scholarly journals Do social factors influence perceptions of the jaguar Panthera onca in Ecuador?

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hernán G. Álvarez ◽  
Galo Zapata-Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
North West ◽  
Wildlife Refuge ◽  
Agricultural Matrix ◽  
The People ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Influence Perceptions

Abstract In Latin America, the jaguar Panthera onca is one of the most persecuted and hunted carnivores as a result of its depredation of livestock. In north-west Ecuador jaguar populations are highly threatened, and the largest known population (20–30 individuals) is in El Pambilar Wildlife Refuge, a wet tropical forest surrounded by degraded forests and an agricultural matrix. As the killing of jaguars is one of the main threats to this population, its conservation depends on the perceptions and behaviour of the people living in this region. We interviewed people from 159 households (64% of the total) in eight communities in the buffer zone of the Wildlife Refuge, to examine people's perceptions of any harm caused by jaguars, and to determine the factors that influence these perceptions. In general, people perceived that jaguars caused little harm to their domestic animals or to themselves. However, our models showed that young people with a low level of formal education are the demographic group most likely to hold negative attitudes towards the jaguar, suggesting this group could potentially benefit from involvement in environmental education and awareness programmes.

scholarly journals Non-volant mammal inventory of Cusuco National Park, north-west Honduras: reporting the presence of Jaguar, Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758), and demonstrating the effects of zonal protection on mammalian abundance

Check List ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-891
Author(s):  
Hannah M. J. Hoskins ◽  
Oliver J. Burdekin ◽  
Kara Dicks ◽  
Kathy Y. Slater ◽  
Niall P. McCann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Central American ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
North West ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

Neotropical cloud forests are one of the most biodiverse yet threatened ecosystems with deforestation and hunting creating major problems. We report a non-volant mammal species inventory for Cusuco National Park, Honduras, spanning 2006–2016. Data were collected using 4 methods: tracks and signs, camera trapping, direct sightings and live trapping. Recorded species of conservation importance included Central American red brocket (Mazama temama (Kerr, 1792)), Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii (Gill, 1865)), margay (Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821)), and jaguar (Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758)); the latter recorded for the first time. Cusuco National Park is a site of strategic geographical importance within the Central American jaguar corridor. In total, 43 species were recorded from 26 families. We demonstrate the impact of zonal protection measures with higher mammal abundance recorded in the park’s highly protected core compared to the less protected buffer zone. We advise continued monitoring to provide robust time-series of population trends.

Impact and Challenges of Centres for Education and Community Action in Cameroon’s North West Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Fonteh Athanasius Amungwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
North West ◽  
West Region ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of community education and challenges facing Centres for Education and Community Action as a rural development strategy in Cameroon. The study was conducted in the North-West Region of Cameroon, employing field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants using a convenient sampling technique and through elaborate review of documents. These research instruments were blended into what is termed triangulation and the data collected was analysed descriptively. The main focus of qualitative analysis is to understand the ways in which people act and the accounts that people give for their actions. This paper posits that extreme dependence on the provision of Western formal education cannot solve the problems of a rapidly changing society like Cameroon, which is facing a long-term economic crisis and persistent unemployment issues of graduates. Consequently, education should be redefined in the context of the prevailing economic crisis to make it responsive to the aspirations of rural communities. Findings showed that community education had contributed towards rural development immensely but has suffered many challenges due to neglect of the field in the policy agenda. This paper recommends the integration of community education with formal education to facilitate group and community betterment in particular and rural transformation in general.

KEARIFAN LOKAL (LOCAL GENIUS) SEBAGAI SOKO GURU MENATA PERADABAN BANGSA YANG BERKARAKTER NUSANTARA (REFLEKSI KARYA KI DALANG TANGSUB)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Suarta
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Mental Attitude ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The Many ◽  
Written Traditions

Local knowledge (local genius) is the quintessence of our ancestors thinking either oral or written traditions which we have received to date. Thought that, in the context of real archipelago has the same thread, which has a valuable values and universal to strengthen the integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. Through our founding genius thought that we should be able to implement it in real life to be able to reach people who "Gemah ripah loh jinawi", no less clothing, food, and shelter!Some of the many concepts of mind for the people of Bali are reflected in the work of puppeteer Ki Dalang Tangsub contributed to the development of Indonesia and has a universal value is the concept of maintaining the environment, save money, and humble. Through mental attitude has not always feel pretty; like not smart enough, not skilled enough, and not mature enough experience, make us always learn and practice. Learn and continue lifelong learning will make a man more mature and a lot of experience. Thus, the challenges in life will be easy to overcome. All that will be achieved, in addition to the hard work is also based on the mental attitude of inferiority is not proud, haughty, arrogant and other negative attitudes. Thought care environment, managing finances, and humble as described above, in Bali has been formulated through a literature shaped geguritan, namely Geguritan I Gedé Basur Dalang Tangsub works, one of the great authors in the early 19th century.  Keywords: Local knowledge, a cornerstone of, the character of the archipelago

