scholarly journals New Directions for Low Dimensional Thermoelectricity

2003 ◽  
Vol 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Dresselhaus ◽  
Y. M. Lin ◽  
M. R. Black ◽  
O. Rabin ◽  
G. Dresselhaus
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Quantum Wires ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Low Dimensionality ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
New Research ◽  
Low Dimensional Materials ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTLow dimensionality provides opportunities to modify the properties of bulk materials dramatically and to control materials properties independently in a manner that is not possible for bulk materials. The special characteristics of low dimensional materials to enhance thermoelectric performance have already been demonstrated in quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots. The main focus of this review is a summary of advances made in the modeling of quantum dot superlattice nanowires. Several new research directions for low dimensional thermoelectricity or inspired by this research are briefly mentioned.

scholarly journals Probiotics in Extraintestinal Diseases: Current Trends and New Directions

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina Kiousi ◽  
Athanasios Karapetsas ◽  
Kyriaki Karolidou ◽  
Mihalis Panayiotidis ◽  
Aglaia Pappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Healing Wounds ◽  
New Research

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host. Their positive supplementation outcomes on several gastrointestinal disorders are well defined. Nevertheless, their actions are not limited to the gut, but may also impart their beneficial effects at distant sites and organs. In this regard, in this review article we: (i) comprehensively describe the main mechanisms of action of probiotics at distant sites, including bones, skin, and brain; (ii) critically present their therapeutic potential against bone, skin, and neuronal diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, non-healing wounds and autoimmune skin illnesses, mood, behavior, memory, and cognitive impairments); (iii) address the current gaps in the preclinical and clinical research; and (iv) indicate new research directions and suggest future investigations.

LOW-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRONIC STATES AT METAL SURFACES: QUANTUM WELLS AND QUANTUM WIRES

1995 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. HIMPSEL
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Giant Magnetoresistance ◽  
Quantum Wires ◽  
Magnetic Coupling ◽  
Magnetic Multilayers ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Level Shifts ◽  
Stepped Surface ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Step Edges

Several possibilities of “engineering” low-dimensional solids on the atomic scale are discussed. The electronic and magnetic structure of such materials is explored for two classes, i.e., multilayers and “wires” attached to step edges. Magnetic multilayers represent a particularly promising case, since quantum effects have macroscopic consequences. Quantization perpendicular to the layers is connected with oscillatory magnetic coupling, which in turn is important for obtaining “giant” magnetoresistance. This effect is being applied towards the fabrication of magnetoresistive reading heads for magnetically stored data. Extensions towards lateral superlattices and quantum wires are explored, where a stepped surface acts as a template. It is found that electrons can be trapped at step edges, and level shifts of the order 0.5 eV are observed for atoms adsorbed at step edges.

scholarly journals Nanoscience – from manipulation of atoms to human needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Š. Luby
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Computer Methods ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Low Dimensional Materials

Abstract Nanoscience and nanotechnology are an extrapolation from the field of microtechnology to the atomic level. The development is based on the 60-year-old message of R. Feynman, ‘There's plenty of room at the bottom’. His vision has fertilised at the turn of the millennium with the announcement of generously funded nanotechnology initiatives. The journey was paved by seven Nobel Prizes (1986–2016) for new microscopes, low-dimensional materials (fullerenes, graphene), theories and computer methods up to the building of molecular engines. However, the enthusiasm for this technically and IT-oriented ‘business as usual’ partly dissolves in the problems of a planet burdened by climate change, depletion of raw materials, new diseases and pandemics. It is a challenge for nanoscience to adapt to these goals. Therefore, after a brief recapitulation of the history and achievements of nanotechnology, the paper will focus on its new directions. Among them, nanomedicine and pharmacy are of the topmost interest. Moreover, in the interaction of the nanoworld with humans, cross-sectional topics such as nanoethics and nanotoxicology (hampered by commercial interests) must be placed at a higher level at the same time as addressing specific applications. The world counts on nanomedicine at first in areas where overcoming of physiological barriers is not so difficult. These are dentistry and dermatology. In pharmacy, promising is the administration of drugs by methods of a ‘Trojan horse’ – their introduction directly to a therapeutic target. We also provide examples of gas nanosensors for diagnostics. These topics will be processed in such a way as to highlight the importance of nanoscience for human health.

scholarly journals Attentional processes and performance in hot humid or dry environments: review, applied recommendation and new research directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Robin ◽  
Guillaume R. Coudevylle ◽  
Olivier Hue
Keyword(s):  
Sporting Events ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
New Directions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Research ◽  
Hot Environments

Many important sporting events are organized in hot ambient conditions. In addition, given the global warming around the world, and because heat also concerns millions of people living in hot-dry and/or hot-humid environments, individuals often perform cognitive and/or cognitivo-motor tasks under heat stress conditions. Hot environment can negatively affect aerobic and high intensity performances and can also negatively influence mental performances and cognitive function as executive functions and attention. This review was realized in order to provide a better understanding of the influence of the heat on cognition as attentional processes. In addition, applied recommendations and strategies (e.g., acclimation, cooling, mental technics), that individuals can use during learning, training or competitions performed in hot environments, are discussed. Finally, new directions in research are proposed.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence in recommender systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Yaochu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Recommender Systems ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Service Support ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
New Research

