scholarly journals The effect of different starters on performance and physiological characteristics of early-weaned female Holstein calves

Mljekarstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Stipo Benak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Soy Proteins ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Holstein Calves

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of different starters consisted of dried whey and soy proteins with low anti-nutritive factors (ANFs) + amino acids (lysine and methionine) on body measurements, biochemical parameters, and feed consumption of early-weaned female Holstein calves. Based on the starter, calves were divided into four groups: i) control (control starter), ii) E1 (starter with added dry whey), iii) E2 (starter with added soy proteins with low ANFs + lysine and methionine), and iv) E3 (starter with added dry whey and soy proteins with low ANFs + lysine and methionine). Results indicate that different starters based on whey powder and soy proteins with low ANFs + lysine and methionine significantly affected the consumption of milk replacer and starter, the total consumption of dry matter, then withers in height, and body length (among body traits) as well as NEFA (among blood biochemical parameters) of female Holstein calves. Finally, starters based on dried whey and soy proteins with low ANFs + lysine and methionine could be recommended to optimize the growth and feed consumption.

scholarly journals Decoquinate, lasalocid and monensin for starter feeds and the performance of holstein calves to 20 weeks of age

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Maris Bittar Nussio ◽  
John Tal Huber ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Nussio
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

The large utilization of coccidiostats in dairy herds has raised the question regards the best product to use, based on better animal performance. Sixty-four Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatments at 10 (±4) d of age to evaluate calf performance when fed approved coccidiostats available on the market in Arizona, USA. Calves received a dry calf starter without (control) or with one of the following coccidiostats: lasalocid, 30 mg kg-1; decoquinate, 19 mg kg-1; and monensin, 30 mg kg-1. Calves received 3.6 kg d-1 of a commercial 22% CP:20% fat milk replacer until 6 wk of age. Calves were offered starter "ad libitum" up to 2 kg d-1, and calves had free access to water throughout the trial. Alfalfa hay was offered "ad libitum" after weaning. Performance and dry matter intake (DMI) were monitored for 20 weeks and broken down in different periods of measurement (0-6, 7-12 and 13-20 weeks, respectively). Despite the lower dry matter intake and weight gain for females on monensin treatment during the whole period, differences among coccidiostats were seldom observed under the conditions of this study. Good calf management and the dry, hot climate of Arizona perhaps diminished the chances for subclinical and chronic disease appearance which negated potential differences and differences in calf performances.

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF SOYBEAN, RAPESEED, AND FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED RAPESEED MEALS IN UREA-CONTAINING CALF RATIONS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Molar Percent

Twenty-four Holstein calves were fed three experimental rations containing either 14% soybean meal, 20% rapeseed meal, or 20% formaldehyde-treated (0.7 g formaldehyde/100 g protein) rapeseed meal from 8 to 22 wk of age. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in feed consumption, dry matter intake, liveweight gain, and feed conversion among the three groups. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in rumen ammonia levels in calves receiving the treated rapeseed meal compared with the untreated rapeseed meal rations. Plasma urea levels and rumen fluid volatile fatty acids (mmol/100 ml and molar percent) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among treatments. There were no significant differences in the digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy among treatments, although treating the rapeseed meal with formaldehyde tended to reduce dry matter, nitrogen, fiber, and energy digestibility.

scholarly journals Dynamics of biochemical indicators in blood of replacement heifers of black and military breed during use of selenorganic preparations

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Yuriy Nikolaevich Prytkov ◽  
Anna Aleksandrovna Kistina
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Blood Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Blood Biochemical

The results of the influence of different dosages of organoselenium preparations on the blood biochemical parameters of replacement heifers in different age periods are presented. It was found that the inclusion of organic selenium preparations Sel-Plex and DAFS-25 in the diet of replacement heifers up to 18 months of age at the rate of selenium 0.20–0.36 mg / kg of dry matter of the diet contributed to an increase in protein metabolism.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Histidine on Growth Performance, Serum Amino Acids, and Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota Communities in Low Protein Diet-Fed Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Meng Kang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Blood Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Low Protein

Previous study showed that low protein diet-fed pigs are characterized by lower histidine concentration in the serum and muscle, suggesting that histidine may involve in protein-restricted response. Thus, the current study mainly investigated the effects of dietary histidine on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and amino acids, intestinal morphology, and microbiota communities in low protein diet-challenged-piglets. The results showed that protein restriction inhibited growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and amino acids, and gut microbiota but had little effect on intestinal morphology. Dietary supplementation with histidine markedly enhanced serum histidine level and restored tryptophan concentration in low protein diet-fed piglets, while growth performance and intestinal morphology were not markedly altered in histidine-treated piglets. In addition, histidine exposure failed to affect bacterial diversity (observed species, Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, ACE, and phylogenetic diversity), but histidine-treated piglets exhibited higher abundances of Butyrivibrio and Bacteroides compared with the control and protein-restricted piglets. In conclusion, dietary histidine in low protein diet enhanced histidine concentration and affected gut microbiota (Butyrivibrio and Bacteroides) but failed to improve growth performance and intestinal morphology.