Indigenous People and Changing Socio-Cultural Behavior: A Case Study of Toto Tribes, Totopara

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aakash Upadhay ◽  
Sahid Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
Public Meetings ◽  
The People ◽  
Basic Objective ◽  
Education And Awareness

As the saying goes “culture doesn't make people, it is the people who make culture”. The are several tribes living in India and are trying to preserve their rich cultural heritage. Toto is an aboriginal Indo-Bhutanese tribe found in some parts of Alipurduar district in North Bengal. Unique to their culture is the idea of having only single wife and strongly advocate anti-dowry system unlike neighbouring tribal practices. As per the reports they are recognized as the smallest tribe on the Earth and are on the verge of complete extinction. Various cultural transformation and other developmental activities around the region is leading to declining Toto’s population, which is further aggravated by Thalassemia virus, which is one of the silent killers of the tribe. It is alarming that an average lifespan of Toto's has suddenly declined to 35 years over the years. The basic objective of the study is to identify reasons beneath transformations of traditional livelihood and sudden decline of Toto tribe. Based on different research, global understandings and valuable readings, what instrumental steps can be taken to preserve and protect them. Primary survey and secondary data sources have been used for the data collection. A household survey was executed with the help of snowball sampling in December 2018 at Totopara in Madarihaat block of Alipurduar district, West Bengal. Remedial and descriptive methods and qualitative techniques have been used for analysis of data. After the analysis, it was concluded that increasing the education and awareness level through workshops, documentaries, camps, public meetings, discussions, discourse, rallies, seminars and cultural programs would play an instrumental role to put a cap on the declining population of the locals and would lead to their sustainable growth and development.  Keywords Culture-Aboriginal- Extinction- Thalassemia-Sustainable Growth

Untrustworthy News and the Media as “Enemy of the People?” How a Populist Worldview Shapes Recipients’ Attitudes toward the Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayla Fawzi
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Commercial Media ◽  
The People ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
The Media

A common feature among populist parties and movements is their negative perspective on the media’s role in society. This paper analyzes whether citizens with a populist worldview also hold negative attitudes toward the media. From a theoretical point of view, the paper shows that both the anti-elite, anti-outgroup and people centrism dimension of populism contradicts the normative expectations toward the media. For instance, the assumption of a homogeneous people and the exclusion of a societal outgroup is incompatible with a pluralistic media coverage. The results of a representative survey in Germany predominantly confirmed a relation between a populist worldview and negative media attitudes. However, the three populism dimensions influenced the evaluations not in a consistent way. A systematic relation could only be found for antielite populism, which is negatively associated with all analyzed media evaluations such as media trust or satisfaction with the media’s performance. This indicates that in a populist worldview, the media are perceived as part of a detached elite that neglects the citizens’ interests. However, the results confirm the assumption of a natural ally between populism and tabloid or commercial media. Individuals with people centrist and anti-outgroup attitudes have higher trust in these media outlets.

Middle East Experience in Palliative Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaith F. Abu Zeinah ◽  
Sadeer G. Al-Kindi ◽  
Azza Adel Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources

Palliative Care (PC) is still a relatively new concept in the Middle East (ME). It was first introduced in Saudi Arabia in 1992 and only recently in countries such as Qatar, Bahrain, and the UAE. Although the majority of Middle-Eastern countries, including Palestine, Iraq, Oman and Lebanon are in the capacity building phase, others such as Saudi and Jordan already have localized provision. In the absence of any of the ME countries approaching integration with the mainstream service providers, Saudi Arabia and Jordan are currently setting examples of achievement in the field. There are still countries with little or no known Palliative Care activity (Yemen and Syria). Political issues, scarcity of resources, and lack of education and awareness seem to be the common factors restricting the progress of this field in most countries. In order to improve the suboptimal PC services in the ME, emphasis should be directed toward providing formal education to professionals and raising awareness of the public. It is also necessary to put all differences aside and develop cross-border collaborations, whether through third party organizations such as the Middle East Cancer Consortium (MECC) or otherwise. This review compiles the available literature on the history and progress of the field of PC in most ME countries, while pointing out the major obstacles encountered by the active parties of each country.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude towards epilepsy among pharmacy students from Mumbai university

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2578
Author(s):  
Dnyanesh Limaye ◽  
Omkar Deshpande ◽  
Pratik Gite ◽  
Sushil Chavan ◽  
Arlan Sydymanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Hereditary Nature ◽  
The Brain

