scholarly journals Analisis Semiotika tentang Penggambaran Orang Pedalaman pada Film Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Maria Rosalia ◽  
Nanang Krisdinanto ◽  
Brigitta Revia Sandy Fiesta
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure

This study was conducted to see the depiction of inland people who became minorities in Indonesian films. Since the 2000s, Indonesian films have tended to portray minorities as a group that still lags behind. This is seen from the two film categories selected in this study, namely educational and social-themed films. This study was conducted to see how inland people were described using Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic method. As a knife of analysis will be used the concept of blackness developed by Ed Guerrero to see aspects of behavior, intelligence, and emotions of the minority groups depicted in the film. The films analyzed are Sokola Rimba and Lost in Papua. The results showed that Indonesian films with the theme of education and social always attached minorities with the impression of being stupid, primitive and backward. In the category of behavior (behavior), inland people tend to be displayed close to backwardness (primitive) or evil. While intelligent (intelligence), they are described as having low intelligence or stupid, and emotionally (emotionally) are described as people close to violence and unable to find a solution if a problem occurs. Such images can form prejudices in the minds of the public, which then crystallize into stereotypes that are considered true.Kajian ini dilakukan untuk melihat penggambaran orang pedalaman yang menjadi kaum minoritas dalam Film-film Indonesia. Sejak tahun 2000-an, film-film Indonesia memiliki kecenderungan menggambarkan kaum minoritas sebagai kelompok yang masih tertinggal. Hal ini dilihat dari dua kategori film yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini, yakni film bertema pendidikan dan sosial. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana orang-orang pedalaman digambarkan dengan menggunakan metode semiotika milik Ferdinand de Saussure. Sebagai pisau analisis akan digunakan konsep blackness yang dikembangkan Ed Guerrero untuk melihat aspek perilaku, kecerdasan, dan emosi dari kelompok minoritas yang digambarkan dalam film. Film yang dianalisis adalah Sokola Rimba dan Lost in Papua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, film Indonesia yang bertema pendidikan dan sosial selalu melekatkan kaum minoritas dengan kesan bodoh, primitif dan terbelakang. Dalam kategori tingkah laku (behavior), orang-orang pedalaman cenderung ditampilkan dekat dengan keterbelakangan (primitif) atau jahat. Sementara secara intelligent (kecerdasan), mereka digambarkan memiliki kecerdasan rendah atau bodoh, dan secara emotional (emosi) digambarkan sebagai orang-orang dekat dengan kekerasan dan tidak mampu mencari penyelesaian jika terjadi persoalan. Gambaran-gambaran seperti ini bisa membentuk prasangka di benak khalayak, yang kemudian mengkristal menjadi stereotip yang dianggap benar.

Tolerance and Accommodation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori G. Beaman
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere

This chapter problematizes the notions and language of tolerance and accommodation in relation to religious diversity, and traces their genealogy both as legal solutions and as discursive frameworks within which religious diversity is increasingly understood in the public sphere. The problem they pose is that they create a hierarchy of privilege that preserves hegemonic power relations by religious majorities over religious minorities. Tolerance in this context might be imagined as the broadly stated value that we must deal with diversity and those who are different from us by tolerating them. Accommodation might be seen as the implementation of this value—that in order to demonstrate our commitment to tolerance we must accommodate the ‘demands’ of minority groups and those individuals who position themselves or align themselves with minorities.

Public Health and a President’s Racism

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This chapter addresses how racism presents a clear threat to the health of populations. In 2018, President Donald Trump made racist comments toward countries with predominantly nonwhite populations. Why did the president’s racism matter for the health of the public? To answer this question, one needs to understand where health comes from. Health is the product of the social, economic, and cultural context in which people live. This context is also shaped by social norms that do much to determine people’s behaviors and their consequences. Changing these norms can produce both positive and negative health effects. On the positive side, changing norms can promote health, by making unacceptable unhealthy conditions and behaviors that were once common, even celebrated. On the negative side, changing norms for the worse can empower elements of hate in society. When a president promotes hate, it shifts norms, suggesting that hate does in fact have a place in the country and the world. This opens the door to more hate crimes, more exclusion of minority groups from salutary resources, and little to no effort to address racial health gaps.