AN EVALUATION OF MILK REPLACERS BASED ON THE GROWTH RATE, HEALTH AND BLOOD CHEMISTRY OF HOLSTEIN CALVES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Milk Replacers

Forty male Holstein calves were divided into four groups; one group was offered whole milk and each of the others was given a different milk replacer. All calves were fed at 12% of body weight for 6 wk and a starter ration was fed free choice for the last 3 wk of the trial. Growth rate was 0.58, 0.32, 0.30, and 0.25 kg/day for whole milk and milk replacers B, C, and D, respectively, while the respective intake of calf starter was 0.23, 0.36, 0.34, and 0.38 kg/day of dry matter per calf per day. Feed conversions during the last 3 wk of the experiment were 1.15, 1.66, 1.45, and 1.65 kg of dry matter per kg of gain for whole milk and replacers B, C, and D, respectively. Blood hematocrit was higher for calves fed milk replacer B than for the other three treatments. Blood glucose levels were 123, 96, 107 and 101 mg percent for whole milk and milk replacers B, C, and D, respectively. The relationships between plasma glucose and blood urea nitrogen with growth rate and intake of calf starter were evaluated.

scholarly journals Effects of ketosis in dairy cows on blood biochemical parameters, milk yield and composition, and digestive capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-560
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Bingbing Zhang ◽  
Chuang Xu ◽  
Hongyou Zhang ◽  
Cheng Xia
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Digestive Capacity ◽  
Blood Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to characterise the effects of ketosis on milk yield and composition and digestive capacity in transition dairy cows. Material and Methods Seven ketotic and seven healthy cows were housed in individual stalls for six days. Samples of plasma, milk, refused total mixed ration, and faeces were collected, and the blood biochemical parameters, milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and faecal dry matter (FDM) production were determined. Results Compared with healthy cows, the ketotic cows had significantly higher concentrations of milk fat and citrate, but lower levels of milk protein and lactose. The cows exhibited a need for acid detergent fibre in forage and better digestion of neutral detergent fibre, starch, crude protein, and phosphorus than healthy cows, but more fat and gross energy were excreted in their faeces. Ketotic cows had higher energy-corrected milk yields and lower FDM than healthy cows. Conclusion Lower feed intake coinciding with the requirement to maintain high milk production is considered to be the cause of ketosis in dairy cows. Ketotic cows exhibited lower dry matter fat digestion.

PLASMA AMINO ACIDS IN COWS FED HIGH-FIBER UREA-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BOUCHARD ◽  
H. R. CONRAD
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Starch Diet

A diet containing, on a dry matter basis, 41.8% acid detergent fiber and 17.9% crude protein, of which 55% was obtained from urea, was compared for lactating dairy cows with a diet in which nitrogen was supplied from vegetable protein, and most of the total digestible nutrients were from starch. Dry matter intake was 17.6 and 14.9 kg per day (P < 0.05), 4% fat-corrected milk production was 23.2 and 20.8 kg per day (P < 0.05), and total levels of essential amino acids were 159.78 and 176.14 μg/ml (P < 0.05), respectively, for the cows receiving the protein–starch diet, compared with those receiving the urea–fiber diet. Except for serine, proline, cystine, asparagine and threonine, the plasma amino acids were lower in cows fed the protein–starch diet than in cows fed the fiber–urea diet. The plasma content of all amino acids except aspartic acid, glutamic acid and cystine increased consistently during the 1st mo of lactation. This elevation was coincidental with an increasing daily rate of feed consumption and a more rapidly increasing milk production.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dried Grape Pomace Feeding on Nutrients Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Profile of Wethers

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1194
Author(s):  
Miroslav Juráček ◽  
Patrícia Vašeková ◽  
Peter Massányi ◽  
Anton Kováčik ◽  
Daniel Bíro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Enzymatic Profile ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

The aim of this study was to find the effect of dried grape pomace (GP) feeding on the nutrients digestibility coefficients and biochemical parameters of sheep blood serum. The experiment was divided into three feeding periods—C (control), GP1 (1% grape pomace concentration), and GP2 (2% grape pomace concentration). Wethers in three groups in balance cages were housed for right feces collection. The C feed diet consisted of hay, ground wheat, soybean meal, mineral and vitamin lick. An experimental diet with 1% and 2% addition of GP from the daily dry matter intake was fed. After that, digestibility coefficients (in %) were calculated by the difference between nutrient intake and excretion. Furthermore, in the wethers’ blood, biochemical parameters (mineral, energetic, nitrogen, and enzymatic profile) were analyzed. After the GP2 feeding, statistically significant higher digestibility of CP (crude protein), NFC (nonfiber carbohydrates), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), and OM (organic matter) was found. However, the addition of dried GP increased significantly the content of Cl− and decreased the value of glucose, nevertheless, their concentrations were within the reference interval. Parameters of the wethers’ blood serum nitrogen and enzymatic profile were not affected by GP feeding. Dried grape pomace in an amount of 2% diet dry matter can be considered a suitable source of nutrients in sheep feeding, which in addition should improve the digestibility of diet crude protein.

EFFECTS OF FLUID INTAKE LEVEL AND DRY MATTER CONCENTRATION ON THE INCIDENCE OF SCOURS IN MILK REPLACER-FED CALVES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. STILES ◽  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
D. G. BUTLER ◽  
R. A. WILLOUGHBY
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Fluid Level ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Matter Concentration

Thirty-six Holstein calves were used for this experiment from the 3rd to the 20th day of age. During this time, a commercial milk replacer containing 10% fat and 20% protein was fed at three fluid intake levels: low (L), medium (M) and high (H); and three dietary dry matter (DM) concentrations: dilute (D), normal (N) and concentrated (C). Results showed that calves offered the replacer at intake level H had a greater number of days of loose feces, dull demeanor and moderate or severe dehydration compared to calves receiving L and M treatments. Calves fed the highest DM concentration (C) had a greater number of days when the rectal temperature was greater than 39 C, as compared to calves fed treatment D. A higher incidence of scouring was observed during days 9–14 of age than in days 3–8 or 15–20. All calves lost weight during the trial, the greatest weight losses occurring with calves fed the fluid level L and DM concentration D. It was concluded that level of fluid intake was of greater importance in control of calf scours than was dietary dry matter concentration.

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