Mechanical and Material Characterization of Bilayer Microcantilever-based IR detectors

2011 ◽  
Vol 1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Kuan Lin ◽  
Ping Du ◽  
Yanhang Zhang ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Material Characterization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Ir Detectors ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference ◽  
Ir Detection

ABSTRACTInfrared radiation (IR) detection and imaging are of great importance to a variety of military and civilian applications. Microcantilever-based IR detectors have recently gained a lot of interest because of their potential to achieve extremely low noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) while maintaining low cost to make them affordable to more applications. However, the curvature induced by residual strain mismatch within the microcantilever severely decreases the device performance. To meet performance and reliability requirement, it is important to fully understand the deformation of IR detectors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to develop an engineering approach to flatten IR detectors, (2) to model and predict the elastic deformation of IR detectors using finite element analysis (FEA), and (3) to study the inelastic deformation during isothermal holding.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Low-Cost Thermal Cameras for Medical Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Villa ◽  
Natalia Arteaga-Marrero ◽  
Juan Ruiz-Alzola
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Home Monitoring ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Monitoring Applications ◽  
Thermal Cameras ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference

Thermal imaging is a promising technology in the medical field. Recent developments in low-cost infrared (IR) sensors, compatible with smartphones, provide competitive advantages for home-monitoring applications. However, these sensors present reduced capabilities compared to more expensive high-end devices. In this work, the characterization of thermal cameras is described and carried out. This characterization includes non-uniformity (NU) effects and correction as well as the thermal cameras’ dependence on room temperature, noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD), and response curve stability with temperature. Results show that low-cost thermal cameras offer good performance, especially when used in temperature-controlled environments, providing evidence of the suitability of such sensors for medical applications, particularly in the assessment of diabetic foot ulcers on which we focused this study.

scholarly journals Continuous Improvement Process in the Development of a Low-Cost Rotational Rheometer

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Hernández-Rangel ◽  
María Z. Saavedra-Leos ◽  
Josefa Morales-Morales ◽  
Horacio Bautista-Santos ◽  
Vladimir A. Reyes-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Rotational Rheometer ◽  
Continuous Improvement Process ◽  
Magneto Rheological

The rheological characterization of fluids using a rheometer is an essential task in food processing, materials, healthcare or even industrial engineering; in some cases, the high cost of a rheometer and the issues related to the possibility of developing both electrorheological and magnetorheological tests in the same instrument have to be overcome. With that in mind, this study designed and constructed a low-cost rotational rheometer with the capacity to adapt to electro- and magneto-rheological tests. The design team used the method of continuous improvement through Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and risk analysis tools such as Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). These analyses were prepared in order to meet the customer’s needs and engineering requirements. In addition to the above, a manufacturing control based on process sheets was used, leading to the construction of a functional rheometer with a cost of USD $1500.

Large-area low-noise flexible organic photodiodes for detecting faint visible light

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6517) ◽  
pp. 698-701
Author(s):  
Canek Fuentes-Hernandez ◽  
Wen-Fang Chou ◽  
Talha M. Khan ◽  
Larissa Diniz ◽  
Julia Lukens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Visible Spectral Range ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Bulk Heterojunctions ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Level Performance

Silicon photodiodes are the foundation of light-detection technology; yet their rigid structure and limited area scaling at low cost hamper their use in several emerging applications. A detailed methodology for the characterization of organic photodiodes based on polymeric bulk heterojunctions reveals the influence that charge-collecting electrodes have on the electronic noise at low frequency. The performance of optimized organic photodiodes is found to rival that of low-noise silicon photodiodes in all metrics within the visible spectral range, except response time, which is still video-rate compatible. Solution-processed organic photodiodes offer several design opportunities exemplified in a biometric monitoring application that uses ring-shaped, large-area, flexible, organic photodiodes with silicon-level performance.

Analysis and Design of Thermoelectric Infrared Microsensor

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Min Liao ◽  
Rongshun Chen ◽  
Bruce C. S. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Fill Factor ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Total Resistance ◽  
Infrared Sensor ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference ◽  
Cmos Ic

In this study, a novel thermoelectric infrared microsensor (TIMS) is designed by using commercial CMOS IC processes with subsequent bulk-micromachining process. This microsensor has the advantages of high fill factor, low noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), and simple fabrication process. The key feature is that thermocouple cantilever beams with low solid thermal conductance have been placed under the membrane of thermoelectric infrared microsensor. In order to improve the performance of the infrared sensor, the basic physical characteristics of this sensor have been analyzed. Finite element analysis is used to simulate the electro-thermo-mechanical behavior of the device and to demonstrate the feasibility of our design. Besides, a method for manufacturing the infrared microsensor is also provided and the performance of the presented design has been examined. The analytical results concluded that lowering down the number of the thermocouples does not affect the responsivity but do reduce the total resistance. Also, the detectivity and responsivity are obviously increased for the proposed TIMS. Finally, the deviation between the theoretical and the simulated results is discussed.