Kashmiris in the Hindu Rashtra

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-280
Author(s):  
Mridu Rai
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Gendered Violence ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
The Public ◽  
Negotiated Settlement ◽  
Democratic Engagement ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Terrorist Violence

Mridu Rai discusses the location of Kashmiri Muslims in India after the BJP’s electoral win in 2014, identifying how Kashmiri Muslims are made to serve as contrapuntal symbols for constructing a mythical Hindu nation – of terrorist violence, illegitimate religious impulses and sedition. Rai argues that the evocatory purpose Kashmiris serve is so essential to Hindutva that it dissipates the possibility of resolving the Kashmir question under the Modi-led BJP. The preference for militaristic modes of dominance has allowed India to eschew its responsibility of administering Kashmir through democratic engagement and of seeking negotiated settlement with all segments of the public. This governance confines Kashmiris to a reality of daily atrocities, including shootings, mass graves and gendered violence. The study of the mistreatment of Kashmiris by the Indian state and Hindu nationalists is important, as similar repressive strategies are being deployed in the heartland of India against other minority groups.

The Freedom to Exclude: The Case of Israeli Society

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Israeli Society ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Right

The phenomenon of social exclusion in Israel is a vivid demonstration of the Basic Laws' failure to fulfil their integrative role. Despite the ‘constitutional revolution’ and the Supreme Court's ongoing endeavour over the last two decades to instil a bill of rights through its jurisprudence, Israeli society has failed to fully internalise values of equality. In terms of legal jargon, individuals continue to claim and exercise ‘sole and despotic dominion’ over their private property in order to avoid contact with individuals belonging to certain minority groups. In many cases, such behaviour in the private sphere results in exclusion from the public sphere.This phenomenon is especially astonishing considering the fact that many laws in Israel apply the right of equality to the private sphere. Furthermore, the Israeli Supreme Court has developed comprehensive human rights jurisprudence applicable to the private sphere. The gap between the law in the books and the law in action illustrates that effective implementation of human rights in the private sphere cannot be achieved solely by specific legislation or by jurisprudence that is sensitive to human rights. This argument is backed by several recent bills which preserve and enforce the exclusion of minorities, particularly of Arabs, from the public sphere. These bills illustrate that exclusion is indeed a growing phenomenon in Israeli society that cannot be overlooked. Moreover, they underscore the urgent need to entrench a direct obligation to apply human rights to the private sphere at the constitutional level. This will be achieved only when Israel adopts a full constitution.

Race and attitudes toward police: the mediating effect of social distance

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joongyeup Lee ◽  
Jennifer C. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attitudes Toward The Police

Purpose – Given the consistent finding in the literature that members of minority groups hold less favorable views of the police than white citizens, social distance may be an important, yet untested, mediator. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of social distance net of other established correlates. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of students attending a university in the northeastern USA completed an online survey in 2013. The survey was about their contact with the police, attitudes toward the police, and lifestyles, among others. Findings – Race, along with other predictors, significantly influenced confidence in police. However, race is the only factor that turns nonsignificant when social distance is included in the model. Mediation tests confirmed that social distance mediates the relationship between race and confidence in the police. Research limitations/implications – To maximize confidence in the police, administrators should focus on closing the social distance between the public and the police through initiatives like community policing. Originality/value – While there is extensive research on public attitudes toward the police, social distance has been neglected as a determinant, despite movements like community policing that promote citizens’ relational closeness to the police – that is, to decrease the social distance between police and the public. The current study would be an exploratory study and reference for future studies.

