Theoretical Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Amorphous Inter-layer Dielectrics

2006 ◽  
Vol 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Shamsa ◽  
Patrick Morrow ◽  
Shriram Ramanathan

AbstractUnderstanding thermal conduction in interlayer dielectrics (ILDs) is important for the optimal design of interconnect layers in backend semiconductor processing for future high-performance nano-scale devices. Reduced thermal conductivity of porous ILDs for example can adversely affect the temperature rise in the embedded metal lines leading to un-desirable reliability issues and design constraints. In this paper, we report results of our theoretical and experimental investigation of thermal transport in amorphous and porous dielectrics. A phonon-hopping model has been adapted to calculate the thermal conductivity in disordered materials. The value of hopping integral has been calculated by comparing the modeling results with experimental data for various amorphous and porous materials. The model shows reasonable agreement with experimental data for various amorphous materials including SiO2 and other glasses over a wide temperature range from 50K – 300K. The model suggests that the hopping of localized high frequency phonons is a dominant thermal transport mechanism in such material systems.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. eabe6000
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Madeleine P. Gordon ◽  
Akanksha K. Menon ◽  
Alexandra Bruefach ◽  
Kyle Haas ◽  
...  

Organic-inorganic hybrids have recently emerged as a class of high-performing thermoelectric materials that are lightweight and mechanically flexible. However, the fundamental electrical and thermal transport in these materials has remained elusive due to the heterogeneity of bulk, polycrystalline, thin films reported thus far. Here, we systematically investigate a model hybrid comprising a single core/shell nanowire of Te-PEDOT:PSS. We show that as the nanowire diameter is reduced, the electrical conductivity increases and the thermal conductivity decreases, while the Seebeck coefficient remains nearly constant—this collectively results in a figure of merit, ZT, of 0.54 at 400 K. The origin of the decoupling of charge and heat transport lies in the fact that electrical transport occurs through the organic shell, while thermal transport is driven by the inorganic core. This study establishes design principles for high-performing thermoelectrics that leverage the unique interactions occurring at the interfaces of hybrid nanowires.


Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoyang Xiong ◽  
Yue Qin ◽  
Linhong Li ◽  
Guoyong Yang ◽  
Maohua Li ◽  
...  

In order to meet the requirement of thermal performance with the rapid development of high-performance electronic devices, constructing a three-dimensional thermal transport skeleton is an effective method for enhancing thermal...


2001 ◽  
Vol 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donny W. Winkler ◽  
Terry M. Tritt ◽  
Robert Gagnon ◽  
J. Strom-Olsen

ABSTRACTQuasicrystals have properties associated with both crystalline and amorphous materials. These properties appear to be sensitive to both composition and annealing conditions. Therefore, it is important to investigate the influence of the microstructure on the electrical and thermal transport properties of quasicrystals. AlPdMn quasicrystal samples were prepared with various levels of Re substituted for the Mn (Al70Pd20Mn10−XReX) and then subjected to different annealing conditions. Electrical resistivity, thermopower and thermal conductivity were measured on each as grown and annealed sample over a broad range of temperature, 10 K < T < 300 K. The relationship between the electrical and thermal transport properties and microstructure will be presented and discussed.


2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Eapen ◽  
Roberto Rusconi ◽  
Roberto Piazza ◽  
Sidney Yip

We show that a large set of nanofluid thermal conductivity data falls within the upper and lower Maxwell bounds for homogeneous systems. This indicates that the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is largely dependent on whether the nanoparticles stay dispersed in the base fluid, form large aggregates, or assume a percolating fractal configuration. The experimental data, which are strikingly analogous to those in most solid composites and liquid mixtures, provide strong evidence for the classical nature of thermal conduction in nanofluids.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4721
Author(s):  
Amalie Gunnarshaug ◽  
Maria-Monika Metallinou ◽  
Torgrim Log

