Functionalization of 3-D Structures for Grafting of Biological Molecules

ABSTRACTEven though most microarrays present good quality, accuracy and reliability, they are made on a planar surface structure, which neither enough increases the accessibility of the targets to the probes nor the loading capacity of the solid support. To achieve a high density of reactive functions, the use of a non-planar structure is investigated to increase the available surface area for grafting of biomolecules. We propose to build up a pseudo-three-dimensional silicon structure, covered with a specific oxide layer, and then functionalized, allowing to introduce covalent and stable bindings of amino-modified oligonucleotides probes on the reactive layer of the support. The performances of these supports after silanisation are investigated by means of hybridization experiments using complementary fluorescent labeled-oligonucleotides targets. Our results indicate that these novel surfaces provide a higher specific surface area for attaching biomolecules and higher accessibility of the targets, which will increase the density of biomolecules and hence, the sensitivity of the fluorescence signal in comparison to the results obtained with a planar surface structure.

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Hierarchical Nano/Micro-structured Surfaces with High Surface Area/Volume Ratios

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4049850 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-36

Author(s):

Ketki Lichade ◽

Yizhou Jiang ◽

Yayue Pan

Keyword(s):

Surface Structure ◽

Surface Area ◽

Light Trapping ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Structure Design ◽

Surface Structures ◽

Structured Surfaces ◽

Design And Manufacture

Abstract Recently, many studies have investigated additive manufacturing of hierarchical surfaces with high surface area/volume (SA/V) ratios, and their performance has been characterized for applications in next-generation functional devices. Despite recent advances, it remains challenging to design and manufacture high SA/V ratio structures with desired functionalities. In this study, we established the complex correlations among the SA/V ratio, surface structure geometry, functionality, and manufacturability in the Two-Photon Polymerization (TPP) process. Inspired by numerous natural structures, we proposed a 3-level hierarchical structure design along with the mathematical modeling of the SA/V ratio. Geometric and manufacturing constraints were modeled to create well-defined three-dimensional hierarchically structured surfaces with a high accuracy. A process flowchart was developed to design the proposed surface structures to achieve the target functionality, SA/V ratio, and geometric accuracy. Surfaces with varied SA/V ratios and hierarchy levels were designed and printed. The wettability and antireflection properties of the fabricated surfaces were characterized. It was observed that the wetting and antireflection properties of the 3-level design could be easily tailored by adjusting the design parameter settings and hierarchy levels. Furthermore, the proposed surface structure could change a naturally-hydrophilic surface to near-superhydrophobic. Geometrical light trapping effects were enabled and the antireflection property could be significantly enhanced (>80% less reflection) by the proposed hierarchical surface structures. Experimental results implied the great potential of the proposed surface structures for various applications such as microfluidics, optics, energy, and interfaces.

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3-D reconstruction of molecular shape from microcrystal thin sections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100077311 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 748-749

Author(s):

S. Cusack ◽

J.-C. Jésior

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Molecular Shape ◽

Biological Molecules ◽

Fourier Space ◽

Single Particles ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Standard Methods ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Crystallography ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction

Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques using electron microscopy have been principally developed for application to 2-D arrays (i.e. monolayers) of biological molecules and symmetrical single particles (e.g. helical viruses). However many biological molecules that crystallise form multilayered microcrystals which are unsuitable for study by either the standard methods of 3-D reconstruction or, because of their size, by X-ray crystallography. The grid sectioning technique enables a number of different projections of such microcrystals to be obtained in well defined directions (e.g. parallel to crystal axes) and poses the problem of how best these projections can be used to reconstruct the packing and shape of the molecules forming the microcrystal.Given sufficient projections there may be enough information to do a crystallographic reconstruction in Fourier space. We however have considered the situation where only a limited number of projections are available, as for example in the case of catalase platelets where three orthogonal and two diagonal projections have been obtained (Fig. 1).

