Bartók’s Viola Concerto manuscript: Some questions and speculations

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Elliott Antokoletz
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Musical Language ◽  
Viola Concerto ◽  
Final Version ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Viola Repertoire ◽  
And Function ◽  
Abstract Types ◽  
Source Materials

The question of authenticity in the creation of Bartók’s Viola Concerto has been one of the most enigmatic in the viola repertoire. Inconsistencies among revisions of the work by different scholars since the first attempt by Tibor Serly in 1946 reveal that the task of uncovering an authentic final version by scrutinizing the manuscript itself is not always a clearcut or “purely mechanical” endeavor. Following a brief overview of the manuscript’s layout, this article addresses some ambiguous details based on a number of puzzling indications. Some of these questions can only be resolved by acquiring an in-depth knowledge of Bartók’s musical language. The manuscript draft is thereby approached not only by studying the primary-source materials alone, but also by means of a theoretic-analytical approach. The latter takes into account principles of modality, polymodal combination, and more abstract types of pitch sets, such as hybrid modes, the octatonic scale, and other more chromatic configurations. General types of scalar or modal construction are discussed as basic determinants in performing certain figural details. Such principles as diatonic expansion, chromatic compression, and polymodal chromaticism are shown, for instance, to be essential for understanding the content and function of the trill figures and the larger linear constructions to which they belong. Thus, we may assume that the combined levels of research and analysis suggested above are essential in arriving at Bartók’s authentic conception.

Management's Crisis of Confidence and the Origin of the National Industrial Conference Board, 1914–1916

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Gitelman
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
American Business ◽  
World War ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
The Way

In this essay, Professor Gitelman draws upon new primary source materials to help clarify the outlook of American business leaders in the years immediately preceding U.S. entry into World War I. He shows how business leaders brooded, at periodic private conferences, over the profound loss in public esteem they believed business had suffered. This “crisis of confidence,” he concludes, precipitated defensive associational efforts. The creation of conference boards—the brainchild of Magnus W. Alexander—provided an institutional base for these efforts, and pointed the way to the creation of the National Industrial Conference Board.

Using Sources In History Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Seema S.Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Materials

History is constructed by people who study the past. It is created through working on both primary and secondary sources that historians use to learn about people, events, and everyday life in the past. Just like detectives, historians look at clues, sift through evidence, and make their own interpretations. Historical knowledge is, therefore, the outcome of a process of enquiry. During last century, the teaching of history has changed considerably. The use of sources, viz. textual, visual, and oral, in school classrooms in many parts of the world has already become an essential part of teaching history. However, in India, it is only a recent phenomenon. Introducing students to primary sources and making them a regular part of classroom lessons help students develop critical thinking and deductive reasoning skills. These will be useful throughout their lives. This paper highlights the benefits of using primary source materials in a history classroom and provides the teacher, with practical suggestions and examples of how to do this.

scholarly journals [Formation of Ummah Wasatiyyah Through Tauhid Al-Hikam Shaykh Ibn Ataillah Therapy] Pembentukan Ummah Wasatiyyah Menerusi Terapi Tauhid Al-Hikam Shaykh Ibn Ataillah

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed Omar ◽  
Nurul Aarifah Musa
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Principal Element ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Power And Authority

Intermediate community (ummah wasatiyyah) born of islamic appreciation by understanding the beauty and the truth of its teaching. The main pillar in forming this intermediate community always been linked with three important element, that is Islam, Iman (faith) and Ihsan (perfection/excellence). This article tried to explicate the concept of tawheed that expressed by Shaykh Ibn Ataillah al-Sakandari as an important instrument in forming the best community which declared in Quran. This writing highlighted the tawheed of act that summarized in al-Sakandari’s words of wisdom and its application of value as the principal element for intermediate community conformation. This qualitative study applied content analysis methode by reviewing tawheed of act standpoint from the book “al-Hikam” by Shaykh Ibn Ataillah as primary source and supported with others of his writings. This study found that the tawheed of act element are the most important aspect in forming intermediate community because it indicate submission to power and authority of Allah SWT also his jurisdiction in every movement and act of all the creation. Hence, a community will never achieve title of the best community if submission to Allah SWT is not being applied in every act and movement. Therefore, this study conclude that ‘ummatan wasata’ which also termed in Quran as ‘khayra ummah’ is a community that possess the most important features of tawheed, which is believe of Oness of Allah SWT in His Acts.   Keywords: Ummah wasatiyyah, Tawheed Therapy, Ibn Ataillah al-Sakandari, al-Hikam, tauhid al-af‘al.     Ummah wasatiyyah lahir daripada penghayatan Islam dengan memahami keindahan dan ketelusan ajarannya. Tonggak utama dalam pembentukan ummah wassatiyyah sentiasa dikaitkan dengan tiga elemen penting, iaitu Islam, Iman dan Ihsan. Artikel ini cuba mengutarakan konsep tauhid yang dikemukakan oleh Shaykh Ibn Ataillah al-Sakandari sebagai satu instrumen penting dalam pembentukan umat terbaik sebagaimana yang dinyatakan dalam al-Quran. Penulisan ini mengetengahkan tauhid al-af’al yang terangkum dalam kalam Hikam al-Sakandari dan penerapan nilainya sebagai teras dalam pembentukan ummah wasatiyyah. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan dengan meneliti aspek tauhid al-af’al daripada sumber utama kitab al-Hikam Shaykh Ibn Ataillah dan didokong oleh beberapa karya beliau yang lain. Kajian mendapati bahawa elemen tauhid al-af’al merupakan aspek yang terpenting dalam membina ummah wasatiyyah kerana ia merujuk kepada penyerahan diri kepada kekuasaan dan kudrat Allah SWT serta tadbir urusNya dalam setiap gerak-geri dan tindak-tanduk seluruh makhluk. Justeru, suatu umat tidak mungkin mencapai status umat terbaik selama mana segala tindak-tanduk dan perbuatan tidak disertakan dengan penyerahan kepada Allah. Oleh itu, kajian menyimpulkan bahawa ‘ummatan wasata’ yang juga diistilahkan dalam al-Quran sebagai ‘khayra ummah’ merupakan satu umat yang mempunyai ciri-ciri terpenting tauhid, iaitu elemen mentauhidkan Allah SWT dari aspek perbuatanNya.   Kata kunci: Ummah Wasatiyyah, Terapi Tauhid, Ibn Ataillah al-Sakandari, Kitab al-Hikam, Tauhid al-Af’al.

