the state of renewable energy development in the European Union countries in the studied period and to divide the Member States into classes with different levels of development. The results of the study showed that the EU countries are characterized by significant differences in the development of RES during the period in question. The unquestionable leaders in this respect are Sweden, Austria, Finland, and Latvia. Based on the findings, it is possible to evaluate the effects of activities related to renewable energy development and to prepare assumptions for future activities. Additionally, both the research and its findings broaden the knowledge of the directions of renewable energy development in individual European Union countries. This is particularly important in the context of changes related to the need to reduce harmful substance emissions and the implementation of the European Green Deal idea.

scholarly journals Mass immigrations in the 21st century. Case of Belgium and the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Ryszard Żelichowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Immigration Issue

The uncontrolled wave of immigrants to the European Union countries, which reached its peak in 2015, challenged not only the well-established system of asylum policies in the Member States but also revealed the fundamental differences among them concerning the so-called “immigration issue”. The article focuses on the mechanisms and institutions which evolved during the different waves of immigrants in Belgium and the Netherlands. It also looks for an answer to the question: is mass immigration to Europe a threat or an opportunity? Depending on one’s attitude to the topic, the answer may be positive or negative.

Energy-mix Scenarios for Bolivia

2014 ◽  
pp. 135-160
Author(s):  
Javier Aliaga Lordemann ◽  
Alejandro Herrera Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons

Nowadays the Bolivian energy-mix is misbalanced due to the primary production of energy, which is focused in gaseous hydrocarbons, whereas the consumption is intensive in liquid hydrocarbons. At the same time the Bolivian electric system is mainly thermo, while the country present high hydro potential. In this framework this document makes reference to the trending evolution of the Bolivian energy-mix and proposes a mitigation scenarios based on the a) reduction of liquid hydrocarbons consumption; b) and introduction of renewable energies an energy efficiency measures in the electric system. Methodologically, the construction of such scenarios is developed by a bottom-up simulation for the time span 2007-2025. We based our estimations on previous results we obtained in the project Renewable Energies Generation in South America (REGSA), founded by the European Union.

POLISH AGRICULTURE ENERGY INTENSITY WITH OTHER ECONOMIC SECTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Marcin Wysokiński ◽  
Paulina Trębska ◽  
Arkadiusz Gromada
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Final Energy Consumption

The aim of this article is to assess the energy intensity of Polish agriculture with other sectors of the economy. The article also assesses the share of agriculture in final energy consumption in the European Union countries. The article uses secondary data from the Central Statistical Office and EUROSTAT. The energy intensity of agriculture in Poland is decreasing and will continue to decline as changes in the agrarian structure and intensification of production in family-owned commodities grow. Comparing the energy intensity of the economy in EU member countries, it is much higher in newly-admitted countries than in EU-15 countries.

scholarly journals Rethinking the shadow economy in terms of happiness. Evidence for the European Union Member States

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Violeta ACHIM ◽  
Sorin Nicolae BORLEA ◽  
Lucian Vasile GĂBAN ◽  
Ionut Constantin CUCEU
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Member States ◽  
The People ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Fiscal Pressure ◽  
European Union Member States

This paper’s goal is to highlight how happiness affects the level of shadow economy, by using many control variables within different types of potentially determining factors of shadow economy. Another main contribution consists in the systematic comparison between old and new European Union member states in terms of determinants of shadow economy, including happiness. Our findings consist in the fact that happier people are more likely to act honestly, thus causing a decrease in the size of shadow economy and this result is valid both for old and new European Union countries. In addition, we found that the quality of public governance and the richness of a country are associated with a lower propensity towards shadow economy for all the member states. However, the relationship between public governance and shadow economy are never sig-nificant when the happiness and richness variables vary simultaneously. Our research reveals that the shadow economy in European Union countries is explained in percent of about 62% by richness and happiness of the people. Contrary to our expectations, the fiscal pressure seems not to be a determinant for shadow economy in the European Union space.

INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH CONDITION OF RESIDENTS OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES – ANALYSIS OF CITY – VILLAGE RELATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (5) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jakubowska ◽  
Anna Rosa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
City Village

The aim of the article is to assess the health inequalities in the European Union countries, analyzed in terms of “city-village” in the context of their impact on the potential of human capital. In the research problem, the authors used literature analysis and the data available from Eurostat for EU Member States (NUTS-1). For the purposes of this study, the authors identified the population of men and women in two age groups. The level of self-assessment of the health status of hybrids of EU rural and urban areas was analyzed. The results showed a significantly higher level of health inequality in the “city-country” relationship in the Central and Eastern European member states.

scholarly journals Forecasting of the Share of Renewable Sources in the Total Final Energy Consumption for Selected European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012134
Author(s):  
Anna Manowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Energy Balances

Abstract The development of society requires stable access to electricity at an acceptable price. In order to meet the growing demand in the European Union countries, we are observing a dynamic development of the use of renewable sources in the energy balances of the Member States. The article presents the legal framework resulting from the newly adopted climate strategy, New Green Deal, and the conditions for the development of renewable sources in the process of transforming energy systems. The characteristics of selected energy balances of countries are also presented, which may constitute a knowledge base on the diversity of the Member States in terms of energy resources used, levels of independence and self-sufficiency of raw materials, as well as the levels of current electricity prices. Based on the available statistical data, the Eurostat database presents forecasts of the levels of renewable energy consumption in the 2030 time horizon for selected countries and according to the main types of renewable energy such as wind, solar energy, biofuels, geothermal energy, and hydropower. The statistical analyzes presented in the article are important tools for building a development strategy for the process of integrating energy markets within the European Union. The obtained results of the analyzes constitute a new approach to the study of the diversified energy market in the EU and present potential development scenarios for the surveyed countries.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS IN HOUSING

Ekonomika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Junona Bumelytė ◽  
Birutė Galinienė ◽  
Ramūnas Markauskas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

Housing is at the core of the European Union’s prosperity as it is important to achieve energy saving targets and to combat climate change whilst contributing to energy saving and security. During the programming period 2007–2013, the European Union Cohesion Policy has started playinga new and important role in the process of supporting investments into energy efficiency measures in the housing sector. The increasing need for effective renovation of housing stock, which was constructed in the period when energy resources were cheap, is most notable in Central and Eastern Europe. The use of the European Union fund for the renovation of housing stock in Lithuania servers as a basis for assessing the impact of such investments on energy saving, natural gas import and greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Europe 2020 Strategy: A Multidimensional Indicator Analysis via Dynamic Relative Taxonomy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4990
Author(s):  
Marek Walesiak ◽  
Grażyna Dehnel ◽  
Marek Obrębalski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

Since 2010, the European Union countries have been implementing the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy aimed at smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth. The Strategy formulates nine indicators that are systematically monitored and assessed. Not all the indicators of the Europe 2020 Strategy could be used in the analysis in a direct way. Due to the limited availability and comparability of statistical data, this problem is presented in detail in part 2 of the article. The assessment of the achievement level of the Europe 2020 Strategy targets, both at the level of the entire European Union (the EU-level targets approach) and its individual Member States (the national-level targets approach) is the primary research purpose of the study. The composite index proposed and constructed on the basis of a dynamic relative taxonomy was used in the conducted research to present the diversified distance of the individual European Union countries in relation to the EU-level targets as well as the national-level targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The research methodology allows conducting the analysis taking into account the missing data. Most methods of ordering objects based on aggregate measures are compensatory in nature. This problem was significantly reduced by taking into account the geometric mean in the construction of the aggregate measure. The research findings revealed that in the years 2010–2019 an ongoing improvement in the implementation of both the EU and the national targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy was observed. In addition, the differences existing between the European Union Member States were reduced. However, none of the countries achieved the EU-level targets. Their highest implementation level was recorded in Denmark, Sweden, Austria, and Finland. The achievement level of the strategic goals regarding the national-level targets was influenced by the choice of one of the two approaches indicated in the study and adopted by the individual EU Member States in determining the set target values of the indicators, i.e., either prudential or optimistic.

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