High Surface Area Substrates for DNA Arrays

1999 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Glazer ◽  
C. Frank ◽  
R. P. Vinci ◽  
G. Mcgallo ◽  
J. Fidanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
High Density ◽  
Nucleic Acid Hybridization ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Dna Arrays ◽  
Additive Method

ABSTRACTHigh-density, spatially addressable arrays of DNA probes offer a high-throughput approach to DNA sequence analysis that is likely to have a major impact on biological and genetic research. These arrays are comprised of short strands of immobilized DNA (“probe”) sequences prepared synthetically on a planar glass support. Samples of unknown, fluorescentlylabeled strands of “target' DNA can be analyzed by sequence-specific binding (“hybridization”) to the arrays in order to extract detailed sequence information. The detection sensitivity of these arrays is dependent on quantity and density of immobilized probe molecules on the surface, as well as the thermodynamics of nucleic acid hybridization. In this report, substrates with a porous, “3-dimensional” surface layer were investigated as a means of increasing the number of available probes, and therefore the amount of detectable bound target per unit area. Two methods for creating porous silica layers were investigated - a “subtractive” method and an “additive” method. For the systems investigated, the additive method, sol-gel processing, offered the most promising route for high density DNA arrays.

Personality Genetics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Derringer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Behavior Genetics ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Genetic Sequence ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Causal Pathway

Although correlations between personality and health are consistently observed, often the causal pathway, or even the direction of effect, is unknown. Genes provide an additional node of information which may be included to help clarify the relationship between personality and health. Genetically informative studies, whether focused on family-identified relationships or specific genotypes, provide clear benefits to disentangling causal processes. Genetic measures approach near universal reliability and validity: processes of inheritance are consistent across cultures, geography, and time, such that similar models and instruments may be applied to incredibly diverse populations. Although frequency and intercorrelations differ by ancestry background (Novembre et al., 2008) and cultural context (Tucker-Drob & Bates, 2016) may exert powerful moderating effects, fundamental form and function is consistent across all members of our species, and even many other species. Genetic sequence information is also of course highly temporally stable, and possesses temporal precedence. That is, the literal genetic sequence is lifetime-stable and comes before all other experiences. Human behavior genetic research, like most personality research, faces limitations in terms of causal inferences that may be made in the absence of experimental manipulation. But behavior genetics takes advantage of natural experiments: populations that differ in terms of genetic similarity (either inferred – such as twins – or measured – such as genotyping methods) to begin to unravel the complex influences on individual differences in personality and health outcomes.

scholarly journals A Review on Biosensors and Recent Development of Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Varnakavi. Naresh ◽  
Nohyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Color Tunability

A biosensor is an integrated receptor-transducer device, which can convert a biological response into an electrical signal. The design and development of biosensors have taken a center stage for researchers or scientists in the recent decade owing to the wide range of biosensor applications, such as health care and disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, water and food quality monitoring, and drug delivery. The main challenges involved in the biosensor progress are (i) the efficient capturing of biorecognition signals and the transformation of these signals into electrochemical, electrical, optical, gravimetric, or acoustic signals (transduction process), (ii) enhancing transducer performance i.e., increasing sensitivity, shorter response time, reproducibility, and low detection limits even to detect individual molecules, and (iii) miniaturization of the biosensing devices using micro-and nano-fabrication technologies. Those challenges can be met through the integration of sensing technology with nanomaterials, which range from zero- to three-dimensional, possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio, good conductivities, shock-bearing abilities, and color tunability. Nanomaterials (NMs) employed in the fabrication and nanobiosensors include nanoparticles (NPs) (high stability and high carrier capacity), nanowires (NWs) and nanorods (NRs) (capable of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (large surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity), and quantum dots (QDs) (color tunability). Furthermore, these nanomaterials can themselves act as transduction elements. This review summarizes the evolution of biosensors, the types of biosensors based on their receptors, transducers, and modern approaches employed in biosensors using nanomaterials such as NPs (e.g., noble metal NPs and metal oxide NPs), NWs, NRs, CNTs, QDs, and dendrimers and their recent advancement in biosensing technology with the expansion of nanotechnology.

