scholarly journals TAXONOMY AND GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF PANGASIIDAE, ASIAN CATFISHES, BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSES

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Rudhy Gustiano ◽  
Laurent Pouyaud
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Asian Mainland

<p>Pangasiids are economically important riverine catfishes generally residing in freshwater from the Indian subcontinent to the Indonesian Archipelago. The systematics of this family are still poorly known. Consequently, lack of such basic information impedes the understanding of the biology of the Pangasiids and the study of their aquaculture potential as well as improvement of seed production and growth performance. The objectives of the present study are to clarify phylogeny of this family based on a biometric analysis and molecular evidence using 12S ribosomal mtDNA on the total of 1070 specimens. The study revealed that 28 species are recognised as valid in Pangasiidae. Four genera are also recognized as Helicophagus Bleeker 1858, Pangasianodon Chevey 1930, Pteropangasius Fowler 1937, and Pangasius Valenciennes 1840 instead of two as reported by previous workers. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the recognised genera, and genetic relationships among taxa. Overall, trees from the different analyses show similar topologies and confirm the hypothesis derived from geological history, palaeontology, and similar models in other taxa of fishes from the same area. The oldest genus may already have existed when the Asian mainland was still connected to the islands in the southern part about 20 million years ago.</p>

scholarly journals Pangasiid Catfishes of Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Rudhy Gustiano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Pectoral Spine ◽  
Adipose Fin

<p>Pangasiidae are economically important riverine catfishes generally occurring in freshwater from the Indian subcontinent to the Indonesian Archipelago. Morphologically, they are recognized by a laterally compressed body, two pairs of barbels, a short dorsal fin with two spines, a well developed adipose fin, a long anal fin, and a strong pectoral spine. The systematics of this family are still poorly known. Consequently, the lack of this basic information is a great barrier in understanding the biology and hence the study of the aquaculture potential of species, the improvement of their seed production and growth performance. Objectives of the study are to present all species and genera of pangasiid catfishes of Indonesia including their distribution and detailed identification.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kelompok ikan pangasius atau pangasiidae merupakan jenis penting ikan &amp;ldquo;catfish&amp;rdquo; (bersungut) yang hidup di air tawar dan tersebar dari daratan India hingga kepulauan Indonesia. Secara umum ikan ini memiliki bentuk tubuh memanjang dan ramping, dua pasang sungut, sirip punggung yang relatif pendek dengan dua duri keras, sirip lunak tambahan yang berkembang sempurna sebagai pengontrol renang, dan tulang sirip dada yang kuat. Secara sistematik, kelompok ikan pangasius masih belum dikenal secara baik. Oleh karena itu, kurangnya informasi dasar yang dimiliki pada kelompok ikan ini merupakan hambatan utama untuk memahami sifat-sifat biologinya, pengembangan budidayanya, produksi benih, dan perbaikan keragaannya. Tujuan dari studi yang dilakukan adalah untuk menyajikan semua spesies dan genus ikan pangasius yang ada di Indonesia mencakup distribusi, sebaran, dan kunci identifikasinya secara detail.</p>

Taxonomy and phylogeny of two subgroups of Pelargonium section Otidia (Geraniaceae). 1. The Pelargonium carnosum complex

Bothalia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Becker ◽  
F. Albers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Specific Rank ◽  
Complex Distribution

This contribution deals with the taxonomy and phylogeny of the  Pelargonium carnosum complex, a group of closely related taxa of Pelargonium L’Hér. section  Otidia (Sweet) DC. (Geraniaceae) that is distributed in the winter rainfall area of South Africa. According to molecular analyses via AFLP, P. adriaanii M.Becker F.AIbers,  P. carnosum (L.) L’Uér., P.  ferulaceum (C'av.) Willd. and P. polycephalum (E.Mey. ex Harv.) R.Knuth form a monophyletic clade. Although hybridization may occur between the taxa, three are assigned to specific rank. The fourth taxon, P. ferulaceum is recognized as a subspecies ot'P carnosum. As is implied from the occurrence of morphological intermediates and partly from molecular evidence,hybridization does not only occur among the taxa in this complex but also involves species closely related to this group  (P. panifiorum J.C.Wendl., P. laxum (Sweet) G.Don, P. dasyphyllum R.Knuth). For the taxa in the P. carnosum complex, distribution areas are delineated and diagnostic features that have until now remained obscure, are outlined.