Processing highly flammable products, the oil and gas (O&G) industry can experience major explosions and fires, which may expose pressurized equipment to high thermal loads. In 2020, oil fires occurred at two Norwegian O&G processing plants. To reduce the escalation risk, passive fire protection may serve as a consequence-reducing barrier. For heat or cold conservation, equipment and piping often require thermal insulation, which may offer some fire protection. In the present study, a representative thermal insulation (certified up to 700 °C) was examined with respect to dimensional changes and thermal transport properties after heat treatment to temperatures in the range of 700 °C to 1200 °C. Post heat treatment, the thermal conductivity of each test specimen was recorded at ambient temperature and up to 700 °C, which was the upper limit for the applied measurement method. Based on thermal transport theory for porous and/or amorphous materials, the thermal conductivity at the heat treatment temperature above 700 °C was estimated by extrapolation. The dimensional changes due to, e.g., sintering, were also analyzed. Empirical equations describing the thermal conductivity, the dimensional changes and possible crack formation were developed. It should be noted that the thermal insulation degradation, especially at temperatures approaching 1200 °C, is massive. Thus, future numerical modeling may be difficult above 1150 °C, due to abrupt changes in properties as well as crack development and crack tortuosity. However, if the thermal insulation is protected by a thin layer of more robust material, e.g., passive fire protection to keep the thermal insulation at temperatures below 1100 °C, future modeling seems promising.


Author(s):  
Ravi Prasher

Nanofluids have attracted tremendous attention lately due to their promise as high thermal conductivity liquid and also due the inability of researchers all across the world in explaining the enhancement in the thermal conductivity. Various models and physics have been proposed and some of them have been quite successful in explaining the data, however none of the models in the literature take colloidal chemistry into account. Experimental data, however have shown dependence of thermal conductivity on pH and surface chemistry. In this paper we introduce a model which captures all the anomalies reported in the data 1) Effect of pH 2) effect of aging i.e. time 3) maxima in the thermal conductivity with respect to the diameter of the nanoparticles 4) increase and decrease in the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids and the base fluids with increasing temperature. The model is based on the combination of aggregation kinetics with the physics of thermal transport.


2011 ◽  
Vol 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Qiu ◽  
Xiulin Ruan

ABSTRACTTwo-body interatomic potentials in the Morse potential form have been developed for bismuth telluride, and the potentials are used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3 bulk, nanowires and few-quintuple thin films. The density functional theory with local density approximations is first used to calculate the total energies for many artificially distorted Bi2Te3 configurations to produce the energy surface. Then by fitting to this energy surface and other experimental data, the Morse potential form is parameterized. Molecular dynamics simulations are then performed to predict the thermal conductivity of bulk Bi2Te3 at different temperatures, and the results agree with experimental data well. We also predicted the thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3 nanowires with diameter ranging from 3 to 30 nm with both smooth (SMNW) and rough (STNW) surfaces. It is found that when the nanowire diameter decreases to the molecular scale (below 10 nm, or the so called "quantum wire"), the thermal conductivity shows significant reduction as compared to bulk value. We find the dimensional crossover behavior of thermal transport in few quintuple layer (QL) thin films at room temperature, and we attribute it to the interplay between phonon Umklapp scattering and boundary scattering. Also, nanoporous films show significantly reduced thermal conductivity compared to perfect thin films, indicating that they can be very promising thermoelectric materials.


Author(s):  
Sreekant Narumanchi ◽  
Kwiseon Kim

Interfacial thermal transport is of great importance in a number of practical applications where interfacial resistance between layers is frequently a major bottleneck to effective heat dissipation. For example, efficient heat transfer at silicon/aluminum and silicon/copper interfaces is very critical in power electronics packages used in hybrid electric vehicle applications. It is therefore important to understand the factors that govern and impact thermal transport at semiconductor/metal interfaces. Hence, in this study, we use classical molecular dynamics modeling to understand and study thermal transport in silicon and aluminum, and some preliminary modeling to study thermal transport at the interface between silicon and aluminum. A good match is shown between our modeling results for thermal conductivity in silicon and aluminum and the experimental data. The modeling results from this study also match well with relevant numerical studies in the literature for thermal conductivity. In addition, preliminary modeling results indicate that the interfacial thermal conductance for a perfect silicon/aluminum interface is of the same order as experimental data in the literature as well as diffuse mismatch model results accounting for realistic phonon dispersion curves.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502098356
Author(s):  
Fanggang Ning ◽  
Guifang He ◽  
Chunfu Sheng ◽  
Hongwei He ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
...  

