Non-volant mammal inventory of Cusuco National Park, north-west Honduras: reporting the presence of Jaguar, Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758), and demonstrating the effects of zonal protection on mammalian abundance

Neotropical cloud forests are one of the most biodiverse yet threatened ecosystems with deforestation and hunting creating major problems. We report a non-volant mammal species inventory for Cusuco National Park, Honduras, spanning 2006–2016. Data were collected using 4 methods: tracks and signs, camera trapping, direct sightings and live trapping. Recorded species of conservation importance included Central American red brocket (Mazama temama (Kerr, 1792)), Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii (Gill, 1865)), margay (Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821)), and jaguar (Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758)); the latter recorded for the first time. Cusuco National Park is a site of strategic geographical importance within the Central American jaguar corridor. In total, 43 species were recorded from 26 families. We demonstrate the impact of zonal protection measures with higher mammal abundance recorded in the park’s highly protected core compared to the less protected buffer zone. We advise continued monitoring to provide robust time-series of population trends.

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Assessment of the Social Impacts of Community Based Tourism

Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft ◽

10.1515/tw-2021-0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 268-302

Author(s):

Robin Boustead ◽

Sushma Bhatta

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Local Population ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Social Impacts ◽

Local Economy ◽

Community Control ◽

Community Based ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact

Abstract We set out to assess the social impacts of tourism in a Community Based Tourism (CBT) destination by asking the following questions; (1) from a community and individual perspective, what are the major issues faced in a CBT destination?, and (2) is there any pattern to, or similarity between, quality of life and liveable environment impacts in a CBT destination? The Sagarmatha (Mt Everest) National Park in Nepal is used for the study area and where tourism is clearly an important contributor to the local economy. Despite high levels of resident and visitor satisfaction with tourism, survey results indicate that the major issues faced by communities and individuals in the Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone (SNPBZ) are related to uncontrolled tourism development. This is most evident in a lack of relevant skills and training, increasing time burden to cater for tourists, frustrations felt by residents during peak season, the impact of inbound migration, lack of community control and most importantly, the impact of waste and water pollution. Management of the SNPBZ is based on a multi-stakeholder system that includes local population participation, but it does not seem to be working very well. Our survey indicates that uncontrolled growth of tourism businesses is placing increasing pressures on traditional cultures and the environment, thus creating negative impacts on quality of live and liveable environment for residents. Without an effective management system that enhances the ability of communities and Park management to control the impact of tourism, the situation is very likely to worsen in the future.

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IMPACT OF HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT IN THE SURROUNDING VILLAGES OF OLD OYO NATIONAL PARK

Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment ◽

10.51406/jagse.v20i1.2099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 23-39

Author(s):

A. L. A. SHOTUYO ◽

O. A. AKINTUNDE ◽

F. G LANLEHIN

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Average Distance ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Wildlife Conflict ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wildlife Populations ◽

The Impact ◽

Human Wildlife Conflict ◽

Fire Wood

The study assesses the impacts of Human-Wildlife conflicts in the surrounding villages in Old Oyo National Park (OONP), Nigeria. Two ranges out of the five ranges were used. Four villages were selected based on the distribution of primates and wildlife populations with each range producing two villages around Old Oyo National Park, were randomly selected for wildlife assessment. A total of 80 well-structured questionnaires were administered to the villagers with each getting 20 questionnaires respectively. Data collected were subjected to inferential and descriptive statistics. Result shows that among other socio demographic characteristics tested against the impact of Human –wildlife conflict in the park, educational level and religion show significant difference (p<0.05). the buffer zone around the park has been extensively encroached; this made most of the surrounding villages to the park fall within the average distance of 2.6km. about 79% of the villages make use of fire wood for their household cooking. Major animals that intrude farmlands in the study areas include monkey (24%), Grasscutter (11%), Cattle (19%), Gorilla (12%), Antelope (6%), Cane rat (5%) and Rabbit (3%). Some of the crops attacked by the wildlife animals include; tubers (24%), tubers and vegetable (7%), tubers and fruits (36%), tubers, vegetable and fruits (3%), vegetable (7%), fruits (3%). All the respondents (100%) rated the level of attack and damages to their crops as high.

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Effectiveness of Ecotourism: A case of Chitwan National Park

Journal of Advanced Academic Research ◽

10.3126/jaar.v4i1.19527 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 136-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Damodar Prasad Bhatt ◽

Tek Nath Dhakal

Keyword(s):

Community Development ◽

National Park ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Conceptual Frame ◽

The World ◽

Chitwan National Park ◽

Frame Work ◽

The Impact ◽

Research Studies

Ecotourism is the fast growing industry in the world. In Nepal also it is growing consistently since late 1980s.Various ecotourism programs have been initiated in different natural destinations in the country since then. But the research studies to find out the effectiveness of these programs have been rarely conducted. Very few studies have been conducted to know whether these programs are yielding desired results or not. This study aims to conduct one such research to find out the impact of a ecotourism program. The study is to be conducted in Chitwan National Park. The focus of the study is the buffer zone program of Chitwan National Park .Where the study aims to assess the impacts of community development activities of the buffer zone program. For that proposed conceptual frame work of the study is also presented below.

