scholarly journals Hydropriming Improves Germination and Plant Recovery During Embryo Rescue of Wild Banana Musa acuminata var. tomentosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Apriliana Dyah Prawestri ◽  
Indira Riastiwi ◽  
Resa Sri Rahayu ◽  
Tri Handayani ◽  
Aryani Leksonowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Wild Banana

Wild bananas are believed to have genes for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress in nature, making them potential genetic resources for creating superior varieties. Wild banana seeds, such as Musa acuminata var. tomentosa are generally difficult to germinate in vivo, so that in vitro embryo culture technique is needed. This study aimed to increase embryo germination and regeneration of wild banana M. acuminata var. tomentosa by soaking the seeds as hydropriming. The treatment comprised of soaking the seeds in sterile distilled water for four periods of time: 0 (control), 1, 4, and 7 days. A total of 45 embryos for each treatment were planted on petri dishes containing MS + 0.5 mg/L BA + 1 mg/L biotin + 1 mg/L proline. The results showed that hydropriming increased the rate of embryo germination and regeneration. Seeds soaked for 1, 4, and 7 days successfully resulted in embryo germination percentages of 87%, 62%, and 62%, respectively, while the control unsoaked seeds germinated with a lower percentage of 42%. One-day soaking treatment was the most optimal treatment to increase the rate of germination and regeneration as well as obtained the best vigor as demonstrated by the highest average height of plantlets, number of leaves, and roots than other treatments. Thus, 1-day seed hydropriming is the best treatment for embryo rescue and regeneration of wild banana M. acuminata var. tomentosa

scholarly journals Effects of Storage and Priming on Seed Emergence in Soil and Embryo Culture of Musa acuminata Calcutta 4

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Victoria Wilson ◽  
Abdou Tenkouano
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Test Treatment

Aims: Effects of 3 storage durations, 3 hydro priming protocols and 6 chemical priming protocols on emergence in soil (in vivo) and embryo culture (in vitro) of Musa acuminata Calcutta 4 were investigated. Study Design: The experimental design was a completely randomised with three replicates. Analysis of variance was used (P=.05) to test treatment effects in a Completely Randomised design. Mean comparison was by LSD. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out for a period of 10 months at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture High Rainfall Station, Onne, in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methodology: Seed pre-sowing treatments consisted of 3 storage protocols, 3 hydro priming and 6 chemical treatment protocols. After which treated seeds were divided into two sets. One set was sown directly in soil and the other set subjected to embryo culture technique. Results:  Seeds sown in soil immediately they were extracted had significantly higher emergence than stored seeds. Emergence declined by 20% and 23% after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of storage respectively. For embryo culture, seeds stored for 2 weeks had significantly higher germination (40%) than seeds that were not stored or seeds stored for 4 weeks (38%). Emergence in vivo was significantly higher for seeds that were not hydro primed than for seeds hydro primed for 4 days or 8 days. Emergence declined by 33% and 38% in seeds hydro primed for 4 days and 8 days respectively. Hydro priming for embryo culture for 4 days increased germination significantly by 60% compared to those without hydro priming. All the chemicals reduced emergence in both soil and in vitro procedures except that of Copper oxychloride in embryo culture which increased germination by 18%, compared to the control achieving 47% germination. Conclusion: Higher germination was recorded with in vitro than in vivo procedures irrespective of the treatments applied. Perhaps inherent factors in the seed coat and possible interactions in soil may account for the poor emergence exhibited in vivo and will require further investigation.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Identification and Functional Insight of Lily WRKY Genes Responding to Botrytis Fungal Disease

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Shipra Kumari ◽  
Bashistha Kumar Kanth ◽  
Ju young Ahn ◽  
Jong Hwa Kim ◽  
Geung-Joo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Genome Wide

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq of Lilium longiflorum revealed valuable genes responding to biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors are regulatory proteins playing essential roles in defense processes under environmental stresses, causing considerable losses in flower quality and production. Thirty-eight WRKY genes were identified from the transcriptomic profile from lily genotypes, exhibiting leaf blight caused by Botrytis elliptica. Lily WRKYs have a highly conserved motif, WRKYGQK, with a common variant, WRKYGKK. Phylogeny of LlWRKYs with homologous genes from other representative plant species classified them into three groups- I, II, and III consisting of seven, 22, and nine genes, respectively. Base on functional annotation, 22 LlWRKY genes were associated with biotic stress, nine with abiotic stress, and seven with others. Sixteen unique LlWRKY were studied to investigate responses to stress conditions using gene expression under biotic and abiotic stress treatments. Five genes—LlWRKY3, LlWRKY4, LlWRKY5, LlWRKY10, and LlWRKY12—were substantially upregulated, proving to be biotic stress-responsive genes in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, the expression patterns of LlWRKY genes varied in response to drought, heat, cold, and different developmental stages or tissues. Overall, our study provides structural and molecular insights into LlWRKY genes for use in the genetic engineering in Lilium against Botrytis disease.

