Direct observations of incipient plasticity during nanoindentation of Al

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Minor ◽  
E.T. Lilleodden ◽  
E.A. Stach ◽  
J.W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Dislocation Nucleation ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Incipient Plasticity ◽  
Grain Boundary Motion ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plastic Deformation ◽  
Insight Into

The mechanical testing technique for in situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope is described and is shown to provide real-time observations of the mechanisms of plastic deformation that occur during nanoindentation. Here, the importance of this technique was demonstrated on an aluminum thin film deposited on a single-crystalline silicon substrate. Significant results include direct observation of dislocation nucleation, characterization of the dislocation distribution created by indentation, and the observation of indentation-induced grain boundary motion. The observations achieved by this technique provide unique insight into mechanical behavior studied with conventional instrumented nanoindentation techniques and also provide microstructural-level understanding of the mechanics of ultrasmall volumes.

Direct Observations of Grain Boundary Phenomena during Indentation of Al and Al-Mg Thin Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Soer ◽  
J. Th. M. De Hosson ◽  
A. M. Minor ◽  
E. A. Stach ◽  
J. W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Dislocation Dynamics ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Grain Boundary Motion

ABSTRACTThe deformation behavior of Al and Al-Mg thin films has been studied with the unique experimental approach of in-situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope. This paper concentrates on the role of solute Mg additions in the transfer of plasticity across grain boundaries. The investigated Al alloys were deposited onto a Si substrate as thin films with a thickness of 200–300 nm and Mg concentrations of 0, 1.1, 1.8, 2.6 and 5.0 wt% Mg. The results show that in the Al-Mg alloys, the solutes effectively pin high-angle grain boundaries, while in pure Al considerable grain boundary motion is observed at room temperature. The mobility of low-angle grain boundaries is however not affected by the presence of Mg. In addition, Mg was observed to affect dislocation dynamics in the matrix.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Epoxidised and Acrylated Styrene/Isoprene/Styrene (SIS) Triblock Block Copolymer Based Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Khanal ◽  
Alina Shakya ◽  
Goerg H. Michler ◽  
Boulos Youssef ◽  
Jean M. Saiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Immiscible Polymers ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Boehmite Nanoparticles ◽  
Solution Casting Method

In this work, a commercially available Styrene-Isoprene-Styrene (SIS)triblock copolymer was modified into epoxidised version (ESIS)using performic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and formic acid. The epoxidised sample was further acrylated to prepare acrylated version (ASIS). The nanocomposites of each sample (SIS, ESIS and ASIS) were prepared using boehmite nanoparticles as filler by solution casting method. The polymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM investigations revealed that that the epoxidation of the diene block enhanced the dispersion of the nanofiller in the polymer matrix while the segregation of the nanoparticles towards the interface of the immiscible polymers was observed in the acrylated block copolymer based nanocomposite. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v28i0.8112 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 28, 2011 Page: 84-88 Uploaded Date: May 24, 2013

Motion of Crystal/Crystal and Crystal/Amorphous Interfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Batstone
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Boundary Motion ◽  
High Temperature Annealing ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Grain Boundary Motion

AbstractMotion of ordered twin/matrix interfaces in films of silicon on sapphire occurs during high temperature annealing. This process is shown to be thermally activated and is analogous to grain boundary motion. Motion of amorphous/crystalline interfaces occurs during recrystallization of CoSi2 and NiSi2 from the amorphous phase. In-situ transmission electron microscopy has revealed details of the growth kinetics and interfacial roughness.

Fabrication and In Situ Transmission Electron Microscope Characterization of Free-Standing Graphene Nanoribbon Devices

ACS Nano ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Wang ◽  
Ryo Kitaura ◽  
Shoji Suzuki ◽  
Yuhei Miyauchi ◽  
Kazunari Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Graphene Nanoribbon ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Transmission Electron

Biogeochemistry and Climate

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Han Dolman
Keyword(s):  
Ice Cores ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter focuses on tools for climate research: biogeochemical observations and models. It discusses physical climate observations, such as temperature and humidity, and in situ observations of atmospheric composition. Turning these into reliable climate records appears to be non-trivial. The chapter describes how isotopes are used to get insight into biogeochemical processes. A special category of observations is biogeochemical proxy observations, used to gain insight into geological processes when no direct observations are possible. The example of climate proxy observations, such as those obtained via ice cores, is described. Models are increasingly used to gain insight into sensitivity of climate to changes in the forcing. Earth system modelling has become increasingly complex over the last two decades, including often detailed biogeochemical processes in the ocean and on land. The parametrization of these remains an important research subject. Inverse modelling is being used to identify sources and sinks of greenhouse gases.

scholarly journals Hydrogenative Cyclization of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone with Methanol and Ni-Fe Bimetallic Catalysts

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Ligang Luo ◽  
Xiao Han ◽  
Qin Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Donor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Temperature Programmed

A series of Ni-Fe/SBA-15 catalysts was prepared and tested for the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone, adopting methanol as the only hydrogen donor, and investigating the synergism between Fe and Ni, both supported on SBA-15, towards this reaction. The characterization of the synthesized catalysts was carried out by XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), H2-TPD (hydrogen temperature-programmed desorption), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and in situ FT-IR (Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy) techniques. H2-TPD and XPS results have shown that electron transfer occurs from Fe to Ni, which is helpful both for the activation of the C=O bond and for the dissociative activation of H2 molecules, also in agreement with the results of the in situ FT-IR spectroscopy. The effect of temperature and reaction time on γ-valerolactone production was also investigated, identifying the best reaction conditions at 200 °C and 180 min, allowing for the complete conversion of levulinic acid and the complete selectivity to γ-valerolactone. Moreover, methanol was identified as an efficient hydrogen donor, if used in combination with the Ni-Fe/SBA-15 catalyst. The obtained results are promising, especially if compared with those obtained with the traditional and more expensive molecular hydrogen and noble-based catalysts.

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