New 7Li-NMR Evidence for Lithium Insertion in Disordered Carbon

ABSTRACTIn fully-charged carbon materials, we tried to determine the nature of the interaction between Li species and carbon using variable temperature measurements of the Li Knight shift Only one interaction between the Li species and graphite carbon was observed from room temperature to -10°C. However, while only one average interaction between the Li species and the disordered carbon was observed at room temperature, three kinds of interactions were observed at low temperature. These results provide direct evidence for the model which explains why the discharge capacity of the carbon electrode with a disordered structure as an anode can exceed the theoretical capacity of a graphite anode in lithium ion rechargeable batteries.

Download Full-text

Separation and Efficient Recovery of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11071091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1091

Author(s):

Eva Gerold ◽

Stefan Luidold ◽

Helmut Antrekowitsch

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Sodium Phosphate ◽

Room Temperature ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Raw Material ◽

Efficient Recovery

The consumption of lithium has increased dramatically in recent years. This can be primarily attributed to its use in lithium-ion batteries for the operation of hybrid and electric vehicles. Due to its specific properties, lithium will also continue to be an indispensable key component for rechargeable batteries in the next decades. An average lithium-ion battery contains 5–7% of lithium. These values indicate that used rechargeable batteries are a high-quality raw material for lithium recovery. Currently, the feasibility and reasonability of the hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries is still a field of research. This work is intended to compare the classic method of the precipitation of lithium from synthetic and real pregnant leaching liquors gained from spent lithium-ion batteries with sodium carbonate (state of the art) with alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate. Furthermore, the correlation of the obtained product to the used type of phosphate is comprised. In addition, the influence of the process temperature (room temperature to boiling point), as well as the stoichiometric factor of the precipitant, is investigated in order to finally enable a statement about an efficient process, its parameter and the main dependencies.

Download Full-text

Carbon Materials in Lithium-ion Rechargeable Batteries

Advanced Materials Science and Engineering of Carbon ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-407789-8.00012-0 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 267-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michio Inagaki ◽

Feiyu Kang ◽

Masahiro Toyoda ◽

Hidetaka Konno

Keyword(s):

Carbon Materials ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Rechargeable Batteries

Download Full-text

Interactions between disordered carbon and lithium in lithium ion rechargeable batteries

Carbon ◽

10.1016/0008-6223(95)00098-x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 1457-1462 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Y. Matsumura ◽

S. Wang ◽

J. Mondori

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Disordered Carbon

Download Full-text

Computational, Electrochemical and 7Li NMR Studies of Lithiated Disordered Carbons Electrodes in Lithium Ion Cells

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-496-95 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 496 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Sandί ◽

R. E. Gerald ◽

L. G. Scanlon ◽

K. A. Carrado ◽

R. E. Winans

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Cell ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Reversible Capacity ◽

Carbon Anode ◽

Nmr Studies ◽

Lithium Bonding ◽

7Li Nmr ◽

Disordered Carbon ◽

A Charge

ABSTRACTDisordered carbons that deliver high reversible capacity in electrochemical cells have been synthesized by using inorganic clays as templates to control the pore size and the surface area. The capacities obtained were much higher than those calculated if the resultant carbon had a graphitic-like structure. Computational chemistry was used to investigate the nature of lithium bonding in a carbon lattice unlike graphite. The lithium intercalated fullenere Lin-C60 was used as a model for our (non-graphitic) disordered carbon lattice. A dilithium-C60 system with a charge and multiplicity of (0,1) and a trilithium-C60 system with a charge and multiplicity of (0,4) were investigated. The spatial distribution of lithium ions in an electrochemical cell containing this novel disordered carbon material was investigated in situ by Li-7 NMR using an electrochemical cell that was incorporated into a toroid cavity nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imager. The concentration of solvated Li+ ions in the carbon anode appears to be larger than in the bulk electrolyte, is substantially lower near the copper/carbon interface, and does not change with cell charging.

Download Full-text

Properties of a Carbon Negative Electrode in Completely Inorganic Thin Film Li-Ion Batteries with a LiCoO2 Positive Electrode

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-369-137 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 369 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R.B. Goldner ◽

S. Slaven ◽

T.Y. Liu ◽

T.E. Haas ◽

F.O. Arnt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Diffusion Constant ◽

Negative Electrode ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Chemical Diffusion ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Metallic Lithium ◽

Disordered Carbon ◽

Deposition Processes

AbstractCompletely inorganic thin film lithium ion battery cells have been prepared by vapor deposition processes (vacuum evaporation and sputtering). The negative and positive electrodes were films of disordered carbon and lithium cobalt oxide, respectively. The results of battery charging/discharging and other measurements (e.g., in-situ lithium chemical diffusion constant measurements for the carbon films) indicate that disordered carbon films have a relatively high reversible charge capacity, (> 160 mC/μmand possibly higher than 360 mC/cm2-μm, or > 296 and possibly 667 mAh/g, respectively, assuming the measured film density of 1.5g/cm3), and a lithium chemical diffusion constant at room temperature ≈10-9 cm2/s. These results suggest that disordered carbon films should be good substitutes for metallic lithium in thin film rechargeable batteries.

Download Full-text

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.3762/bjnano.12.75 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 995-1020

Author(s):

Marina Tabuyo-Martínez ◽

Bernd Wicklein ◽

Pilar Aranda

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Large Scale ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Storage Device ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Shuttle Effect ◽

Battery Technology

Rechargeable batteries are a major element in the transition to renewable energie systems, but the current lithium-ion battery technology may face limitations in the future concerning the availability of raw materials and socio-economic insecurities. Sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are a promising alternative energy storage device for small- to large-scale applications driven by more favorable environmental and economic perspectives. However, scientific and technological problems are still hindering a commercial breakthrough of these batteries. This review discusses strategies to remedy some of the current drawbacks such as the polysulfide shuttle effect, catastrophic volume expansion, Na dendrite growth, and slow reaction kinetics by nanostructuring both the sulfur cathode and the Na anode. Moreover, a survey of recent patents on room temperature (RT) Na–S batteries revealed that nanostructured sulfur and sodium electrodes are still in the minority, which suggests that much investigation and innovation is needed until RT Na–S batteries can be commercialized.

Download Full-text