Studies of Metabolism Mediated Mutagenicity In Vitro

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_part_1) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Dag Jenssen ◽  
Lennart Romert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Organ Perfusion ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
In Vitro Methods

To understand the cause of the biological effects of xenobiotic metabolism in mammals, investigators have traditionally performed animal experiments by comparing the results of biochemical methods, such as measurement of enzyme activity analysis of the metabolites produced, with the observed toxicological effect. This article deals with in vitro methods for genotoxicity combined with drug metabolising preparations at the organelle, cell or organ levels, as exemplified by microsome preparations, isolated cells/cell lines and organ perfusion systems, respectively. The advantage of some of these methods for studying metabolism-mediated mutagenicity is that the measured endpoint reflects not only the bioactivating phase I reactions, but also the detoxifying phase II reactions, and the transfer of the non-conjugated reactive metabolites to other cells and their ability to cause mutations in these cells. In vivo, all these events are important factors in the initiation of cancer. A mechanistic advantage of the methods for metabolism-mediated mutagenicity in vitro is that the relevance of the different steps in metabolism for the mutational events can seldom be investigated in an in vivo assay. Furthermore, human studies can easily be performed using the co-culture technique with isolated human cells or cell lines.

scholarly journals An in vitro ovarian explant culture system to examine sex change in a hermaphroditic fish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Goikoetxea ◽  
Erin L Damsteegt ◽  
Erica V Todd ◽  
Andrew McNaughton ◽  
Neil J Gemmell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Sex Change ◽  
Explant Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Aromatase Activity ◽  
Histological Images ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Learning Software

AbstractMany teleost fishes undergo natural sex change, and elucidating the physiological and molecular controls of this process offers unique opportunities not only to develop methods of controlling sex in aquaculture settings, but to better understand vertebrate sexual development more broadly. Induction of sex change in some sequentially hermaphroditic or gonochoristic fish can be achieved in vivo through social manipulation, inhibition of aromatase activity, and steroid treatment. However, the induction of sex change in vitro has been largely unexplored. In this study, we established an in vitro culture system for ovarian explants in serum-free medium for a model sequential hermaphrodite, the New Zealand spotty wrasse (Notolabrus celidotus). This culture technique enabled evaluating the effect of various treatments with 17β-estradiol (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) or cortisol (CORT) on spotty wrasse ovarian architecture for 21 days. A quantitative approach to measuring the degree of ovarian atresia within histological images was also developed, using pixel-based machine learning software. Ovarian atresia likely due to culture was observed across all treatments including no-hormone controls, but was minimised with treatment of at least 10 ng/mL E2. Neither 11KT nor CORT administration induced proliferation of spermatogonia (i.e. sex change) in the cultured ovaries indicating culture beyond 21 days may be needed to induce sex change in vitro. The in vitro gonadal culture and analysis systems established here enable future studies investigating the paracrine role of sex steroids, glucocorticoids and a variety of other factors during gonadal sex change in fish.

In vitro Fibre production and protein deposition in secondary hair follicles of the cashmere and angora goat

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 219-219
Author(s):  
D R Lee ◽  
H Galbraith ◽  
J R Scaife
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Angora Goat

Hair fibre represents an important biological process to many feral and domesticated animals, both for environmental protection and as an aid to thermoregulation. Mohair which is the fine fibre produced by secondary hair follicles of the Angora goat grows essentially independent of season, with typical growth rates of 0.5-1 .0mm/day and annual yields typically 2-3kg. In contrast, down production from secondary hair follicles of double coated goats, classified as cashmere, is dependent on season. Fibre grows from around the summer to the winter solstice or later, with growth rates in this period of 0.3-0.7mm/day and annual yields maximally 600g but typically less than 100g. Questions arise as to how the seasonal stimuli affect fibre growth, and what determines the differences in fibre production between the two genotypes at the follicle level.In the work described here, based on the in vitro isolation and culture technique developed for the Angora and Cashmere goats by Ibraheem et al (1993, 1992 repectively) we have compared fibre volume produced in vivo and in vitro, examined the DNA concentration and protein depositional capacities of mohair and cashmere secondary follicles. In addition the effects of the hormones prolactin and melatonin as mediators of photoperiod in vivo, on in vitro protein deposition in mohair and cashmere secondary hair follicles are also examined.