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Willingness to pay by using travel cost method in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science ◽

10.3126/jiaas.v33i0.20676 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

M. Aryal ◽

J. P. Dutta ◽

P. P. Regmi ◽

K. R. Pandey

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

National Park ◽

Consumer Surplus ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Travel Cost ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Public Infrastructure ◽

Chitwan National Park ◽

The Impact

This study assessed the impact of tourism and willingness to pay by foreigners in Chitwan National Park of Chitwan district during the year 2007-2008. Eighty tourists were selected randomly to evaluate the recreational value of Chitwan National Park to protect the biodiversity of buffer zone area in Chitwan National Park. The tourism created the local employment opportunities to local people but it was unplanned and location specific. Since the program has focused in both community development and conservation awareness activities however, the study showed that only public infrastructure development was emphasized instead of sensitizing the members towards the conservation issues of protected areas. The study examined how much Park visitors were willing to pay to visit the Park. Annual benefits from the Park were considerable - the total annual consumer surplus obtained from recreation in the Park was approximately USD 233 million. Various factors influence the visitors like travel cost, household income, and the quality of the Park. Improvements in quality of the Park were likely to increase recreational benefits.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science. Vol. 33-34, 2015, page :1-10

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Buffer zone use by mammals in a Cerrado protected area

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2014-0117 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Roberta Montanheiro Paolino ◽

Natalia Fraguas Versiani ◽

Nielson Pasqualotto ◽

Thiago Ferreira Rodrigues ◽

Victor Gasperotto Krepschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Puma Concolor ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Imperfect Detection ◽

Mammal Species ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

Terrestrial Mammals ◽

External Threats ◽

The Impact

Habitat loss and degradation is threatening mammals worldwide. Therefore, Protected Areas (PA) are of utmost importance to preserve biodiversity. Their effectiveness, however, depends on some management strategies such as buffer zones, which prevent/mitigate the impact of external threats and might increase the amount of available habitat for wildlife existing within reserves. Nevertheless, how intensively terrestrial mammals use buffer zones remains little studied, particularly in the Neotropical region. Aiming to analyse the use of a buffer zone (5 km wide) by medium and large-sized mammals, we modelled the occupancy probabilities of five species of conservation concern including local (interior and buffer zone) as a site covariate, simultaneously controlling for imperfect detection. Data collection was made with camera traps from April to September 2013 in a 9000 ha Cerrado PA (“interior”) and in its surrounding area (39721.41 ha; “buffer zone”). This PA (Jataí Ecological Station) is immersed in a landscape where sugarcane plantations predominate in the northeastern of the state of São Paulo. We also conducted an inventory to compare the number and composition of species between interior and buffer zone. A total of 31 mammal species (26 natives) was recorded via camera traps and active search for sightings, vocalizations, tracks and signs. Occupancy estimates for Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Leopardus pardalis and Pecari tajacu were numerically higher in interior. On the other hand, Chrysocyon brachyurus had the highest occupancy in buffer zone, while the largest predator, Puma concolor, used both areas similarly. However, as the confidence intervals (95%) overlapped, the differences in occupancy probabilities between interior and buffer were weak for all these species. Additionally, regarding only the species recorded by cameras, the observed and estimated richness were similar between interior and buffer zone of the PA. Our data demonstrated that the buffer zone is indeed used by medium and large-sized mammals, including conservation-dependent ones. The lack of enforcement of current legislation regarding buffer zones is therefore a real threat for mammals, even when protection is guaranteed in the interior of protected areas.

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Bushmeat hunting around Lomami National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605319001017 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodrigue Batumike ◽

