Combustion Synthesis of TiN Induced by High-energy Ball Milling of Ti Under Nitrogen Atmosphere

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1655-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Gotor ◽  
M. D. Alcalá ◽  
C. Real ◽  
J. M. Criado
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Pressure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Titanium Powders ◽  
Gas Reactions ◽  
Full Conversion

A planetary ball-mill device that enables one to perform solid-gas reactions at constant pressure was developed. Titanium powders were ball milled under nitrogen at a spinning rate of 960 rpm. The influence of the nitrogen pressure on the mechanochemical reactivity of titanium was analyzed at 1.5 and 11 bars. A spontaneous combustion took place during the grinding process, leading to a high yield of TiN for short milling times. The conversion of titanium into titanium nitride was facilitated by increasing the nitrogen pressure. At 11 bars, full conversion was reached for grinding times shorter than 5 h. Titanium nitride obtained in this way exhibited a high sintering activity.

Alumina-Based Functional Materials Hardened with Al or Ti and Al-nitride or Ti-nitride Dispersions

2010 ◽  
Vol 1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Miranda-Hernández ◽  
Elizabeth Refugio-Garcia ◽  
Elizabeth Garfias-García ◽  
Enrique Rocha-Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nitride Layer ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Functional Material ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Titanium Powders

AbstractThe synthesis of Al2O3-based functional materials having 10 vol. % of fine aluminum or titanium and aluminum-disperse or titanium-dispersed nitride hardened-particles has been explored. Two experimental steps have been set for the synthesis; specifically, sintering of Al2O3-aluminum or Al2O3-titanium powders which were thoroughly mixed under high energy ball-milling, pressureless-sintered at 1400°C during 1 h in argon atmosphere and then for the second step it was induced formation of aluminum nitride or titanium nitride at 500°C during different times (24, 72 and 120 h) by a nitriding process via immersion in ammoniac salts. SEM analyses of the microstructures obtained in nitride bodies were performed in order to know the effect of the ammoniac salts used as nitrating on the microstructure of aluminum or titanium for each studied functional material. It was observed that an aluminum nitride or titanium nitride layer growth from the surface into the bulk and reaches different depth as the nitriding time of the functional material was increased. The use of aluminum or titanium significantly enhanced density level and hardness of the functional materials.

scholarly journals Effect of Milling Parameters on the Development of a Nanostructured FCC–TiNb15Mn Alloy via High-Energy Ball Milling

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Cristina García-Garrido ◽  
Ranier Sepúlveda Sepúlveda Ferrer ◽  
Christopher Salvo ◽  
Lucía García-Domínguez ◽  
Luis Pérez-Pozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Milling Parameters ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Full Conversion

In this work, a blend of Ti, Nb, and Mn powders, with a nominal composition of 15 wt.% of Mn, and balanced Ti and Nb wt.%, was selected to be mechanically alloyed by the following two alternative high-energy milling devices: a vibratory 8000D mixer/mill® and a PM400 Retsch® planetary ball mill. Two ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) conditions (10:1 and 20:1) were applied, to study the evolution of the synthesized phases under each of the two mechanical alloying conditions. The main findings observed include the following: (1) the sequence conversion evolved from raw elements to a transitory bcc-TiNbMn alloy, and subsequently to an fcc-TiNb15Mn alloy, independent of the milling conditions; (2) the total full conversion to the fcc-TiNb15Mn alloy was only reached by the planetary mill at a minimum of 12 h of milling time, for either of the BPR employed; (3) the planetary mill produced a non-negligible Fe contamination from the milling media, when the highest BPR and milling time were applied; and (4) the final fcc-TiNb15Mn alloy synthesized presents a nanocrystalline nature and a partial degree of amorphization.

scholarly journals Mechanical synthesis of chemically bonded phosphorus–graphene hybrid as high-temperature lubricating oil additive

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4595-4603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhu Wu ◽  
Kuiliang Gong ◽  
Gaiqing Zhao ◽  
Wenjing Lou ◽  
Xiaobo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Mechanical Synthesis ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Lubricating Oil Additive

Red phosphorus (P) was covalently attached to graphene nanosheets (Gr) using high-energy ball-milling under a nitrogen atmosphere.

