QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESS VARIABLES ON PLANAR SURFACE AREA AND SPRAY NONUNIFORMITY VIA COMBINED MIXTURE-PROCESS DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 707-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfei Chen ◽  
Liuyang Feng ◽  
Zhixin Liu ◽  
Guangze Li ◽  
Yanfei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Planar Surface

Functionalization of 3-D Structures for Grafting of Biological Molecules

2005 ◽  
Vol 900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Oillic ◽  
Pierre Mur ◽  
Elisabeth Blanquet ◽  
Guillaume Delapierre ◽  
Françise Vinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Modified Oligonucleotides ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Silicon Structure

ABSTRACTEven though most microarrays present good quality, accuracy and reliability, they are made on a planar surface structure, which neither enough increases the accessibility of the targets to the probes nor the loading capacity of the solid support. To achieve a high density of reactive functions, the use of a non-planar structure is investigated to increase the available surface area for grafting of biomolecules. We propose to build up a pseudo-three-dimensional silicon structure, covered with a specific oxide layer, and then functionalized, allowing to introduce covalent and stable bindings of amino-modified oligonucleotides probes on the reactive layer of the support. The performances of these supports after silanisation are investigated by means of hybridization experiments using complementary fluorescent labeled-oligonucleotides targets. Our results indicate that these novel surfaces provide a higher specific surface area for attaching biomolecules and higher accessibility of the targets, which will increase the density of biomolecules and hence, the sensitivity of the fluorescence signal in comparison to the results obtained with a planar surface structure.

Planar surface area calculation using camera and orientation sensor

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surangrak Sutiworwan ◽  
Miti Ruchanurucks ◽  
Pongthorn Apiroop ◽  
Supakorn Siddhichai ◽  
Thitiporn Chanwimaluang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Orientation Sensor

scholarly journals Operating envelope of Haber–Bosch process design for power-to-ammonia

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (61) ◽  
pp. 34926-34936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izzat Iqbal Cheema ◽  
Ulrike Krewer
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Bosch Process ◽  
Wide Range

The Haber–Bosch process is viable for power-to-ammonia, as it can be operated for a wide range of the operating envelope while maintaining the process variables' operational, hydrogen feed intake and ammonia production flexibilities.

scholarly journals Dietary-induced gestational iron deficiency inhibits postnatal tissue iron delivery and postpones the cessation of active nephrogenesis in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Y. Sun ◽  
Joseph C. Woolley ◽  
Sharon E. Blohowiak ◽  
Zachary R. Smith ◽  
Ashajyothi M. Siddappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Planar Surface ◽  
Tissue Iron ◽  
Glomerular Size ◽  
Kidney Maturation ◽  
Iron Delivery ◽  
Nephrogenic Zone

Gestational iron deficiency (ID) can alter developmental programming through impaired nephron endowment, leading to adult hypertension, but nephrogenesis is unstudied. Iron status and renal development during dietary-induced gestational ID (<6 mg Fe kg–1 diet from Gestational Day 2 to Postnatal Day (PND) 7) were compared with control rats (198 mg Fe kg–1 diet). On PND2–PND10, PND15, PND30 and PND45, blood and tissue iron status were assessed. Nephrogenic zone maturation (PND2–PND10), radial glomerular counts (RGCs), glomerular size density and total planar surface area (PND15 and PND30) were also assessed. Blood pressure (BP) was measured in offspring. ID rats were smaller, exhibiting lower erythrocyte and tissue iron than control rats (PND2–PND10), but these parameters returned to control values by PND30–PND45. Relative kidney iron (µg g–1 wet weight) at PND2-PND10 was directly related to transport iron measures. In ID rats, the maturation of the active nephrogenic zone was later than control. RGCs, glomerular size, glomerular density, and glomerular planar surface area were lower than control at PND15, but returned to control by PND30. After weaning, the kidney weight/rat weight ratio (mg g–1) was heavier in ID than control rats. BP readings at PND45 were lower in ID than control rats. Altered kidney maturation and renal adaptations may contribute to glomerular size, early hyperfiltration and long-term renal function.

Surface Roughness Analysis on Reactive Ion Etched Aluminium Deposited Wafer

2014 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Zaliman Sauli ◽  
Vithyacharan Retnasamy ◽  
Aaron Koay Terr Yeow
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ion Etching ◽  
Roughness Analysis ◽  
Controllable Process

This paper investigates the factors that affect the surface roughness on an Aluminium deposited wafer after reactive ion etching (RIE) using a combination of Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) and Oxygen (O2) gaseous. A total of four controllable process variables, with 16 sets of experiments were scrutinized using an orderly designed design of experiment (DOE). The four variables in the investigation are the composition of CF4 gas, the composition of O2 gas, RF power, and time. The estimate of effect calculated for the composition of CF4 gas, the composition of O2 gas, RF power, and time are-0.9813, -0.7488, -0.0438, and 4.7138 respectively. All factors gave negative effects except for time. This implies that the surface roughness decreases when the content of CF4, O2, and RF power is high. The results indicate that time is the most influential factor compared to the other three factors and is directly proportional to the surface roughness of the etched Aluminium deposited wafer.

Power–Velocity Process Design Charts for Powder Bed Additive Manufacturing

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Clymer ◽  
Jonathan Cagan ◽  
Jack Beuth
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
User Input ◽  
Design Charts ◽  
Process Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Process ◽  
Process Tailoring

A current issue in metal-based additive manufacturing (AM) is achieving consistent, desired process outcomes in manufactured parts. When process outcomes such as strength, density, or precision need to meet certain specifications, changes in process variable selection can be made to meet these requirements. However, the changes required to achieve a better part performance may not be intuitive, particularly because process variable changes can simultaneously improve some outcomes while worsening others. There is great potential to design the additive manufacturing process, tailoring process variables based on user requirements for a given part. In this work, the tradeoffs between multiple process outcomes are formalized and the design problem is explored throughout the design space of process variables. Based on user input for each process outcome considered, P–V (power–velocity) process design charts are introduced, which map the process space and identify the best combination of process variables to achieve a user's desired outcome.

Main Effects Study on Plasma Etched Aluminium Metallization

2014 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Zaliman Sauli ◽  
Vithyacharan Retnasamy ◽  
Aaron Koay Terr Yeow
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Controllable Process ◽  
Main Effects

Main effects contributing to the quality of surface roughness on an etched aluminium metallization wafer using Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) was studied. A total of three controllable process variables, with eight sets of experiments were scrutinized using an orderly designed design of experiment (DOE). The three variables in the investigation are composed of CF4 gas, composed of O2 gas and RF power while time is constant. The estimate of effect calculated for composition of CF4 gas, composition of O2 gas and RF power are-2.205, -0.975, and-0.525 respectively. All factors gave negative effects. This implies that the surface roughness increases when the content of CF4, O2, and RF power is lower. The results suggest that the composition of CF4 gaseous as the most influential factor as its main effects plot has the steepest slope followed by oxygen and RF power.

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