scholarly journals Assessing the Level of Renewable Energy Development in the European Union Member States. A 10-Year Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3765
Author(s):  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Magdalena Tutak ◽  
Peter Bindzár
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Current State ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
European Union Countries

The global economic development is, to a great extent, dependent on access to large amounts of cheap energy sources. The growing social awareness of ecology and the enormous damage to the Earth’s ecosystem due to the production of energy from conventional sources have forced fundamental changes in the energy sector. Renewable energy is considered to be an opportunity for such changes. The current state of the art allows such changes to be made without restricting economic development. Therefore, activities related to the energy transition are being taken all over the world. The European Union has definitely managed to achieve the most tangible effects in this regard. This article presents the findings of the research aimed at presenting the current state of renewable energy in the European Union and analyzing the changes reported in this sector in the last decade. The research was carried out using a selected set of 11 indicators characterizing renewable energy in individual countries. These indicators were selected on the basis of literature review and own studies of the state of renewable energy and its development prospects. Based on these indicators, changes in the energy structure of individual European Union countries between 2008–2018 were determined. The study is divided into two main stages. The principal components analysis (PCA) was used for the first analysis. In turn, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was adopted to assess the level of renewable energy development in the European Union countries. Both these methods and the extended statistical analysis were applied to determine the state of renewable energy development in the European Union countries in the studied period and to divide the Member States into classes with different levels of development. The results of the study showed that the EU countries are characterized by significant differences in the development of RES during the period in question. The unquestionable leaders in this respect are Sweden, Austria, Finland, and Latvia. Based on the findings, it is possible to evaluate the effects of activities related to renewable energy development and to prepare assumptions for future activities. Additionally, both the research and its findings broaden the knowledge of the directions of renewable energy development in individual European Union countries. This is particularly important in the context of changes related to the need to reduce harmful substance emissions and the implementation of the European Green Deal idea.

scholarly journals Econometric Studies on the Development of Renewable Energy Sources to Support the European Union 2020–2030 Climate and Energy Framework: A Critical Appraisal

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consolación Quintana-Rojo ◽  
Fernando-Evaristo Callejas-Albiñana ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Tarancón ◽  
Isabel Martínez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Strategic Framework ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Political Decisions

One of the key objectives of the European Union is the transition to a total decarbonization of the economy by 2050. Within this strategic framework, the renewable energy development target plays a key role. This renewable energy deployment must be translated into national and European Union realities through specific political decisions. The econometric analysis techniques have the capacity to represent, in a mathematical and objective way, the system of relations comprising the economic, technical, and political factors that contribute to the deployment of renewable energy, and the impact that such an investment in renewable energy has at an economic, environmental, and social level. Therefore, econometric studies have a high potential to support policymakers who have to translate the guidelines of the strategic plan for renewable energy deployment into concrete policies. This article analyzed the capacity of the econometric literature on renewable energy development to provide this support, by means of a bibliometric study carried out on a sample of 153 documents related to 1329 keywords. The results show that, in general, there is a large literature based on econometric methodology to support the different renewable energy guidelines provided by the European Union 2020–2030 climate and energy strategic framework.

scholarly journals Forecasting of the Share of Renewable Sources in the Total Final Energy Consumption for Selected European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 906 (1) ◽  
pp. 012134
Author(s):  
Anna Manowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Energy Balances

Abstract The development of society requires stable access to electricity at an acceptable price. In order to meet the growing demand in the European Union countries, we are observing a dynamic development of the use of renewable sources in the energy balances of the Member States. The article presents the legal framework resulting from the newly adopted climate strategy, New Green Deal, and the conditions for the development of renewable sources in the process of transforming energy systems. The characteristics of selected energy balances of countries are also presented, which may constitute a knowledge base on the diversity of the Member States in terms of energy resources used, levels of independence and self-sufficiency of raw materials, as well as the levels of current electricity prices. Based on the available statistical data, the Eurostat database presents forecasts of the levels of renewable energy consumption in the 2030 time horizon for selected countries and according to the main types of renewable energy such as wind, solar energy, biofuels, geothermal energy, and hydropower. The statistical analyzes presented in the article are important tools for building a development strategy for the process of integrating energy markets within the European Union. The obtained results of the analyzes constitute a new approach to the study of the diversified energy market in the EU and present potential development scenarios for the surveyed countries.

scholarly journals SYSTEM OF FINANCING HEALTH CARE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES AS AN EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Olha Lisovska
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Medical Reform ◽  
Current State ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Financing Health Care

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyse the state of the system of financing health care in the European Union countries and Ukraine, to identify and compare their efficiency. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks were set: to analyse the current state of the system of financing health care in the European Union using up-to-date statistics on health care expenditures; to analyse the state of the system of financing health care in Ukraine for the last five years based on statistical data on expenditures of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine; to consider what needs the health care sector directs expenditures to; to identify the problems that were prompted medical reform in Ukraine; to identify and compare the efficiency of financing the health care system of the European Union countries and Ukraine. Methodology. During the preparation of the article, the author used the method of analysis and synthesis to review statistical data that provided an opportunity to analyse the current state of the system of financing health care in the European Union countries and Ukraine; the method of comparison was used to determine the efficiency of the models of the system of financing health care in the countries of the European Union, in order to further form useful advice for use in Ukraine during the period of medical reform; generalization method was used to summarize the results of the study. Results. Analysing the state of the system of financing health care among the European Union countries in 2019, it was found that the largest amount of health care expenditures was in Germany (the system of financing was based on the Bismarck model), and the smallest was in Latvia (the system of financing was based on the Beveridge model). Analysis of the dynamics of health care expenditures in Ukraine showed that over the past five years, the volume of expenditures has increased 2.33 times. In terms of the funds of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine, the largest percentage (85-91%) falls on the expenditures of the general fund. In relation to the total expenditures of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine, the share of health care expenditures in 2020 has amounted to 11.02%, which is 1.99% higher than in 2016. Despite the growing trend, the amount of budget expenditures is not enough for all the needs of the health sector. To identify the efficiency of the models of the systems of financing health care operating in the European Union countries and Ukraine, a comparison of the average life expectancy among the people of these countries was made. In the countries of Northern and Western Europe, there was the highest rate in the range of 81.1-83.1 years for both men and women; the lowest rate was observed in Ukraine (73 years). Ukraine is currently undergoing health care reform, which should change the Soviet model to one that will be closer to the English, which shows its efficiency on the example of European countries in the post-Soviet space. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used to form practical suggestions in preparation for the next stage of health care reform in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Renewable Energy Sector Performance Using Selected Indicators in European Union Countries