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Low-Degree Tibial Slope Angle Prevents Component Overhang by Enlarging the Lateral Plateau Surface Area in Total Knee Arthroplasty

The Journal of Knee Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718598 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehmet Emin Simsek ◽

Mustafa Akkaya ◽

Safa Gursoy ◽

Özgür Kaya ◽

Murat Bozkurt

Keyword(s):

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Surface Area ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Tibial Plateau ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tibial Slope ◽

Total Knee ◽

Lateral Plateau ◽

Gender Groups

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether overhang or underhang around the tibial component that occurs during the placement of tibial baseplates was affected by different slope angles of the tibial plateau and determine the changes in the lateral and medial plateau diameters while changing the slope angle in total knee arthroplasty. Three-dimensional tibia models were reconstructed using the computed tomography scans of 120 tibial dry bones. Tibial plateau slope cuts were performed with 9, 7, 5, 3, and 0 degrees of slope angles 2-mm below the subchondral bone in the deepest point of the medial plateau. Total, lateral, and medial tibial plateau areas and overhang/underhang rates were measured at each cut level. Digital implantations of the asymmetric and symmetric tibial baseplates were made on the tibial plateau with each slope angles. Following the implantations, the slope angle that prevents overhang or underhang at the bone border and the slope angle that has more surface area was identified. A significant increase was noted in the total tibial surface area, lateral plateau surface area, and lateral anteroposterior distance, whereas the slope cut angles were changed from 9 to 0 degrees in both gender groups. It was found that the amount of posteromedial underhang and posterolateral overhang increased in both the asymmetric and symmetric tibial baseplates when the slope angle was changed from 0 to 9 degrees. Although the mediolateral diameter did not change after the proximal tibia cuts at different slope angles, the surface area and anteroposterior diameter of the lateral plateau could change, leading to increased lateral plateau area. Although prosthesis designs are highly compatible with the tibial surface area, it should be noted that the component overhangs, especially beyond the posterolateral edge, it can be prevented by changing the slope cut angle in males and females.

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3D reconstruction and calculation of surface area and volume of bell pepper

Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1556/progress.3.2007.5 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 89-113

Author(s):

Zoltán Gillay ◽

László Fenyvesi

Keyword(s):

3D Reconstruction ◽

Surface Area ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Reference Method ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Acceptable Error ◽

Volume Calculation ◽

Bell Peppers ◽

Area And Volume

There was a method developed that generates the three-dimensional model of not axisymmetric produce, based on an arbitrary number of photos. The model can serve as a basis for calculating the surface area and the volume of produce. The efficiency of the reconstruction was tested on bell peppers and artificial shapes. In case of bell peppers 3-dimensional reconstruction was created from 4 images rotated in 45° angle intervals. The surface area and the volume were estimated on the basis of the reconstructed area. Furthermore, a new and simple reference method was devised to give precise results for the surface area of bell pepper. The results show that this 3D reconstruction-based surface area and volume calculation method is suitable to determine the surface area and volume of definite bell peppers with an acceptable error.

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QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS VARIABLES ON PLANAR SURFACE AREA AND SPRAY NONUNIFORMITY VIA COMBINED MIXTURE-PROCESS DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT

Atomization and Sprays ◽

10.1615/atomizspr.2017019656 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (8) ◽

pp. 707-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Longfei Chen ◽

Liuyang Feng ◽

Zhixin Liu ◽

Guangze Li ◽

Yanfei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Design Of Experiment ◽

Process Design ◽

Process Variables ◽

Planar Surface

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Proximal isovelocity surface area by single-beat three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography applied for tricuspid regurgitation quantification.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718041762.793509654 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Hahn

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Tricuspid Regurgitation ◽

Doppler Echocardiography ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Color Doppler Echocardiography ◽

Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area

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High-speed volumetric two-photon fluorescence imaging of neurovascular dynamics

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-19851-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiang Lan Fan ◽

Jose A. Rivera ◽

Wei Sun ◽

John Peterson ◽

Henry Haeberle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

High Speed ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Fluorescence Signal ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽

Two Photon

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and function of vasculature in the brain requires us to monitor distributed hemodynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution in three-dimensional (3D) volumes in vivo. Currently, a volumetric vasculature imaging method with sub-capillary spatial resolution and blood flow-resolving speed is lacking. Here, using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) with an axially extended Bessel focus, we capture volumetric hemodynamics in the awake mouse brain at a spatiotemporal resolution sufficient for measuring capillary size and blood flow. With Bessel TPLSM, the fluorescence signal of a vessel becomes proportional to its size, which enables convenient intensity-based analysis of vessel dilation and constriction dynamics in large volumes. We observe entrainment of vasodilation and vasoconstriction with pupil diameter and measure 3D blood flow at 99 volumes/second. Demonstrating high-throughput monitoring of hemodynamics in the awake brain, we expect Bessel TPLSM to make broad impacts on neurovasculature research.

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