Demonstration of a Novel Alkaline Battery Cathode Material: Periodate Salts

2006 ◽  
Vol 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Licht ◽  
Xingwen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Alkaline Metal ◽  
Charge Capacity ◽  
Alkaline Batteries ◽  
Alkaline Battery ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Zn Anode ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACTAn unusual solubility domain for KIO4 in KOH solution is observed, which is consistent with a potential use of periodate as a cathode for alkaline batteries. With increasing alkalinity, the solubility of KIO4 first increases, then drops from 2.9 M to < 10−4 M with increase from 6 to 10 M KOH. The unusual rapid transition from high to low solubility with increasing KOH is attributed to the formation of insoluble periodate complex. Accompanying the favorable low solubility in concentrated KOH is a high degree of cathodic electroactivity in accord with two electron storage: IO4− ⊒ IO3−. Low cathode salt solubility minimizes interference with the anode. Zn anode alkaline batteries are studied with KIO4 and NaIO4 cathodes, have a potential of 1.4-1.5 V and discharge to over 95% of the intrinsic 2e− charge capacity. The cathode also exhibits good quasi reversibility (rechargeability) with an alkaline metal hydride anode.

scholarly journals Enhanced Cognitive Walkthrough: Development of the Cognitive Walkthrough Method to Better Predict, Identify, and Present Usability Problems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Ola Bligård ◽  
Anna-Lisa Osvalder
Keyword(s):  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Infusion Pumps ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
Cognitive Walkthrough ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Potential Use

To avoid use errors when handling medical equipment, it is important to develop products with a high degree of usability. This can be achieved by performing usability evaluations in the product development process to detect and mitigate potential usability problems. A commonly used method is cognitive walkthrough (CW), but this method shows three weaknesses: poor high-level perspective, insufficient categorisation of detected usability problems, and difficulties in overviewing the analytical results. This paper presents a further development of CW with the aim of overcoming its weaknesses. The new method is called enhanced cognitive walkthrough (ECW). ECW is a proactive analytical method for analysis of potential usability problems. The ECW method has been employed to evaluate user interface designs of medical equipment such as home-care ventilators, infusion pumps, dialysis machines, and insulin pumps. The method has proved capable of identifying several potential use problems in designs.

Dynamic planning navigation strategy for mobile terrestrial robots

Robotica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Átila V. F. M. de Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo A. C. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Dynamic Planning ◽  
Navigation Strategy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Potential Use

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a new dynamic planning navigation strategy for use with mobile terrestrial robots. The strategy was applied to situations in which the environment and obstacles were unknown. After each displacement event, the robot replanned its route using a control algorithm that minimized the distance to the target and maximized the distance between the obstacles. Using a spatial localization sensor and a set of distance sensors, the proposed navigation strategy was able to dynamically plan optimum routes that were free of collisions. Simulations performed using different types of environment demonstrated that the technique offers a high degree of flexibility and robustness, and validated its potential use in real applications involving mobile terrestrial robots.

scholarly journals A unique winged euthycarcinoid from the Permian of Antarctica

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-993
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Collette ◽  
John L. Isbell ◽  
Molly F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Proglacial Lake ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Freshwater Environments

AbstractEuthycarcinoid arthropods (Cambrian–Triassic) were likely the first animals to transition from oceanic to freshwater and emergent environments. Although their basic bauplan is well known, they have a poor fossil record because their non-sclerotized exoskeleton was rarely preserved. Euthycarcinoids’ unusual morphology (varying numbers of body segments, seemingly dichotomous possession of either mandibles or a labrum, specialized or generalized limbs, and possession by some euthycarcinoid species of sternal pores—structures possibly analogous to coxal vesicles in myriapods) contribute to uncertainty regarding their relationship to other arthropod groups; while their poor fossil record masks the evolutionary transitions within and between the separate realms they inhabited (marine, freshwater, emergent). A new euthycarcinoid from a Permian polar proglacial lake is described herein that is morphologically unlike all other euthycarcinoids, and interpreted as being well adapted for a nekton-benthic lifestyle. Antarcticarcinus pagoda n. gen. n. sp. possesses a pair of large wing-like processes that project laterally from the preabdominal dorsal exoskeleton. A trace fossil from the overlying Mackellar Formation, cf. Orbiculichnus, which was previously interpreted as having been produced by insects taking off or landing on wet sediments, is reinterpreted herein as being produced by A. pagoda n. gen. n. sp. due to the high degree of morphological similarity between traces and body fossils. This occurrence indicates that euthycarcinoids were able to adapt to life in temperate freshwater environments, while possible subaerial adaptations hint at an ability to breathe air. Indeed, if euthycarcinoids could breathe air, Cambrian terrestrial forays and rapid transition (by the Ordovician) into freshwater environments might be explained.

scholarly journals Theoretical Insights into the Structure of the Aminotris(Methylenephosphonic Acid) (ATMP) Anion: A Possible Partner for Conducting Ionic Media