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Čeryová ◽  
Tatiana Bullová ◽  
Natália Turčeková ◽  
Izabela Adamičková ◽  
Danka Moravčíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Average Average

Renewable energy is the key pillar and plays an important role in the energy systems of European Union member states and in mitigating climate change. It is supporting the transition towards a greener, resource-efficient and more competitive, low-carbon European Union economy. Above-average, average and below-average values of monitored indicators in member states of the European Union in 2009–2016 were ascertained by using principal component analysis. Monitored indicators of the renewable energy sector included electricity generation, electricity capacity, investments of public financial institutions, number of employees and turnover achieved from the economic activities related to production, distribution, installation, operation and maintenance of equipment (all of them per capita). Based on the achieved results, we can state that the situation changed during the period under review. Member states have moved between above-average, average and below-average levels of renewable energy indicators. However, a lack of change in the indicators was recorded in some member states throughout the eight-year period (Finland, France, Ireland, Germany, Austria and Spain did not move significantly). Renewable energy sources (hydro, wind, solar, geothermal and energy from biomass) were evaluated as a whole due to different natural, economic and legislative conditions of European Union countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of the State of the Accident Rate in the Construction Industry in European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hoła ◽  
M. Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
European Union Countries

The article presents an analysis and evaluation of the accident rate in selected European Union countries. On the basis of available statistical data, the analysis of accidents in various sectors of the European Union economy was carried out. Afterwards, a ranking of countries regarding accidents in the construction industry was developed. For the selected representative countries, analysis of changes in the indicators which characterize the accident rate during the period between 2008 and 2012 was carried out. Conclusions resulting from the conducted research were formulated.

scholarly journals CORRUPTION, CAPITAL ABUNDANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatka Bilas ◽  
Mile Bošnjak ◽  
Sanja Franc
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to establish and clarify the relationship between corruption level and development among European Union countries. Out of the estimated model in this paper one can conclude that the level of corruption can explain capital abundance differences among European Union countries. Also, explanatory power of corruption is higher in explaining economic development than in explaining capital abundance, meaning stronger relationship between corruption level and economic development than between corruption level and capital abundance. There is no doubt that reducing corruption would be beneficial for all countries. Since corruption is a wrongdoing, the rule of law enforcement is of utmost importance. However, root causes of corruption, namely the institutional and social environment: recruiting civil servants on a merit basis, salaries in public sector competitive to the ones in private sector, the role of international institutions in the fight against corruption, and some other corruption characteristics are very important to analyze in order to find effective ways to fight corruption. Further research should go into this direction.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Sectors: Selected Indicators in European Union and Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (4) ◽  
pp. 250-258
Author(s):  
Anna Klepacka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Countries

The aim of this article was to show the position of Poland in the renewable energy subsectors among the European Union countries. The research covered the areas of biomass, solar heating and heat pumps, showing the degree of their utilization, power required to drive the system and their production in 2016. The provided information was supplemented with a revenues per employee in thousand euros in chosen subsectors of renewable energy sources in the year 2016. The main tool for carrying out the set objective was the use of descriptive and comparative methods. The results of the survey demonstrated Poland’s prominent place in the sector of liquid biofuels (1st place in EU), thanks to the significant supply of raw materials as well as development perspectives in solar energy, which is confirmed by the world's statistics indicating a record number of photovoltaic installations fitted (PV).

scholarly journals A Study on the Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of China’s Renewable Energy Development and Regional Energy Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Wenyu Fan ◽  
Yu Hong ◽  
Chanting Chen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
Development Levels

The problem of unbalanced energy development in China still exists. How to adjust the energy structure is the key to high-quality economic development in China. This paper analyses the impact of regional energy development levels on high-quality economic development in China from 2016 to 2017, with the global ML methodology and structural equation model. Firstly, from two aspects of environmental and technological factors, the Global Malmquist-Luenberger (GML) production function is used to measure the environmental endowment index of regional energy development in China. Secondly, the evaluation system of China’s energy development is established. The structural equation model is used to measure and evaluate the degree of China’s regional energy development. Combined with the environmental endowment index of regional energy development, the gap between the proportion of regional renewable energy and the optimal energy structure is analyzed. Thirdly, this paper explores the supporting effect of different energy development levels on high-quality economic development. It is concluded that the environmental endowment index of energy development varies among different regions in China, most of which are still underdeveloped, but a few of which have redundant technical elements of renewable energy development. China’s regional energy development model is still dominated by fossil fuel energy, and the proportion of renewable energy driving economic growth is relatively low. Renewable energy can effectively replace the use of fossil fuel energy and have a higher impact on high-quality economic development. Finally, on the basis of the above study, the paper puts forward policy suggestions for Chinese governments to adjust energy structure and promote high-quality economic development.

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