Capillary perfusion pattern and microvascular geometry in heterogeneous hypoxic areas of hypoperfused rat myocardium

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. H2183-H2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vetterlein ◽  
M. Prange ◽  
D. Lubrich ◽  
J. Pedina ◽  
M. Neckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Indicator Dyes ◽  
Myocardial Biopsies

The origin of heterogeneities in tissue oxygenation due to low-flow ischemia was studied in hypoperfused myocardium of anesthetized rats. In frozen sections of myocardial biopsies the localization of increases in NADH fluorescence, an indicator of tissue hypoxia, was compared with microvascular flow distribution and capillary geometry. The latter parameters were accomplished through capillary labeling with indicator dyes in vivo and enzyme-histochemical staining in vitro, respectively. Most NADH-fluorescent areas were found to have developed despite sustained capillary flow. When the fractions of arterial, venous, and intermediate capillary segments were analyzed within circumscribed hypoxic fields (< 200 microns diam), frequencies of 30.7 +/- 6.1, 35.3 +/- 5.3, and 30.8 +/- 5.0%, respectively, were found. In contrast, a significantly higher fraction of arterial segments (63.2 +/- 3.3%) and a lower percentage of venous segments (16.4 +/- 2.5%) were determined in nonhypoxic islands enclosed by hypoxic tissue. These results support the view that the latter zones are located near the arterial portion of the capillary bed where their oxygenation is favored during low-flow states. This effect appears to contribute to the supply heterogeneities in hypoperfused myocardium.

Positive effect of in vitro embryo rescue on breaking the dormancy of wild banana seeds compared to direct sowing in the greenhouse

Fruits ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
A. Ongagna ◽  
◽  
C.U. DzokouoDzoyem ◽  
E. Youmbi ◽  
F. Bakry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Wild Banana ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Direct Sowing

scholarly journals Verification and Establishment of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Kardinal’ x H. paniculata ‘Brussels Lace’ Interspecific Hybrids

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Reed ◽  
G. L. Riedel ◽  
M. R. Pooler
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Putative Hybrids

Abstract An interspecific hydrangea breeding project with the goal of producing cold-hardy hydrangeas with brightly colored flowers was initiated in 1997. The objective of the current study was to transfer Hydrangea macrophylla x H. paniculata plants obtained using ovule culture to in vivo conditions and to verify their hybrid nature. Putative hybrids, representing five H. macrophylla x H. paniculata cultivar combinations, were propagated and rooted in vitro. ‘Kardinal’ x ‘Brussels Lace’ putative hybrids were the only plants that produced roots and survived transfer to the greenhouse. RAPD markers were used to verify hybridity in 13 of these plants, only 5 of which survived. Four of the ‘Kardinal’ x ‘Brussels Lace’ hybrids were greatly reduced in size and slow-growing, having an average height of only 6.4 cm (2.5 in) 8 months after being removed from in vitro conditions. Height, internode length, leaf length and leaf width were approximately six times greater in the remaining ‘Kardinal’ x ‘Brussels Lace’ hybrid than in the four small hybrids. All hybrids resembled H. paniculata in leaf shape and pubescence, and appeared to be less susceptible than H. macrophylla to powdery mildew. Intercrosses between hybrids and backcrosses to parental species will be made when the hybrids flower.

scholarly journals CRAC Channel Controls the Differentiation of Pathogenic B Cells in Lupus Nephritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Qin Zeng ◽  
Shuyi Wang ◽  
Mengyuan Li ◽  
Xionghui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Channel Inhibition ◽  
Crac Channel

Store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel is the main Ca2+ influx pathway in lymphocytes and is essential for immune response. Lupus nephritis (LN) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies due to widespread loss of immune tolerance. In this study, RNA-seq analysis revealed that calcium transmembrane transport and calcium channel activity were enhanced in naive B cells from patients with LN. The increased expression of ORAI1, ORAI2, and STIM2 in naive B cells from patients with LN was confirmed by flow cytometry and Western blot, implying a role of CRAC channel in B-cell dysregulation in LN. For in vitro study, CRAC channel inhibition by YM-58483 or downregulation by ORAI1-specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase2 (CaMK2) and suppressed Blimp-1 expression in primary human B cells, resulting in decreased B-cell differentiation and immunoglobulin G (IgG) production. B cells treated with CaMK2-specific siRNA showed defects in plasma cell differentiation and IgG production. For in vivo study, YM-58483 not only ameliorated the progression of LN but also prevented the development of LN. MRL/lpr lupus mice treated with YM-58483 showed lower percentage of plasma cells in the spleen and reduced concentration of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies in the sera significantly. Importantly, mice treated with YM-58483 showed decreased immune deposition in the glomeruli and alleviated kidney damage, which was further confirmed in NZM2328 lupus mice. Collectively, CRAC channel controlled the differentiation of pathogenic B cells and promoted the progression of LN. This study provides insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of LN and that CRAC channel could serve as a potential therapeutic target for LN.

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