Morphological, genome-size and molecular analyses of Apostasia fogangica (Apostasioideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
YA-YI YIN ◽  
PING-SHENG ZHONG ◽  
GUO-QIANG ZHANG ◽  
LI-JUN CHEN ◽  
SI-JIN ZENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
A New Species

After examining morphological, molecular and genome-size evidence, we describe and illustrate a new orchid species, Apostasia fogangica, from Guangdong, China. Morphological comparisons indicate that A. fogangica is similar to A. shenzhenica, although the habit, leaves, inflorescences and fruit shapes and sizes differ. Comparison of the genome sizes in Apostasioideae show that A. fogangica is 1C=0.952 pg, which is double the size of A. shenzhenica but close to that of A. wallichii. Molecular analyses from combined nuclear and plastid datasets (ITS, matK and trnL-F) indicate that A. fogangica is sister to A. nipponica plus A. shenzhenica. The morphological, genome-size and molecular evidence support the hypothesis that A. fogangica is a new species.

Re-examination of the taxonomy of the Macrobrachium australiense Holthuis (Decapoda : Palaemonidae) species-complex: molecular evidence for a single species

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas P. Murphy ◽  
John W. Short ◽  
Christopher M. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
North West ◽  
North East

The freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium australiense is distributed throughout the majority of inland, north-west, north-east and eastern drainages. Owing to the large amount of morphological divergence, both between and within catchments, this species has proven to be taxonomically difficult and, until recently, consisted of three separate species, each with subsequent subspecies. This study uses nucleotide sequences from the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene region to investigate the genetic relationships between populations and confirm the taxonomic status of M. australiense. The results from sequencing an approximately 450-bp fragment from this gene region from M. australiense sampled from 12 locations across inland, eastern and northern Australia identified very little variation. The variation found between 16S M. australiense haplotypes is much less than that found between Macrobrachium species, indicating that it is in fact a single species. The results are concordant with a recent morphological revision of Australian species in which nominal taxa of the M. australiense complex were synonymised.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence and marine snake origins

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S.Y Lee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
Molecular Tree

A molecular phylogeny was used to refute the marine scenario for snake origins. Nuclear gene sequences suggested that snakes are not closely related to living varanid lizards, thus also apparently contradicting proposed relationships between snakes and marine mosasaurs (usually considered to be varanoids). However, mosasaurs share derived similarities with both snakes and living varanids. A reanalysis of the morphological data suggests that, if the relationships between living taxa are constrained to the proposed molecular tree, with fossil forms allowed to insert in their optimal positions within this framework, mosasaurs cluster with snakes rather than with varanids. Combined morphological and molecular analyses also still unite marine lizards with snakes. Thus, the molecular data do not refute the phylogenetic evidence for a marine origin of snakes.

Exogenous Colonialism: Java Sugar between Nippon and Taikoo before and during the Interwar Depression, c. 1920–1940

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ROGER KNIGHT
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
China Market ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
Asian Mainland

AbstractThis paper discusses the commercial history of the Java sugar industry in the interwar decades of the 1920s and 1930s. Java's late colonial industry had a uniquely exogenous character, in that, amongst the world's major producers of cane sugar in the late colonial era, it was singularly devoid of metropolitan or quasi-metropolitan markets. Instead, it sought its markets pre-eminently on the Asian ‘mainland’ to its north and northwest. The Indian subcontinent formed one such market, but East Asia formed the second, and it is the Java industry's fortunes in China and Japan that provide the focus of the present paper. This focus highlights the extent to which the partial collapse of the industry in the mid-1930s related to factors altogether more complex than a simple fall in consumption and drop in prices associated with the interwar Depression. Fundamentally, it was evolving economic autarchy throughout east Asia, encouraged by Depression conditions, which lay at the heart of the Java sugar industry's problems in this sector of its market. Key factors were Java's ambivalent relationship with an expanding but crisis-ridden Japanese sugar ‘empire,’ and the effect on its long-standing links with British sugar refineries in Hong Kong because of the latter's increasing difficulties in the China market. In tandem, they underscored the commercial hazards inherent in Java sugar's exogenous situation.