Design and Fabrication of a CMOS-MEMS Thermoelectric Infrared Microsensor

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Min Liao ◽  
Da-Hong Chiou ◽  
Keng-Shun Lin ◽  
Rongshun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fill Factor ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Infrared Sensor ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Broad Bandwidth ◽  
Cmos Mems ◽  
Transfer Behavior ◽  
Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference ◽  
Cmos Ic

This paper describes a thermoelectric infrared (IR) microsensor which is designed and fabricated using commercial CMOS IC processes with subsequent bulk-micromachining technology. The key feature of this sensor is that the thermocouples have been placed under the IR absorbing membrane. This infrared microsensor has the advantages of high fill factor, low noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), and broad bandwidth. Finite element analysis has been conducted to simulate the heat transfer behavior of the device and to demonstrate the feasibility of our design. Besides, the experimental setup has been built for measuring the infrared sensor response. The results show a measured responsivity of 63 V/W and a thermal time constant of 10 ms.

Polycrystalline lead selenide: the resurgence of an old infrared detector

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vergara ◽  
M. Montojo ◽  
M. Torquemada ◽  
M. Rodrigo ◽  
F. Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Infrared Detector ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
New Method ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Ir Detectors ◽  
Manufacture Process ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Ir Detection ◽  
Areas Of Interest

AbstractThe existing technology for uncooled MWIR photon detectors based on polycrystalline lead salts is stigmatized for being a 50-year-old technology. It has been traditionally relegated to single-element detectors and relatively small linear arrays due to the limitations imposed by its standard manufacture process based on a chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) developed more than 40 years ago. Recently, an innovative method for processing detectors, based on a vapour phase deposition (VPD) technique, has allowed manufacturing the first 2D array of polycrystalline PbSe with good electro optical characteristics. The new method of processing PbSe is an all silicon technology and it is compatible with standard CMOS circuitry. In addition to its affordability, VPD PbSe constitutes a perfect candidate to fill the existing gap in the photonic and uncooled IR imaging detectors sensitive to the MWIR photons. The perspectives opened are numerous and very important, converting the old PbSe detector in a serious alternative to others uncooled technologies in the low cost IR detection market. The number of potential applications is huge, some of them with high commercial impact such as personal IR imagers, enhanced vision systems for automotive applications and other not less important in the security/defence domain such as sensors for active protection systems (APS) or low cost seekers.Despite the fact, unanimously accepted, that uncooled will dominate the majority of the future IR detection applications, today, thermal detectors are the unique plausible alternative. There is plenty of room for photonic uncooled and complementary alternatives are needed. This work allocates polycrystalline PbSe in the current panorama of the uncooled IR detectors, underlining its potentiality in two areas of interest, i.e., very low cost imaging IR detectors and MWIR fast uncooled detectors for security and defence applications. The new method of processing again converts PbSe into an emerging technology.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Sludge-Based Magnetic Biochar by Pyrolysis for Methylene Blue Removal

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2473
Author(s):  
Huiping Zeng ◽  
Wei Qi ◽  
Longxue Zhai ◽  
Fanshuo Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Experiment ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The development of low-cost adsorbent is an urgent need in the field of wastewater treatment. In this study, sludge-based magnetic biochar (SMB) was prepared by pyrolysis of sewage sludge and backwashing iron mud without any chemical agents. The samples were characterized by TGA, XRD, ICP, Organic element analysis, SEM, TEM, VSM and BET. Characterization analysis indicated that the magnetic substance in SMB was Fe3O4, and the saturation magnetization was 25.60 emu·g−1, after the adsorption experiment, SMB could be separated from the solution by a magnet. The batch adsorption experiment of methylene blue (MB) adsorption showed that the adsorption capacities of SMB at 298 K, 308 K and 318 K were 47.44 mg·L−1, 39.35 mg·L−1, and 25.85 mg·L−1, respectively. After one regeneration with hydrochloric acid, the maximum adsorption capacity of the product reached 296.52 mg·g−1. Besides, the adsorption kinetic described well by the pseudo-second order model revealed that the intraparticle diffusion was not just the only rate controlling step in adsorption process. This study gives a reasonable reference for the treatment of sewage sludge and backwashing iron mud. The product could be used as a low-cost adsorbent for MB removal.

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