Characterization of titanium powders processed in n-hexane by high-energy ball milling

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1681-1690
Author(s):  
A. H. Restrepo ◽  
J. M. Ríos ◽  
F. Arango ◽  
E. Correa ◽  
A. A. Zuleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Titanium Powders

Atmosphere effects of the amorphization reaction in NiZr by ball milling

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aoki ◽  
A. Memezawa ◽  
T. Masumoto
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Energy Ball Mill ◽  
Energy Ball

An intermetallic compound c–NiZr and a mixture of elemental powders of nickel and zirconium [Ni50Zr50 (at. %)] have been mechanically ground (MG) and mechanically alloyed (MA), respectively, using a high-energy ball mill in various atmospheres. The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and chemical analysis as a function of milling time. An amorphous a–NiZr alloy was prepared by both MG and MA in an argon atmosphere. By MG of NiZr, an amorphous nitride a–NiZrN0.15 was synthesized in a nitrogen atmosphere, while a crystalline hydride c–NiZrH3 was formed in a hydrogen atmosphere. On the other hand, ZrN and ZrH2 were formed by MA in a nitrogen and a hydrogen atmosphere, respectively. The amorphization reaction was observed between ZrH2 and Ni by further MA in a hydrogen atmosphere, and a mixture of a–NiZrxHy (x < 1) and ZrH2 was obtained. However, no amorphization was observed by MA between ZrN and Ni in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effects of the milling atmosphere on the phase formations during MG and MA are discussed based on the gas absorption rate.

scholarly journals Combustion of Titanium–Carbon Black High-Energy Ball-Milled Mixtures in Nitrogen: Formation of Titanium Carbonitrides at Atmospheric Pressure

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Michail A. Korchagin ◽  
Dina V. Dudina ◽  
Alexander I. Gavrilov ◽  
Boris B. Bokhonov ◽  
Natalia V. Bulina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Titanium Carbonitrides ◽  
Carbon Black Powder ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
First Time

In this work, titanium carbonitrides were synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in nitrogen. For the first time, the synthesis of titanium carbonitrides by combustion was realized in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. The synthesis was carried out by subjecting high-energy ball-milled titanium–carbon black powder mixtures to combustion in a nitrogen atmosphere. The influence of the ball milling time on the phase composition of the products of SHS conducted in the Ti+0.3C reaction mixture was studied. It was found that the titanium–carbon black mixtures need to be milled for a certain period of time for the combustion synthesis to yield a single-phase carbonitride product.

Synthesis of High Nitrogen Stainless Steel Powders by High Energy Ball Milling and their SPS Compaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1142-1145
Author(s):  
Da Wei Cui ◽  
Jin Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
High Energy Ball Milling ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
High Nitrogen Stainless Steel

High nitrogen nanostructured Fe-17Cr-11Mn-3Mo stainless steel powders were produced by high energy ball milling under a nitrogen atmosphere. It was found with increasing the milling time, the nitrogen contents of the powder mixtures increase linearly up to 1.98 wt pct after 96h, and a linear regression equation, WN = 0.19357 + 0.01887t , has been further established. In addition, with the increased milling time, the crystallite sizes and particle sizes of the powders decrease continuously, the lattice strains and sphericity of the powders increase gradually. After milling 60h, the high nitrogen nanocrystalline stainless steel powders with a fine particle size range of 5~10μm, excellent sphericity and uniform components can be obtained, whose crystallite size is about 5.0nm and lattice strain is about 1.0%. The powders milled for 60h was compacted using spark plasma sintering process at different temperatures. It is found that a fully austenitic high nitrogen stainless steel with almost full densification can be obtained by SPS at 1000°C, whose nitrogen content is 0.82 wt pct.

scholarly journals Dense Nanostructured Nickel Produced by SPS from Mechanically Activated Powders: Enhancement of Mechanical Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Naimi ◽  
L. Minier ◽  
S. Le Gallet ◽  
H. Couque ◽  
F. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Ductility ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
High Energy Ball Mill ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Microstructure Measurements

An investigation was performed to evaluate the potential of the spark plasma sintering process in producing dense nanostructured materials. Microstructured and nanostructured nickel was sintered by SPS starting from nickel powder (APS 3–7 m) in the as-received state and after a mechanical activation using a high-energy ball mill. First, a sintering study to determine SPS processing conditions to reach full densification was carried out with specimens 50 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height. In a second step, an experimental investigation was undertaken with dense nickel disks to generate tensile properties. The tensile tests were performed at a strain rate of 10−3 s−1with specimens 16 mm in gage length and 4 mm in gage diameter. Tensile ductility in excess of 40% was reached with the microstructured nickel. For the nanostructured nickel, high yield stresses in excess of 600 MPa were measured with a tensile ductility of 30%. These results were analyzed through densification and microstructure measurements.

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