Gerard Imani ◽

Christian Urom ◽

Aida Cuni-Sanchez

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Household Consumption ◽

Red River ◽

Income Generation ◽

Mammal Species ◽

Household Level ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

Preferred Species

Abstract For most of the Democratic Republic of the Congo quantitative data on bushmeat exploitation are scarce. We conducted focus group discussions on preferred species for household consumption and income generation in 24 villages around Lomami National Park, created in 2016. We also carried out a bushmeat market survey in Kindu, a major town in the study area, to estimate annual sales volumes and retail values. Villagers reported household consumption of 22 mammal species, with the most important being the African brush-tailed porcupine, Peters's duiker, bay duiker and red river hog. The latter three were also the most important for income generation. A greater number of smaller species were consumed at the household level, compared with those traded. A total of 17 mammal and one reptile species were traded in Kindu. Those traded in greater numbers were the African brush-tailed porcupine, blue and bay duiker, red river hog, red-tailed monkey and the sitatunga. We estimated > 40,000 carcasses were traded in Kindu annually, with a retail value of USD 725,000. Several species of conservation concern, such as the bonobo, were mentioned or observed. Few rodents and numerous large animals were traded in Kindu, suggesting resources have not yet been depleted. However, both villagers and urban vendors perceived a decline of many species and reported an increase in the use of firearms and the number of foreign hunters in the area. Among other interventions, we discuss how local communities could be encouraged to help preserve wildlife in the Park's buffer zone.

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Electric Fences and Poison Buffers as Barriers to Movements and Dispersal of Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus Vulpecula) on Farmland.

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr9930671 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 671 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

PE Cowan ◽

DS Rhodes

Keyword(s):

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Average Distance ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Control Site ◽

Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽

Buffer Zones ◽

North West ◽

North East ◽

Live Trapping ◽

Electric Fence

Limitation of the spread of bovine tuberculosis by brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand involves creating buffer zones 3-5km wide around areas where the disease is endemic in possum populations; low possum density is established by aerial and ground poisoning and maintained by repeated control. The effectiveness of a buffer zone was examined using live-trapping and radiotracking to study movements and dispersal of juvenile and adult possums in comparison with a nearby, undisturbed (control) site. At a third site, the effect of a 3-km long, 9-strand electric fence, erected from ridge to ridge across a valley catchment, for reducing possum dispersal was measured, as an alternative to a buffer zone. Adult possums were highly sedentary; only one permanent shift of more than 0.5km was detected during repeated live-trapping and radio-tracking, and most consecutive live captures were in traps less than 200m apart. None of the radio-tagged adults adjacent to the poison buffer zones moved permanently into the low-density areas. By contrast, about 20% of radio-tagged juveniles dispersed more than 0.5km, moving up to 11.6km from their natal areas, most in a generally west-north-west to east-north-east direction. About equal numbers dispersed upstream, downstream, or in other directions. Significantly more males dispersed than females, but their dispersal distances were similar. Some dispersing possums moved more than 2km overnight, and females, particularly, often made several moves before settling. Most juveniles dispersed before they were one year old, mainly in the three months immediately preceding the peak of births in autumn. Neither the poison buffer zone nor the electric fence appeared to influence the proportion of juveniles that dispersed more than 0.5km, or the average distance dispersed. The implications of these findings in preventing the spread of bovine tuberculosis are discussed.

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Do social factors influence perceptions of the jaguar Panthera onca in Ecuador?

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s003060532000054x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Hernán G. Álvarez ◽

Galo Zapata-Ríos

Keyword(s):

Formal Education ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Panthera Onca ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

North West ◽

Wildlife Refuge ◽

Agricultural Matrix ◽

The People ◽

Education And Awareness ◽

Influence Perceptions

Abstract In Latin America, the jaguar Panthera onca is one of the most persecuted and hunted carnivores as a result of its depredation of livestock. In north-west Ecuador jaguar populations are highly threatened, and the largest known population (20–30 individuals) is in El Pambilar Wildlife Refuge, a wet tropical forest surrounded by degraded forests and an agricultural matrix. As the killing of jaguars is one of the main threats to this population, its conservation depends on the perceptions and behaviour of the people living in this region. We interviewed people from 159 households (64% of the total) in eight communities in the buffer zone of the Wildlife Refuge, to examine people's perceptions of any harm caused by jaguars, and to determine the factors that influence these perceptions. In general, people perceived that jaguars caused little harm to their domestic animals or to themselves. However, our models showed that young people with a low level of formal education are the demographic group most likely to hold negative attitudes towards the jaguar, suggesting this group could potentially benefit from involvement in environmental education and awareness programmes.

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Fictive Fathers in the Field

Journal of Autoethnography ◽

10.1525/joae.2020.1.3.265 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 265-273

Author(s):

Katrina Daly Thompson

Keyword(s):

Cultural Studies ◽

Ethnographic Research ◽

A Site ◽

The Impact

Through my own narrative about my relationship with my fictive father in Zanzibar and the impact of this relationship on my research, in this autoethnographic essay I explore three themes: fictiveness, fatherhood, and the field. These themes tie together different aspects of the term “patriography,” linking them to ethnography and its subgenre autoethnography. Drawing on the term “patriography” as the science or study of fathers, I use the concept of “the field” to examine the impact of narratives about fathers on not only the field as a site of ethnographic research but also on the field of African cultural studies.

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