High-Surface-Area Alumina-Silica Nanocatalysts Prepared by a Hybrid Sol-Gel Route Using a Boehmite Precursor

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 4047-4052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmaja Parameswaran Nampi ◽  
Padmanabhan Moothetty ◽  
Wilfried Wunderlich ◽  
Frank John Berry ◽  
Michael Mortimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area

Synthesis and structural characteristics of high surface area TiO2 aerogels by ultrasonic-assisted sol–gel method

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 075702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Qingge ◽  
Cai Huidong ◽  
Lin Haiying ◽  
Qin Siying ◽  
Liu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted

Study on the Use of Rhodamine Doped Nanocomposite for Latent Fingerprint Detection

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 813-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Optical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fluorescent Compounds ◽  
Fingerprint Detection

Silicon dioxide-based nanocomposites offer large loading capacity for various doping chemicals or molecular complexes, high surface to volume ratio and customizable surface chemistry for the creation and development of novel sensors and devices [1-2]. When compared with other sol-gel materials, xerogels represent a class of nanocomposites that are relatively easy to fabricate but with unique thermal, acoustic, optical and mechanical properties for rapid sensor or device prototyping development [3-4]. Xerogels in solids are formed by controlled evaporation of the liquid in the hydro-gel. Their porosity and morphology depend largely on the temperature, gel chemical compositions and pH in the fabrication process. When impregnated with fluorescent compounds in their nanosize cavities, the doped xerogels exhibit strong and stable fluorescence properties that are useful for the developing of ion-exchange sensors and optical devices. However, the use of these fluorescently doped xerogels in forensic applications was still largely unexplored.

Texture Evaluation of Sol-Gel Derived Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Yu Jen Chou ◽  
Chi Jen Shih ◽  
Shao Ju Shih
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Recent years mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) have become important biomaterials because of their high surface area and the superior bioactivity. Various studies have reported that when MBGs implanted in a human body, hydroxyl apatite layers, constituting the main inorganic components of human bones, will form on the MBG surfaces to increase the bioactivity. Therefore, MBGs have been widely applied in the fields of tissue regeneration and drug delivery. The sol-gel process has replaced the conventional glasses process for MBG synthesis because of the advantages of low contamination, chemical flexibility and lower calcination temperature. In the sol-gel process, several types of surfactants were mixed with MBG precursor solutions to generate micelle structures. Afterwards, these micelles decompose to form porous structures after calcination. Although calcination is significant for contamination, crystalline and surface area in MBG, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, only few systematic studies related to calcination were reported. This study correlated the calcination parameters and the microstructure of MBGs. Microstructure evaluation was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The experimental results show that the surface area and the pore size of MBGs decreased with the increasing of the calcination temperature, and decreased dramatically at 800°C due to the formation of crystalline phases.

Potentialities of an Innovative Technique Like 129Xe NMR and of Saxs for the Characterization of Microporous Sol-Gel Derived SiO2

1996 ◽  
Vol 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. de Menorval ◽  
A. Julbe ◽  
H. Jobic ◽  
J. A. Dalmon ◽  
C. Guizard
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Narrow Pore Size Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Texture ◽  
129Xe Nmr ◽  
Line Shapes ◽  
X Ray Scattering

AbstractAddition of surfactants in TEOS derived sols leads to micro- or mesoporous materials whose porous texture can be varied by changing the surfactant quantity and/or chain length. This series of materials, with a relatively narrow pore size distribution, is well adapted to study the potentialities of an innovative characterization technique like 129Xe Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in comparison with Small Angle X-ray Scattering and N2 adsorption. SAXS revealed a high surface rugosity of the materials and a good correlation with pore hydraulic radius distributions measured by N2 adsorption. Using 129Xe NMR, we have studied the Xe chemical shifts (δXe,) as a function of pXe, and have pointed out several original results showing the importance, for microporous materials, of the NMR line shapes and of the slope of the lines δXe.=f(pXe).

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Applications of Ceramic Nanofibers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuray Kizildag
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Erosion ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ceramic Nanofibers

Ceramic materials are well known for their hardness, inertness, superior mechanical and thermal properties, resistance against chemical erosion and corrosion. Ceramic nanofibers were first manufactured through a combination of electrospinning with sol–gel method in 2002. The electrospun ceramic nanofibers display unprecedented properties such as high surface area, length, thermo-mechanical properties, and hierarchically porous structure which make them candidates for a wide range of applications such as tissue engineering, sensors, water remediation, energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, thermal insulation materials, etc. This chapter focuses on the most recent advances in the applications of ceramic nanofibers.

Aqueous colloidal sol–gel route to synthesize nanosized ceria-doped titania having high surface area and increased anatase phase stability

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeepan Periyat ◽  
K. V. Baiju ◽  
P. Mukundan ◽  
P. Krishna Pillai ◽  
K. G. K. Warrier
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Phase Stability ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Doped Titania
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