Abstract Recommender systems provide personalized service support to users by learning their previous behaviors and predicting their current preferences for particular products. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly computational intelligence and machine learning methods and algorithms, has been naturally applied in the development of recommender systems to improve prediction accuracy and solve data sparsity and cold start problems. This position paper systematically discusses the basic methodologies and prevailing techniques in recommender systems and how AI can effectively improve the technological development and application of recommender systems. The paper not only reviews cutting-edge theoretical and practical contributions, but also identifies current research issues and indicates new research directions. It carefully surveys various issues related to recommender systems that use AI, and also reviews the improvements made to these systems through the use of such AI approaches as fuzzy techniques, transfer learning, genetic algorithms, evolutionary algorithms, neural networks and deep learning, and active learning. The observations in this paper will directly support researchers and professionals to better understand current developments and new directions in the field of recommender systems using AI.

The neurobiology of psychopathy: recent developments and new directions in research and treatment

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Research ◽  
Effective Treatments

Psychopathic individuals account for substantial predatory and impulsive violence. To the present, the principal intervention used to decrease the harm inflicted by psychopaths has been confinement. Nevertheless, most confined psychopathic persons return to the community. Recent advances in the understanding of the neurobiology of psychopathy hold promise for new research directions and more effective treatments. In this article, we will explore recent advances in genetics, electrophysiology, brain imaging, and psychopharmacology, as well as, in brief, their implications for new directions in research and treatment.

LOW-DIMENSIONAL COMBINATORIAL DYNAMICS

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (09) ◽  
pp. 1687-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
LLUÍS ALSEDÀ ◽  
JAUME LLIBRE ◽  
MICHAŁ MISIUREWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Open Problems ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Combinatorial Dynamics ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Low Dimensional Dynamics ◽  
Made In

The aim of this paper is to give an account of some of the progress made in these last years in the combinatorial low-dimensional dynamics and to suggest some research directions and open problems.

Nanoscopic Molecular Engineering: Organic MBE and STM

1992 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Hara ◽  
Anthony F. Garito ◽  
Hiroyuki Sasabe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Novel Material ◽  
Low Dimensionality ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Low Dimensional Materials

ABSTRACTApplication of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), especially for organic molecular systems, has been drawing our attention as a new approach to realizing novel material structures with low dimensionality, which are expected to exhibit important electronic and photonic properties. The following is an outline of our work in progress, including an overview of “nanoscopic” molecular engineering. Future possibilities of fabrication, modification and characterization for organic low-dimensional materials are reviewed with the new concept embraced by “nanoscopic” science and technology.

Mechanisms of high-Tc superconductivity in low-dimensional materials

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Z. Kresin
Keyword(s):  
Proximity Effect ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Phonon Coupling ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Electron Phonon Coupling ◽  
Low Dimensionality ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Low Dimensional Materials

High-Tc superconductivity is due to the action of two mechanisms: (1) plasmon mechanism, i.e., exchange of two-dimensional (2-D) plasmons and (2) strong electron-phonon coupling. The low dimensionality and the small value of the carrier concentration make the plasmon mechanism favorable. The small value of the coherence length leads to a unique opportunity to observe a multigap structure. The proximity effect can be used in order to increase Tc of A-15 compounds.

scholarly journals Whistleblowing and accounting for the public interest: a call for new directions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Quayle
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Value ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
New Research

PurposeThis paper aims to generate new research directions at the intersection of accounting, whistleblowing and publicness: defined as the attainment of public goals, interests and values.Design/methodology/approachA problematising review is used to challenge and rethink the existing accounting and whistleblowing literature by incorporating readings from the public interest and public value literature. The paper draws on the work of Dewey (1927), Bozeman (2007) and Benington (2009) to open up new ways of theorising relations between accounting, whistleblowing and publicness.FindingsFirstly, the paper develops a public interest theoretical framework which shows whistleblowing is a public value activity that moves organisational wrongdoing into the public sphere where it is subject to democratic debate and dialogue required to reconcile the public's interests with what the public values. Secondly, this framework provides one answer to continuing questions in the literature of how to define accountings relationship to the public interest. Finally, the paper suggests this conceptual framework be used to stimulate debate on whether and how one should expand existing accounting and accountability knowledge boundaries to incorporate the broader social, political and moral concerns highlighted by whistleblowers acting in the public interest.Originality/valueAccounting and whistleblowing research has ignored the theoretical implications of whistleblowing in the public interest. The paper shows how accounting and accountability can respond to the challenges of a shifting and intangible public interest by providing a conceptual framework to guide current and future theoretical questions of how accounting is connected to the public interest.

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