Reduction of bis(Oxalato)Borate on a High Surface Area Carbon Electrode

2008 ◽  
Vol 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Flynn ◽  
Carl Schlaikjer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Electrolytic Properties ◽  
Extensive Exchange ◽  
Soluble Species ◽  
Wide Potential

ABSTRACTLithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) has gained widespread interest as an electrolyte salt for lithium ion batteries because of its high conductivity, low cost, thermal stability, and adequate solubility in many organic solvents [1]. Cyclic voltammetric data taken on platinum [2] and carbon [3] indicate electrochemical stability over a wide potential range.We show that bis(oxalato)borate (BOB) can be reduced at about 1.75 volts anodic to lithium, by discharging electrolytes at low current density (0.1 mA/cm2) on high surface area carbon electrodes containing a mixture of acetylene and Ketjen carbon blacks. The evidence includes discharge profiles and 11B NMR data. The behavior of discharge plateaus indicates that BOB is reduced to a soluble species with electrolytic properties, and the appearance of a broad 11B NMR peak in the electrolyte indicates that the reduced species undergoes extensive exchange.

Preparation of N-Doped Nanoporous Carbon from Crude Biomass and its Electrochemical Activity

NANO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zezhong Xu ◽  
Jingyu Si
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Surface Areas

H2O2 detection plays an important role in electrochemical sensing since H2O2 often acts as an intermediate product or regulator in various reactions. Nanoporous carbon (NPC) can be a potential candidate in electrochemical sensing because of its high specific surface area, various pore sizes and structures. In this work, we reported the preparation of N-doped NPC derived from the highly available, accessible and recyclable plant Typha orientalis. The products have high surface area (highest surface areas of 1439.0 m2 g[Formula: see text] and a number of nanopores. Highest content of nitrogen atom in the product is 3.66 at.%). Typical product exhibits high electrocatalytic activity for reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The product may have further use for glucose biosensing. We developed a low-cost, simple and readily scalable approach to prepare the excellent carbon electrocatalyst directly from crude biomass. In addition, because of high surface area and doping of nitrogen element, the product may find broad applications in the fields of supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, gas uptake and so on.

Morphology dependent adsorption of methylene blue on trititanate nanoplates and nanotubes prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of TiO2

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-357
Author(s):  
Graham Dawson ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Luhua Lu ◽  
Kai Dai
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Properties

The adsorption properties of two nanomorphologies of trititanate, nanotubes (TiNT) and plates (TiNP), prepared by the hydrothermal reaction of concentrated NaOH with different phases of TiO2, were examined. It was found that the capacity for both morphologies towards methylene blue (MB), an ideal pollutant, was extremely high, with the TiNP having a capacity of 130 mg/g, higher than the TiNT, whose capacity was 120 mg/g at 10 mg/L MB concentration. At capacity, the well-dispersed powders deposit on the floor of the reaction vessel. The two morphologies had very different structural and adsorption properties. TiNT with high surface area and pore volume exhibited exothermic monolayer adsorption of MB. TiNP with low surface area and pore volume yielded a higher adsorption capacity through endothermic multilayer adsorption governed by pore diffusion. TiNP exhibited a higher negative surface charge of −23 mV, compared to −12 mV for TiNT. The adsorption process appears to be an electrostatic interaction, with the cationic dye attracted more strongly to the nanoplates, resulting in a higher adsorption capacity and different adsorption modes. We believe this simple, low cost production of high capacity nanostructured adsorbent material has potential uses in wastewater treatment.

Highly active mixed-valent MnOxspheres constructed by nanocrystals as efficient catalysts for long-cycle Li–O2batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (43) ◽  
pp. 17129-17137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanpei Zhang ◽  
Zhaoyin Wen ◽  
Yang Lu ◽  
Xiangwei Wu ◽  
Jianhua Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Long Cycle ◽  
Highly Active

We demonstrate a low-cost and facile strategy to synthesize mixed-valent MnOxspheres constructed from nanocrystals (~5 nm), containing MnII, MnIII, and MnIVspecies. Such highly active mixed-valent MnOxspheres with high surface area greatly improve the performance of Li–O2batteries.

Hierarchically porous and nitrogen, sulfur-codoped graphene-like microspheres as a high capacity anode for lithium ion batteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2134-2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfei Sun ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Xingbin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Heteroatom Doping ◽  
Hierarchically Porous

The novel hierarchically porous and nitrogen, sulfur-codoped graphene-like microspheres are constructed as the anode material for lithium ion batteries. High surface area and efficient heteroatom doping provide high capacity and enhanced cycling stability.