Jewish Space and the Beschneidungsdebatte in Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay (Koby) Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Development ◽  
Jewish Practice

The concept of Jewish space, initially conceived by Diana Pinto as a unique European development, marked a critical shift in relations between Jews and non-Jews, the latter embracing a Jewish past as constitutive of their countries' own. The hoped-for European multiculturalism failed to blossom and Jewish space, in Pinto's assessment, has not born the fruit of its potential. To investigate the shortfall of Jewish space, this article examines the 2012 debate on ritual male circumcision in Germany (Beschneidungsdebatte) that drew contemporary Jewish practice into the public eye. Pinto's formulation is premised on a multicultural society that actively works to blunt intolerance, a condition whose fulfilment in contemporary Europe remains incomplete and uneven. Moreover, this attempt to extend the integration of history into memory was stymied by its lack of a living subject. While Jews constitute a long-standing minority population with a unique history in Germany, their success in establishing a shared Jewish space is tied to the broader project of tolerance and integration facing immigrant and minority groups in Western Europe.

scholarly journals Québec News-Print Media Portrayals of Immigrants During the Reasonable Accomodations Commission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Hall
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
News Media ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Media Portrayals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Reasonable Accommodations ◽  
Critical Content ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Discourses

Media and public discourses are constantly changing as a result of their effect on one another. The Consultation Commission on Accommodation Practices Related to Cultural Differences which roamed the province of Québec in late 2007 was widely reported on in the mainstream news-media. This paper provides a critical content analysis of 105 articles in three Québec daily newspapers (La Presse, Le Soleil, and The Gazette) during the months of September to December 2007 when the public forums discussing the reasonable accommodation of minority groups took place. By making theoretical linkages with the data collected, the findings show that the media discourses between the three newspapers vary slightly and are not accurate representations of the public discourses surrounding the issue of reasonable accommodations amongst the Québec population.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Applicability of “the Spiral of Silence” in Weibo

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. p159
Author(s):  
Chaoran Jia
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Spiral Of Silence ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
The Public ◽  
Core Theory ◽  
The Media ◽  
Internet Environment ◽  
The Spiral Of Silence ◽  
Basic Hypothesis

“The spiral of silence” theory was first funded by Professor Elizabeth Noelle Neumann in 1972. This theory indicates that, if a person feels that his opinion is belonging to minority, he is less likely to express it, because he is afraid of being retaliated or isolated by majority. This theory assumes that people are always estimating what the public opinion is, and they often judge it through the media. The theory also assumes that we have an inherent fear of isolation and that we know what perspectives can lead us to isolation by majority. This theory also explains why there are always such minority groups in the society and they dare to raise different opinions. With the flash development of the Internet, more and more self media have broken the old pattern of mass media as the information publisher. So it is a big question whether “the spiral of silence” theory is still applicable to the Internet environment. This paper, from the perspective of the basic hypothesis and core theory of “the spiral of silence”, focuses on whether the theory is applicable to the communicative behavior in We-Media.

scholarly journals The role of Integrated Islamic Education in Enhancing Access to Formal Education in Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Adan Saman Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
The Public ◽  
Muslim Children ◽  
Secular Schools ◽  
Education Act