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Henry Adenusi ◽  
Gregory Chass ◽  
Enrico Bodo
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Symmetric Molecule ◽  
Variable Topology ◽  
Doubly Charged ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Use

We present a computational characterisation of Aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP) and its potential use as an anionic partner for conductive ionic liquids (ILs). We argue that for an IL to be a good candidate for a conducting medium, two conditions must be fulfilled: (i) the charge must be transported by light carriers; and (ii) the system must maintain a high degree of ionisation. The result trends presented herein show that there are molecular ion combinations that do comply with these two criteria, regardless of the specific system used. ATMP is a symmetric molecule with a total of six protons. In the bulk phase, breaking the symmetry of the fully protonated state and creating singly and doubly charged anions induces proton transfer mechanisms. To demonstrate this, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations employing a variable topology approach based on the reasonably reliable semiempirical density functional tight binding (DFTB) evaluation of the atomic forces. We show that, by choosing common and economical starting compounds, we can devise a viable prototype for a highly conductive medium where charge transfer is achieved by proton motion.

PS01.091: A DANGEROUS FOREIGN BODY IN ESOPHAGUS: ALKALINE BATTERIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Yener Aydin ◽  
Atila Eroglu ◽  
Atila Turkyilmaz ◽  
Fatma Genc ◽  
Ali Ulas
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Esophageal Injury ◽  
Alkaline Batteries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkaline Battery ◽  
Rigid Esophagoscopy

Abstract Background Esophageal foreign bodies are an important clinical condition leading to serious morbidity and mortality. Foreign body swallowing is most common in the group of 6 months to 6 years. Although smooth edges have a lower morbidity in foreign bodies, alkaline batteries are very dangerous. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the results of patients who ingested alkaline batteries. Methods We conducted a retrospective single-center study of 20 patients who were diagnosed with esophageal foreign objects following alkaline battery ingestion between January 2001 and February 2018. All cases were evaluated with posteroanterior chest X-ray and lateral X-ray. Age and sex of the patients, symptoms, localization of foreign body, the method of removing the foreign body, the passing time, length of hospital stay and morbidity and mortality rates were reviewed. Results The cases were 12 males and 8 females. The mean age was 3.2 years (1 month to 14 years). Five cases within 4 hours, 8 cases within 12 hours, 5 cases within 24 hours and 2 cases after 24 hours were referred to our clinic. The foreign body was located in the cervical esophagus in 10 cases, in the midthoracic esophagus in 8 cases, and in distal esophagus in two cases. All cases were quickly taken to the operating room. All cases underwent rigid esophagoscopy under general anesthesia and foreign body was removed. Sixteen cases of esophageal mucosal injury and burns were seen. Perforation and mortality were not observed in any of the cases. Conclusion Severe esophageal injury can occur in a short time after interaction with alkaline battery. Alkaline battery; electrolyte leak, pressure necrosis, mercury toxicity, or alkaline environment. Concentrated potassium hydroxide release has a corrosive effect. In this case, mediastinitis or tracheoesophageal fistula may ocur. Alkaline battery ingestion may result in persistent sequelae with perforation and corrosive esophagitis leading to mediastinitis. For this reason, the battery should be immediately removed by rigid esophagoscopy to prevent the development of these complications. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

In Situ La, Ce, and Nd L‐Edge X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure Study of an Intermetallic Metal Hydride Electrode in an Operating Alkaline Battery

1995 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. L76-L78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Tryk ◽  
In Tae Bae ◽  
Daniel Scherson ◽  
Mark R. Antonio ◽  
Gerald W. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Hydride Electrode ◽  
Alkaline Battery ◽  
Absorption Fine ◽  
X Ray Absorption

scholarly journals Magnetotactic Bacteria and Magnetosomes: Basic Properties and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Kamil G. Gareev ◽  
Denis S. Grouzdev ◽  
Petr V. Kharitonskii ◽  
Andrei Kosterov ◽  
Veronika V. Koziaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Rock Magnetism ◽  
Magnetotactic Bacteria ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Current State ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Potential Use

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) belong to several phyla. This class of microorganisms exhibits the ability of magneto-aerotaxis. MTB synthesize biominerals in organelle-like structures called magnetosomes, which contain single-domain crystals of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) characterized by a high degree of structural and compositional perfection. Magnetosomes from dead MTB could be preserved in sediments (called fossil magnetosomes or magnetofossils). Under certain conditions, magnetofossils are capable of retaining their remanence for millions of years. This accounts for the growing interest in MTB and magnetofossils in paleo- and rock magnetism and in a wider field of biogeoscience. At the same time, high biocompatibility of magnetosomes makes possible their potential use in biomedical applications, including magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia, magnetically guided drug delivery, and immunomagnetic analysis. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current state of the art in the field of MTB research and applications.

Monolithic Nanoporous Zn Anode for Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries

ACS Nano ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 2404-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcheng Wang ◽  
Guoyin Zhu ◽  
Pan Liu ◽  
Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Batteries ◽  
Zn Anode ◽  
Rechargeable Alkaline Batteries
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