Experimental Study of Loss Mechanisms in Polymer-Metal Composites at Microwave Frequencies

1994 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Ludman ◽  
Curtis H. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Microwave Cavity ◽  
Complex Permeability ◽  
Dc Resistivity ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Conductive Particles

ABSTRACTThe microwave heatability of a low loss polymer (polypropylene) was enhanced by the addition of a conductive powder (iron). The effects of the amount (5–40% iron by volume) and size of the conductive particles on the microwave heatability were studied. The complex permittivity and complex permeability at microwave frequencies and the dc resistivity were measured. Samples were also heated in a multimode microwave cavity. Results show that microwave heating increased with increasing iron concentration. However, the penetration depth of the microwaves decreased with increasing iron content, and dramatically decreased when the polypropylene-iron composites became electrically conductive at the percolation threshold.

An IPMC Actuated 3D Swimming Microrobot and its Propulsive Efficiency Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 419-420 ◽  
pp. 785-788
Author(s):  
Xiu Fen Ye ◽  
Yu Dong Su ◽  
Shu Xiang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Propulsive Efficiency ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composites ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Wireless Control ◽  
Polymer Metal

An Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC) actuated 3D swimming microrobot is presented first. Inspired by biologic fins, passive plastic fin is attached to the IPMC strip to increase the thrust. Infrared sensors are equipped for wireless control and autonomous navigation. Then propulsive efficiency analyses are carried out. From the water electrolysis influence analysis of the IPMC, the best working voltage is confirmed. Finally, a two parts IPMC actuator is presented to improve the propulsive efficiency of the microrobot after the analysis of propulsive efficiency of caudal fin.

Biomimetic Applications of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) Actuators - A Critical Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farid ◽  
Zhao Gang ◽  
Tran Linh Khuong ◽  
Zhuang Zhi Sun ◽  
Naveed Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composite ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Ionic Polymer Metal Composites ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Biomedical Field

Biomimetic is the field of engineering in which biological creatures and their functions are investigated and are used as the basis for the design and manufacturing of machines. Ionic Polymer Metal Composite (IPMC) is a smart material which has demonstrated a meaningful bending and tip force after the application of a low voltage. It is light-weighted, flexible, easily actuated, multi-directional applicable and requires simple manufacturing. Resultantly, IPMC has attracted scientists and researchers to analyze it further and consider it for any industrial and biomimetic applications. Presently, the research on IPMC is bi-directional oriented. A few groups of researchers are busy to find out the causes for the weaknesses of the material and to find out any remedy for them. The second class of scientists is exploring new areas of applications where IPMC material can be used. Although, the application zone of IPMC is ranging from micropumps diaphragms to surgical holding devices, this paper provides an overview of the IPMC application in biomimetic and biomedical field.

Carbon Nanotubes based composites for electromagnetic absorption- A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navdeep Singh ◽  
Gagan Deep Aul
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Microwave Absorption ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Radar Cross Section ◽  
Complex Permeability ◽  
Tangent Loss ◽  
Microwave Frequencies ◽  
Radar Absorbing Material ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

: Radar is a delicate detection device and since its evolution different techniques for reducing electromagnetic reflections have been discovered. This paper provide concise review on fundamentals of absorption which reduces radar cross section from stealth target with which radar cross section has effects to survivability and mission capability. The reduction of radar cross section depend on dielectric and magnetic properties of material. The first section reviews the Radar Absorbing Material (RAM) in order to provide a background on fundamentals, various stealth techniques for absorption and its properties at microwave frequencies. The second section reviews the Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and its different composites by encapsulation of other metals, polymers or epoxies into it and its microwave absorption properties were studies at microwave frequencies. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes based composites for microwave absorption are reviewed on the basis of various factors; material composition, reflection loss performance, thickness, complex permittivity, complex permeability, dielectric tangent loss, magnetic tangent loss, bandwidth, and frequency band.

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