Effects of residual (or internal) stress on ferroelectric domain wall motion in tetragonal lead titanate

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1803-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonyoung Chang ◽  
Alexander H. King ◽  
Keith J. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Domain Wall Motion ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Area Detector

The effect of temperature on grinding-induced texture in tetragonal lead titanate (PT) has been investigated as a function of the magnitude of loading applied to the sample surface during grinding, using in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) with an area detector. Compared to the ground PT under lower loading conditions (5 N), the ground PT under higher loading conditions (40 N) retains strong ferroelastic texture near the Curie temperature (TC) around 350 °C and undergoes smaller changes in lattice parameter or tetragonality versus temperature during in situ thermal cycling between room temperature and approximately 100 °C above the TC. Inhibited depoling of ground PT materials investigated by in situ texture measurements demonstrates the effects of residual stresses.

Thermal effects on mechanical grinding-induced surface texture in tetragonal piezoelectrics

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 2845-2850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonyoung Chang ◽  
Alexander H. King ◽  
Keith J. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Domain Wall Motion ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of temperature on grinding-induced texture in tetragonal lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lead titanate (PT) has been investigated using in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) with an area detector. In contrast with previous results on electrical poling, mechanically-ground PT and soft PZT materials retain strong ferroelastic textures during thermal cycling, even after excursions to temperatures slightly above the Curie temperature. The relationship between the residual stresses in the surface region, caused by grinding, and those resulting from domain wall motion is elucidated by in situ texture measurements obtained during thermal cycling.

SIZE-INDUCED EFFECTS IN NANOSTRUCTURED NiFe2O4

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (30) ◽  
pp. 5973-5985
Author(s):  
M. GUNES ◽  
H. GENCER ◽  
T. IZGI ◽  
V. S. KOLAT ◽  
S. ATALAY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a hydrothermal process, and the effect of temperature on them was studied. The particles were annealed at various temperatures ranging from 413 to 1473 K. Studies were carried out using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The annealing temperature had a significant effect on the magnetic and structural parameters, such as the crystallite size, lattice parameter, magnetization and coercivity.

Multipurpose diffractometer for in situ X-ray crystallography of functional materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semën Gorfman ◽  
David Spirito ◽  
Netanela Cohen ◽  
Peter Siffalovic ◽  
Peter Nadazdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reciprocal Space Mapping ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

Laboratory X-ray diffractometers play a crucial role in X-ray crystallography and materials science. Such instruments still vastly outnumber synchrotron facilities and are responsible for most of the X-ray characterization of materials around the world. The efforts to enhance the design and performance of in-house X-ray diffraction instruments benefit a broad research community. Here, the realization of a custom-built multipurpose four-circle diffractometer in the laboratory for X-ray crystallography of functional materials at Tel Aviv University, Israel, is reported. The instrument is equipped with a microfocus Cu-based X-ray source, collimating X-ray optics, four-bounce monochromator, four-circle goniometer, large (PILATUS3 R 1M) pixel area detector, analyser crystal and scintillating counter. It is suitable for a broad range of tasks in X-ray crystallography/structure analysis and materials science. All the relevant X-ray beam parameters (total flux, flux density, beam divergence, monochromaticity) are reported and several applications such as determination of the crystal orientation matrix and high-resolution reciprocal-space mapping are demonstrated. The diffractometer is suitable for measuring X-ray diffraction in situ under an external electric field, as demonstrated by the measurement of electric-field-dependent rocking curves of a quartz single crystal. The diffractometer can be used as an independent research instrument, but also as a training platform and for preparation for synchrotron experiments.

Inflexible stoichiometry in bulk pyrite FeS2 as viewed by in situ and high-resolution X-ray diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. McAuliffe ◽  
Daniel P. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Iron Pyrite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Intrinsic Defects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solubility Range ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
Line Compound

Non-stoichiometry is considered to be one of the main problems limiting iron pyrite, FeS2, as a photovoltaic absorber material. Although some historical diffraction experiments have implied a large solubility range of FeS2−δ with δ up to 0.25, the current consensus based on calculated formation energies of intrinsic defects has lent support to line-compound behavior. Here it is shown that pyrite stoichiometry is relatively inflexible in both reductive conditions and in autogenous sulfur partial pressure, which produces samples with precise stoichiometry of FeS2 even at different Fe/S ratios. By properly standardizing in situ gas-flow X-ray diffraction measurements, no significant changes in the lattice parameter of FeS2 can be resolved, which portrays iron pyrite as prone to forming sulfur-deficient compounds, but not intrinsic defects in the manner of NiS2−δ.