Microsatellite marker analysis reveals the events of the introduction and spread of cultivated mulberry in the Indian subcontinent

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ramesh Krishnan ◽  
V. Girish Naik ◽  
S. R. Ramesh ◽  
S. M. H. Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Parent ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Microsatellite Marker Analysis

The secret art of silk culture along with mulberry seeds is presumed to have spread from China to other parts of the world including India through the famous Silk Road. In this study, we investigated a set of 36 important mulberry genotypes (designated as ‘breeders’ collection’) of historical importance that have been frequently used in Indian crop improvement programmes over the last five decades. This study is the first to employ a large number of microsatellite markers (140 screened; 70 used for profiling) to elucidate the diversity, structure and breeding history of mulberry. The cluster and STRUCTURE analysis corroborated with the known genetic relationships and origin. The groupings by STRUCTURE (k= 4) confirm parallel breeding efforts undertaken in the eastern, southern and northern regions of the country. The cultivar ‘Mysore Local’ shares a common parent with ‘Berhampore Local’, and this supports the historical records of its introduction from eastern India to the Kingdom of Mysore by the erstwhile ruler Tippu Sultan. The popular variety ‘Kanva-2’ shared a common male parent with the Japanese variety ‘Kousen’, supporting the contribution of exotic progenitors in Indian cultivars. The findings of this study will be useful in formulating new strategies for mulberry improvement and reveals the historical events of the introduction and spread of cultivated mulberry in the Indian subcontinent.

scholarly journals Genetic evidence for occurrence of Macrovipera razii (Squamata, Viperidae) in the central Zagros region, Iran

Herpetozoa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Oraie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
North West ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Zagros Region

This study presents the first molecular evidence of Macrovipera razii from central Zagros, more than 300 km north-west of its prior records in southern Iran. Molecular analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences identified the individuals from central Zagros as a lineage of M. razii. Specimens from the new localities are separated by a genetic distance of 1.46% from the known populations of M. razii. The results extend the known distribution range of M. razii as an endemic species of Iran.

scholarly journals S-genotyping Supports the Genetic Relationships between Turkish and Hungarian Apricot Germplasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Halász ◽  
Andrzej Pedryc ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Kadir Ugurtan Yilmaz ◽  
Attila Hegedűs
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Central Turkey

The S-genotypes of a set of Turkish and Hungarian apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of their S-RNase intron regions. In addition, the S-genotyping method was extended to the SFB gene to detect the non-functional SC-haplotype and hence reliably identify self-compatible apricot cultivars. We determined the complete S-genotype of 51 cultivars and the partial S-genotype of four cultivars. A total of 32 different S-genotypes were assigned to the 51 cultivars, and many of them (28) were classified into newly established cross-incompatibility groups III through XIV. Another 12 cultivars demonstrated unique incompatible genotypes and seven self-compatible cultivars were identified in the examined accessions. The fact that Turkish and Hungarian apricot cultivars carry 12 and five S-alleles, respectively, and all five alleles detected in Hungarian cultivars were also present in Turkish apricots furnished molecular evidence supporting the long-suspected historical connection between Hungarian and Turkish apricots. The connection between these two gene pools appeared to be relatively recent and associated with historical events dating back 300 years. Our results confirm that Turkish germplasm contributed considerably to the development of several desirable Hungarian apricot cultivars. Results suggest that the mutation rendering the SC-haplotype non-functional might have occurred somewhere east of central Turkey.

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