WILLEM FLOOR, The Afghan Occupation of Safavid Persia 1712–1729 (Paris: Association Pour l'Avancement Des Etudes Iraniennes, 1998). Pp. 387.

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-618
Author(s):  
David C. Champagne
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Subsequent Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Source Materials

One could assume from the misleading title of this work that it is a new analytical history of the fall of the Safavid empire and the nine-year Afghan usurpation of the Safavid throne. More than forty years after Laurence Lockhart published his monumental work, The Fall of the Safavi Dynasty and the Afghan Occupation of Persia, a new study based on subsequent research would be a major contribution to the field. But Willem Floor has made a different, yet extremely significant, contribution. He has performed a yeoman's service by annotating, translating, and compiling primary source materials from the archives of the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC), or the Dutch East Indies Company, that someday will assist such an effort.

Taking a stance and getting on with it: the form and function of the Finnish finite clausal extraposition construction

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritva Laury
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Sequential Design ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Grammatical Form ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Grammatical Construction ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ordinary Conversation ◽  
And Function

AbstractThis paper concerns a particular grammatical construction, extraposition, and its use for assessments at points of transition between activities and topics by speakers of Finnish in ordinary conversation. A basic assumption taken here is that “recurrent clausal constructions of a language are social action formats for that language” (Thompson 2006), and that grammatical constructions such as clause types are learned and therefore routinized responses to certain types of interactional contingencies, and, at the same time, emergent from the current local context (Hopper 1987; Helasvuo 2001).The paper combines the two central perspectives developed in this issue, sequential design and dialogicality, with the study of grammar-in-interaction. It shows that the grammatical form of the Finnish extraposition construction emerges from its use by speakers for the creation of intersubjectivity through reproduction of prior talk and for the projection of stance taking to follow.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aaron Deter-Wolf ◽  
Tanya M. Peres
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cumberland River ◽  
And Function ◽  
Culture Phase

This introduction presents a brief geologic overview of the Middle Cumberland River Valley of Tennessee. It describes the research interests that culminated in the creation of this volume and positions the volume within the overall context of Archaic shell-bearing site excavations in the Southeastern United States and the Shell Mound Archaic culture phase. The introduction further summarizes the prevailing theories as to the creation and function of Archaic shell-bearing sites which have been generated by research in other regions of the coastal and interior Southeast. Finally, it presents a short overview of the contributed chapters.

Perils of Lending Rare Book and Archival Materials for Exhibition

2018 ◽  
pp. 232-249
Author(s):  
Patti Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
Source Materials

As an outreach strategy, libraries and archives lend rare book and primary source materials to cultural heritage institutions for exhibitions, making significant holdings and collection materials available more widely to new audiences for viewing, research, and study. These texts, manuscripts, and archival documents are often highly valuable, historically significant, and irreplaceable. By identifying, evaluating, and addressing risks present during loans, lenders minimize exposure and potential losses of these valuable cultural heritage materials. This chapter examines specific ways lenders can recognize and assess risks presented during an exhibition loan and helps institutions better protect their important holdings and prevent detrimental losses to culturally significant materials.

On the Nature of Sleep

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-100
Author(s):  
Domenico Agostini ◽  
Samuel Thrope
Keyword(s):  
Short Description ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Function Of Sleep ◽  
And Function ◽  
Proper Length

Chapters 19 and 19A contain a short description of the nature and function of sleep (xwāb). The chapters describe the creation of sleep and its appearance. They also proscribe the proper length of sleep as three or four recitations of one of the central Zoroastrian prayers.

The Knack of Selling: scientific salesmanship, relational themes and military metaphors in early marketing thought

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-262
Author(s):  
Mark Tadajewski ◽  
D.G. Brian Jones
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Personal Selling ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The One ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Early Training

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an historical analysis of an important early contribution to the history of marketing thought literature – the six-book series titled The Knack of Selling – which was published in 1913 and intended as an early training course for salesmanship. Design/methodology/approach This research utilized a close, systematic reading of The Knack of Selling series and places it in the professional and intellectual context of the early twentieth century. Books published about marketing are primary source materials for any study of the history of marketing thought. In this case, The Knack series constitutes significant primary source material for a study of early thinking about personal selling. Findings Echoing A.W. Shaw, Watson offers a more sophisticated interpretation of the “one best way” approach associated with Frederick Taylor. Watson’s advice did not entail the repetition of canned sales talks to each customer. His vision of practice was more complicated. Sales presentations were temporally and locationally relative. They were subject to ongoing evolution. As the marketplace changed, as customer needs and interests shifted, so did organizational and salesperson performances. To keep sales talks relevant to the consumer, personnel were encouraged to undertake rudimentary ethnographic research and interviews. Unusually, there is oscillation in the way power relations between marketer and customer were described. While relational themes are present, so are military metaphors. Originality/value This is the first systematic reading of The Knack of Selling that has been produced. It is an important contribution to the literature inasmuch as this book set is not in wide circulation. The material itself was significant as an input into scholarship subsequently hailed as seminal within sales management.

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