The Effect of Temperature and Support on the Reduction of Cobalt Oxide: An in Situ X-ray Diffraction Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 5484-5490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Javier Garces ◽  
Beatriz Hincapie ◽  
Richard Zerger ◽  
Steven L. Suib
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals An approach to high-throughput X-ray diffraction analysis of combinatorial polycrystalline thin film libraries

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Roncallo ◽  
O. Karimi ◽  
K. D. Rogers ◽  
D. W. Lane ◽  
S. A. Ansari
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raster Scanning ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Compositional Gradients

With the demand for higher rates of discovery in the materials field, characterization techniques that are capable of rapidly and reliably surveying the characteristics of large numbers of samples are essential. A chemical combinatorial approach using thin films can provide detailed phase diagrams without the need to produce multiple, individual samples. This is achieved with compositional gradients forming high-density libraries. Conventional raster scanning of chemical or structural probes is subsequently used to interrogate the libraries. A new, alternative approach to raster scanning is introduced to provide a method of high-throughput data collection and analysis using an X-ray diffraction probe. Libraries are interrogated with an extended X-ray source and the scattering data collected using an area detector. A simple technique of `partitioning' this scattering distribution enables determination of information comparable to conventional raster scanned results but in a dramatically reduced collection time. The technique has been tested using synthetic X-ray scattering distributions and those obtained from contrived samples. In all cases, the partitioning algorithm is shown to be robust and to provide reliable data; discrimination along the library principal axis is shown to be ∼500 µm and the lattice parameter resolution to be ∼10−3 Å mm−1. The limitations of the technique are discussed and future potential applications described.

A dispenser–reactor apparatus applied forin situXAS monitoring of Pt nanoparticle formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocenir Boita ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Castegnaro ◽  
Maria do Carmo Martins Alves ◽  
Jonder Morais
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Pt Nanoparticles ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
X Ray Absorption

In situtime-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements collected at the PtL3-edge during the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution are reported. A specially designed dispenser–reactor apparatus allowed for monitoring changes in the XAS spectra from the earliest moments of Pt ions in solution until the formation of metallic nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 4.9 ± 1.1 nm. By monitoring the changes in the local chemical environment of the Pt atoms in real time, it was possible to observe that the NPs formation kinetics involved two stages: a reduction-nucleation burst followed by a slow growth and stabilization of NPs. Subsequently, the synthesized Pt NPs were supported on activated carbon and characterized by synchrotron-radiation-excited X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The supported Pt NPs remained in the metallic chemical state and with a reduced size, presenting slight lattice parameter contraction in comparison with the bulk Pt values.

Structural Behaviour of Solid Solution in the SmAlO3−TbAlO3 System

2015 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalja Ohon ◽  
Leonid Vasylechko ◽  
Yurii Prots ◽  
Marcus Schmidt ◽  
I.I. Syvorotka
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Continuous Solid Solution ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synchrotron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Perovskite

Phase and structural behaviour in the SmAlO3–TbAlO3system has been studied in a whole concentration range by means of laboratory X-ray diffraction,in situhigh temperature synchrotron powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis. Formation of the continuous solid solution Sm1−xTbxAlO3with the orthorhombic perovskite structure (space groupPbnm) has been established. Peculiarity of the investigated system is lattice parameter crossovers resulted in the existence of three regions with different relations of the lattice parameters. Based on the results obtained, as well as an available literature data for the “pure” SmAlO3and TbAlO3, a phase diagram of the pseudo-binary SmAlO3–TbAlO3system has been constructed.

Oxygen-Induced Reversible Structural Change of Supported fine Silver Particles Observed by In Situ Optical Absorption and X-ray Diffraction

1990 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Yanase ◽  
Hiroshi Komiyama ◽  
Kazunobu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Surface Stress ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ambient Gases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shape Of Particles

ABSTRACTIn situ measurements of optical absorption and x-ray diffraction for small supported silver particles were performed under defined atmospheres at temperatures below 723 K. We found, for the first time, reversible changes both in optical absorption spectrum and lattice parameter of silver particles against the cyclic exchange of ambient gases between 5% H2/He and 1% 02/He. The present data indicate that the adsorption of oxygen results in a reduction in surface stress of silver particles, leading to a change in the shape of particles.

In-situ High Temperature X-ray Diffraction Study of the Am-O System

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 4133-4137 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Epifano ◽  
R. C. Belin ◽  
J-C Richaud ◽  
R. Vauchy ◽  
M. Strach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Minor Actinide ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Binary Phase Diagrams ◽  
First Time ◽  
O Phase

ABSTRACTIn the frame of minor actinide recycling, (U,Am)O2 are promising transmutation targets. To assess the thermodynamic properties of the U-Am-O system, it is essential to have a thorough knowledge of the binary phase diagrams, which is difficult due to the lack of thermodynamic data on the Am-O system. Nevertheless, an Am-O phase diagram modelling has been recently proposed by Gotcu. Here, we show a recent investigation of the Am-O system using in-situ High Temperature X-ray Diffraction under controlled atmosphere. By coupling our experimental results with the thermodynamic calculations based on the Gotcu model, we propose for the first time a relation between the lattice parameter and the departure from stoichiometry.

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