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain that affects people worldwide. The overall prevalence (3.0-11.9 / 1,000) and incidence (0.2-0.6/1,000) of epilepsy in India are comparable to the rates of high-income countries. The high prevalence of negative attitudes towards epilepsy has been highlighted by several studies. Pharmacy students represent a better-educated section of society regarding drugs and have the potential to create awareness, and influence attitudes towards the disease. Thus, it is important that they have the appropriate and updated knowledge and appropriate attitude towards epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs. Objective of the present study was to determine the Mumbai University pharmacy student’s awareness about epilepsy, so as to know the kind of education and awareness strategies that would be applicable to them.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May-June 2017. Two hundred and fifty students were approached to participate in the study of which 213 agreed to participate (males: 107; females: 106). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.Results: Response rate for this study was 85.2% (213/250). Ninety six percent (204/213) of the participants had heard or read about epilepsy. Overall knowledge was poor (40.2%) and attitude was fair (75.3%). None of the participants were aware about recent research regarding hereditary nature of epilepsy. Only 2 (0.98%) students were aware how to perform the first aid in epilepsy. Only 6.8% participants felt that epileptics should participate in sports.Conclusions: The findings of this study show that, even with extensive curriculum covering diseases, drugs and relevant laws of land, the knowledge and attitude scores were low. There is a need to have focused education and campaigns to increase the knowledge and attitude towards epilepsy.

scholarly journals An experimental investigation of victim blaming in sexual assault: The roles of victim sexual orientation, coercion type, and stereotypes about bisexual women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Dyar ◽  
Brian A. Feinstein ◽  
RaeAnn Elizabeth Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Influence Perceptions

Bisexual women are more likely to be sexually assaulted and to receive negative reactions to disclosures of sexual assault than heterosexual and lesbian women. However, few studies have examined the extent to which victim sexual orientation and related factors influence perceptions of sexual assault victims and perpetrators. To fill this gap, the current study used an experimental manipulation to examine the influence of victim sexual orientation and coercion type on perceptions of sexual assault victims and perpetrators. Participants (N = 826) were randomly assigned to read one of nine vignettes in which the sexual orientation of the female victim (bisexual, lesbian, heterosexual) and the type of coercion (verbal, physical, alcohol incapacitation) were varied. Then, participants were asked a series of questions about the victim and the perpetrator. Results indicated that bisexual and heterosexual female victims were both perceived as having wanted to have sex with the perpetrator more and as having “led the perpetrator on” more than lesbian victims. In contrast, victim sexual orientation was not associated with explicit ratings of victim or perpetrator responsibility or victim suffering. Bisexual female victims were also perceived as more promiscuous than both lesbian and heterosexual female victims. In turn, perceiving the victim as more promiscuous was associated with perceiving the victim as more responsible, having wanted to have sex with the perpetrator more, having “led the perpetrator on” more, and suffering less, and with perceiving the perpetrator as less responsible. In sum, our findings suggest that efforts to reduce sexual violence toward bisexual women should attend to negative attitudes toward bisexual women, especially the perception of bisexual women as promiscuous.

Self-Labeled and Visible Identities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Penney
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
Influence Perceptions ◽  
Profile Pictures

This chapter focuses on the identity politics of social movements and uses the case study of gay and lesbian activism to examine how citizen media participation is mobilized in strategic projects of public visibility. It charts how citizens use mediated acts of self-labeling, such as changing profile pictures on social media, to announce the presence of their identities and attempt to influence perceptions of social and political reality. This model of “coming out” may have particular resonance for the LGBT community that has long sought to end its historical invisibility, yet it has also been adopted by a wide range of constituencies who seek to challenge notions of who “the people” truly are. Public visibility campaigns may also contribute to a flattening of differences as social identities become branded with a homogenized set of symbolic artifacts, suggesting the potential limits of visibility as a strategy for inducing social and political change.

Self-harm presentations in emergency departments: staff attitudes and triage

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (22) ◽  
pp. 1468-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sithandazile Masuku
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Staff Attitudes ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

Addressing the rising incidence of self-harm and the demand this places on emergency departments (EDs) are UK Government healthcare priorities. A history of self-harm is linked with suicide risk, so self-harm is a public health issue. The ED is the first point of contact for many people who self-harm so it plays a pivotal role in access to services. Research has highlighted difficulties around triage and assessment in EDs of patients who self-harm, especially frequent attenders. The evidence base on patient experience related to addressing negative staff attitudes is lacking, despite their potent nature and impact on care. Limited knowledge of self-harm aetiology and clinical inexperience have been found to be fundamental to nurses' negative attitudes when dealing with patients who self-harm. This has been linked to negative patient outcomes, including a reluctance to engage with services. This article acknowledges positive changes that have been made and highlights the importance of the triage stage, which is a potential service improvement area, where it would be possible to start and drive positive change in the care of people who self-harm. To address knowledge gaps in education and management, clinical understanding of the aetiology of self-harm should be improved with the aid of education on self-harm cycles. Nurses should also be made aware of common myths surrounding self-harm, as these are barriers to care. Recommendations for practice include partnership working and the urgent need for formal education on this topic for all health professionals working in EDs.

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