A New Method for Preparing Electrospinning-Derived Carbon Nanofiber Webs with Electrodeposited Sn-Sb Alloy as an Anode Material of Lithium Ion Batteries

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1023-1028
Author(s):  
A.R. Saatchi ◽  
E. Ghanbari ◽  
A. Saatchi ◽  
K. Raeissi ◽  
H. Tavanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Collector Plate ◽  
The Web

Electrospinning is a straightforward and low cost method for producing carbon nanofiber (CNF) webs that have interrelated pores with high surface area. The process begins with electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on a Cu target collector. In current production methods, the PAN nanofiber web is taken off from the collector. But in order to omit extra stages of taking off the web from a conductive collector and later putting it back on, we will try to keep the web remained on the Cu collector plate through the carbonizing heat treatment and the electrodeposition, to later use the plate as the current collector of a LIB anode. This facilitates the handling of CNFs throughout the entire process that is now much more suitable for commercialization. This unique structure is very suitable for anode materials (AMs) of Lithium Ion Batteries (LIBs). It improves the kinetics of charge/discharge cycles by reducing lithium transport paths, and creates more stable electrochemical performance by providing space for volume expansions of lithium insertions in charging cycles. CNF webs can be used as AMs, demonstrating these advantages over conventional carbonaceous materials that have long been used as the preferred choice-in spite of having a comparatively low theoretical capacity. In this study we use the CNF web as a template for electrodepositing Sn-Sb alloy, to create the mentioned structural characteristics in a coated layer of an alloy with a higher capacity. The resulting composite is shown to have a higher capacity than the substrate CNF and a good cycling performance.

scholarly journals Silica Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application: Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Mun ◽  
B.A. Zhaisanbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gene Delivery Vectors

Over the past few decades, nanoparticles have been attracting significant attention of researches in chemical, biomedical, pharmaceutical sciences, due to their unique physicochemical properties. This includes ultra small size, large surface area, good biocompatibility and high reactivity. In particular, nanoparticles are promising for pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, as they can be applied as drug carriers and diagnostic tools. Among nanomaterials for biomedical application, silica nanoparticles exhibit great potential due to their straightforward synthesis and separation, low cost, safety, biocompatibility and possibility to further functionalization. Silica nanoparticles have been attractive for pharmaceutical science due to their unique properties, such as tunable size, high surface area and large pore volume, and potential in biomedical application as drug and gene delivery vectors and bioimaging agents. However, some of their properties remain poorly investigated. This short communication discusses the main routes for synthesis of silica nanoparticles, their properties and opportunities for their application in pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, as well as a few challenges in the development of silica-based systems that need to be overcome.

scholarly journals Synthesis of High Surface Area α-KyMnO2 Nanoneedles Using Extract of Broccoli as Bioactive Reducing Agent and Application in Lithium Battery

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hashem ◽  
Hanaa Abuzeid ◽  
Martin Winter ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Christian Julien
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Initial Capacity

With the aim to reduce the entire cost of lithium-ion batteries and to diminish the environmental impact, the extract of broccoli is used as a strong benign reducing agent for potassium permanganate to synthesize α-KyMnO2 cathode material with pure nanostructured phase. Material purity is confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses. Images of transmission electron microscopy show samples with a spider-net shape consisting of very fine interconnected nanoneedles. The nanostructure is characterized by crystallite of 4.4 nm in diameter and large surface area of 160.7 m2 g−1. The material delivers an initial capacity of 211 mAh g−1 with high Coulombic efficiency of 99% and 82% capacity retention after 100 cycles. Thus, α-KyMnO2 synthesized via a green process exhibits very promising electrochemical performance in terms of initial capacity, cycling stability and rate capability.

Free-Supporting Dual-Confined Porous Si@c-ZIF@carbon nanofibers for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiale Chen ◽  
Xingmei Guo ◽  
Mingyue Gao ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Shangqing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Porous Si

Dual-confined porous Si@c-ZIF@carbon nanofibers (Si@c-ZIF@CNFs) are fabricated, possessing excellent antioxidant capacity, high surface area and abundant pores, which availably enhance conductivity, relieve volume expansion and facilitate electrolyte penetration during cycling....

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