Muslim children in Kenya attend several educational institutions including Qur’anic schools, Madrasa and secular public schools. Those who attend all the three tracks usually begin their lessons in Qur’anic schools at about 4.00 a.m. and move on to the secular public schools between 7.OO a.m. and 4.00 p.m. From the public secular schools, they again move on to Madrasa classes from 4.30 p.m. to about 6.00 p.m. Many of these children have ended up dropping out of either Madrasa or public secular schools due to the distances between these institutions and the curriculum overload involved. This state of affairs has meant that children are missing out either on Islamic education or on the free secular public education. In the last two decades, Kenya has witnessed a new type of institution that combines Islamic religious subjects and the public secular education curriculum. Though these schools are purely private initiatives requiring some form of fee payment, Muslims in Kenya have fully embraced them. This paper argues that the Islamic integrated schools can be an alternative avenue of education for Muslim children since they combine the best of both the Islamic and secular public systems. It traces Islamic education in the different historical epochs, beginning with the arrival of Islam on the shores of the East African coast to the present, with the establishment of the first integrated school in the mid 1990’s. The success of this type of schooling is attested to by the government’s adoption of integration in its 2012 Education Act, as one of the strategies for increasing access to education for Muslims and other minority groups. The paper draws upon field research carried out between April and July 2012 in Garissa County. The study utilized interviews, observation and document reviews to gather data on the popularity of this type of schooling and the challenges they face in combining two different curricula under one roof.   Abstrak:     Kanak-kanak Islam di Kenya menghadiri beberapa institusi pendidikan termasuk sekolah-sekolah Al-Quran, Madrasah dan sekolah-sekolah awam yang sekular. Mereka yang menghadiri kesemua institusi ini biasanya memulakan pelajaran mereka di sekolah Al-Quran pada kira-kira jam 4.00 pagi dan bergerak ke sekolah sekular awam jam 7.00 pagi hingga 4.00 petang. Dari sekolah sekular awam, mereka berpindah pula ke kelas Madrasah dari 4.30 petang hingga kira-kira 6.00 petang. Ramai di antara kanak-kanak ini akhirnya tercicir daripada Madrasah atau sekolah awam yang sekular disebabkan jauhnya jarak di antara institusi-institusi ini dan kurikulum yang terlalu sarat. Keadaan ini bermakna bahawa kanak-kanak akan kehilangan salah satu pendidikan Islam atau pendidikan awam sekular yang percuma. Dalam dua dekad yang lalu, Kenya telah menyaksikan sejenis institusi baru yang menggabungkan mata pelajaran agama Islam dan kurikulum pendidikan sekular awam. Walaupun sekolah ini adalah inisiatif peribadi yang memerlukan beberapa bentuk pembayaran yuran, umat Islam di Kenya telah menerimanya dengan sepenuh hati. Kertas ini berhujah bahawa sekolah-sekolah bersepadu Islam boleh menjadi satu saluran alternatif pendidikan untuk kanak-kanak Islam kerana mereka menggabungkan yang terbaik daripada kedua-dua sistem Islam dan sekular. Ia menjejaki perkembangan pendidikan Islam di era sejarah yang berbeza, bermula dengan ketibaan Islam di pinggir pantai sebelah Timur Afrika, dengan penubuhan sekolah bersepadu yang pertama di pertengahan tahun 1990an. Kejayaan sekolah jenis ini telah diakui oleh kerajaan yang menggunapakai integrasi dalam Akta Pendidikan 2012, sebagai salah satu strategi bagi meningkatkan akses kepada pendidikan di kalangan umat Islam dan kumpulan minoriti yang lain. Kajian yang berasaskan kajian di lapangan ini telah dijalankan antara April dan Julai 2012 di Garissa County. Kajian ini telah menggunakan temu bual, pemerhatian dan analisis dokumen untuk mengumpul data tentang populariti persekolahan jenis ini dan cabaran-cabaran yang dihadapi dalam menggabungkan dua kurikulum yang berbeza di bawah satu bumbung.  

scholarly journals Digitizing migration heritage: A case study of a minority museum

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (50) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Marselis
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
User Participation ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Migration History ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
On Line ◽  
Multiethnic Societies

Museums are increasingly digitizing their collections and making them available to the public on-line. Creating such digital resources may become means for social inclusion. For museums that acknowledge migration history and cultures of ethnic minority groups as important subjects in multiethnic societies, digitization brings new possibilities for reaching source communities. This article describes Web projects conducted at Museum Maluku in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The article focuses on the museum’s experiences with cross-institutional Web projects, since digitization of the museum’s collection was initiated through collaboration with major national heritage institutions. The article also discusses how source communities through digital participation can become involved in building cultural heritage. Based on the case study of the Museum Maluku, it is argued that in order to design an appropriate mode of user participation as well as a sense of ownership it is crucial to take memory politics of source communities into account.

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