As a high-performance fiber, high modulus polyethylene fiber (HMPE) has been widely used in the rope industry. However, due to its low melting point and poor thermal conductivity, it tends to break under the conditions of repeated yarn on yarn abrasion during tension-tension fatigue or tension-bending fatigue. This paper puts forward a method to improve the yarn on yarn abrasion performance of HMPE using a functional graphene/polyurethane composites coating (FG/PU) and discussed the influence of yarn tension, abrasion frequency on the yarn on yarn performance. Based on the yarn morphology and abrasion temperature observation, the failure mechanism was discussed. The experimental results show that the FG/PU coating obtained can improve the yarn on yarn abrasion performance obviously, especially in the case of high-frequency and large tension condition.


2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ariston De Lima Cardoso ◽  
Roberto Max de Argollo ◽  
Alexandre Barreto Costa

ABSTRACT. In this study, we developed a model to predict the thermal conductivity of full rocks from measurements on biphasic mixtures of grains of these rocks. Firstly, we measured the density and thermal conductivity of the full rock samples. The full samples were then grounded and we measured the effective thermal conductivity of mixtures prepared with grains of these rocks in different porosities using air as saturating. Using the flexible model of thermal conduction developed in this study, which we call Geoterm, and the rule of generalized mixture due to Korvin, we calculated the average values of the numerical factors of the equations of these two models and, with these equations, we predicted the thermal conductivity of the integrity rock by adjusting the equations of these models with experimental data. Even with these equations and the data of the integrity rocks and mixtures, we predicted the effective thermal conductivity of the samples for the various porosities of the mixtures. The predicted results for the full rock, as compared to the measured values, showed small and large discrepancies due to the large variation range of the thermal conductivity of the full rocks, resulting in ranges also wide for the numerical factors of the two equations. In agreement with Krupiczka empirical expression, the values predicted by the Geoterm and Korvin models for effective thermal conductivity showed lower discrepancies when compared to other models observed in this study.Keywords: rock thermal conductivity, effective thermal conductivity, binary mixture model.RESUMO. Neste estudo, desenvolvemos um modelo para predizer a condutividade térmica de rochas íntegras a partir de medidas em misturas binárias de grãos destas rochas. Primeiramente, medimos a densidade e a condutividade térmica das amostras das rochas íntegras. As amostras foram, em seguida, moídas e medimos a condutividade térmica efetiva de misturas preparadas com os grãos dessas rochas em diferentes porosidades usando ar como saturante. Usando o modelo flexível de condução térmica desenvolvido neste estudo, denominado Geoterm, e a regra da mistura generalizada de Korvin, calculamos os valores médios dos fatores numéricos das equações destes dois modelos e, com estas predissemos a condutividade térmica da rocha íntegra pelo ajuste dos parâmetros desses modelos com os dados experimentais. Ainda com essas equações e com os dados das rochas íntegras, como também das misturas, predissemos a condutividade térmica efetiva das amostras para as várias porosidades das misturas. Os resultados preditos para a amostra íntegra, quando comparados aos valores medidos, apresentaram discrepâncias pequenas e grandes, consequência de a faixa de variação da condutividade térmica das rochas ser bem larga resultando em faixas também largas para os fatores numéricos das duas equações. Em concordância com a expressão empírica de Krupiczka, os valores preditos pelos modelos Geoterm e Korvin para condutividade térmica efetiva mostraram menores discrepâncias quando comparados a outros modelos verificados neste estudo.Palavras-chave: condutividade térmica de rocha, condutividade térmica efetiva, modelo de mistura binária.


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