scholarly journals The possibility to apply the Frenet trihedron and formulas for the complex movement of a point on a plane with the predefined plane displacement

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7 (111)) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Tatiana Volina ◽  
Serhii Pylypaka ◽  
Victor Nesvidomin ◽  
Aleksandr Pavlov ◽  
Svitlana Dranovska
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Relative Movement ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Variable Curvature ◽  
Simple Movement ◽  
Static Plane ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
Complex Movement ◽  
Unit Vectors

Material particles interact with the working moving surfaces of machines in various technological processes. Mechanics considers a technique to describe the movement of a point and decompose the speed and acceleration into single unit vectors of the accompanying trajectory trihedron for simple movement. The shape of the spatial curve uniquely sets the movement of the accompanying Frenet trihedral as a solid body. This paper has considered the relative movement of a material particle in the static plane of the accompanying Frenet trihedron, which moves along a flat curve with variable curvature. Frenet formulas were used to build a system of differential equations of relative particle movement. In contrast to the conventional approach, the chosen independent variable was not the time but the length of the arc of the guide curve along which the trihedron moves. The system of equations has been built in the projections onto the unit vectors of the moving trihedron; it has been solved by numerical methods. The use of the accompanying curve trihedron as a moving coordinate system makes it possible to solve the problems of the complex movement of a point. The shape of the curve guide assigned by parametric equations in its length function determines the portable movement of the trihedron and makes it possible to use Frenet formulas to describe the relative movement of a point in the trihedron system. This approach enables setting the portable movement of the trihedron osculating plane along a curve with variable curvature, thereby revealing additional possibilities for solving problems on a complex movement of a point at which rotational motion around a fixed axis is a partial case. The proposed approach has been considered using an example of the relative movement of cargo in the body of a truck moving along the road with a curvilinear axis of variable curvature. The charts of the relative trajectory of cargo slip and the relative speed for the predefined speed of the truck have been constructed

scholarly journals Load Measurement of the Cervical Vertebra C7 and the Head of Passengers of a Car While Driving Across Uneven Terrain

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3849
Author(s):  
Martin Svoboda ◽  
Milan Chalupa ◽  
Karel Jelen ◽  
František Lopot ◽  
Petr Kubový ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
On The Road

The article deals with the measurement of dynamic effects that are transmitted to the driver (passenger) when driving in a car over obstacles. The measurements were performed in a real environment on a defined track at different driving speeds and different distributions of obstacles on the road. The reaction of the human organism, respectively the load of the cervical vertebrae and the heads of the driver and passenger, was measured. Experimental measurements were performed for different variants of driving conditions on a 28-year-old and healthy man. The measurement’s main objective was to determine the acceleration values of the seats in the vehicle in the vertical movement of parts of the vehicle cabin and to determine the dynamic effects that are transmitted to the driver and passenger in a car when driving over obstacles. The measurements were performed in a real environment on a defined track at various driving speeds and diverse distributions of obstacles on the road. The acceleration values on the vehicle’s axles and the structure of the driver’s and front passenger’s seats, under the buttocks, at the top of the head (Vertex Parietal Bone) and the C7 cervical vertebra (Vertebra Cervicales), were measured. The result of the experiment was to determine the maximum magnitudes of acceleration in the vertical direction on the body of the driver and the passenger of the vehicle when passing a passenger vehicle over obstacles. The analysis of the experiment’s results is the basis for determining the future direction of the research.

scholarly journals Striated Tire Yaw Marks—Modeling and Validation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4309
Author(s):  
Wojciech Wach ◽  
Jakub Zębala
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Variable Curvature ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Non Linear Equations

Tire yaw marks deposited on the road surface carry a lot of information of paramount importance for the analysis of vehicle accidents. They can be used: (a) in a macro-scale for establishing the vehicle’s positions and orientation as well as an estimation of the vehicle’s speed at the start of yawing; (b) in a micro-scale for inferring among others things the braking or acceleration status of the wheels from the topology of the striations forming the mark. A mathematical model of how the striations will appear has been developed. The model is universal, i.e., it applies to a tire moving along any trajectory with variable curvature, and it takes into account the forces and torques which are calculated by solving a system of non-linear equations of vehicle dynamics. It was validated in the program developed by the author, in which the vehicle is represented by a 36 degree of freedom multi-body system with the TMeasy tire model. The mark-creating model shows good compliance with experimental data. It gives a deep view of the nature of striated yaw marks’ formation and can be applied in any program for the simulation of vehicle dynamics with any level of simplification.

scholarly journals Death as an Aesthetic Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-104
Author(s):  
Leander Scholz ◽  
◽  
Anatoly Lipov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Art Scene ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
Contemporary Artist ◽  
Funeral Homes ◽  
Ethical Requirement

The more intensely a person thinks about the final nature of life, the more he is bound to a moment in life that is limited in time. Death is a very personal and intimate process, which in most cases is not «beautiful». The reality of death in clinics, intensive care units and operating theatres is, by its human nature, cruel. The body at the «end of the road» is captured by funeral homes. Thus, death today is identical to a long path of suffering. The article is dedicated to the author's reflection on a project by the German artist Gregor Schneider, which caused sensation and fierce reaction in Western art circles and beyond the art scene, creating him a reputation as «the most terrible contemporary artist» who has violated «existing» restrictions that cannot be exceeded if we do not want to question our civilization. The artist's vision is to allow a terminally ill person to die as part of an art project that represents a confrontation with death and that can remove the horror of death. As part of the project, the dying person defines everything in advance. Instead of a mass medical procedure of the same type, death, modeled on the artist's skill, Schneider argues, will create humane places for death and contribute to the creation of a space where people can die with dignity, creating personal protection and ensuring the ethical requirement of free will and self-determination.

The Road to Brexit

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Andrew Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Road

The chapter follows the course of events and debate during the referendum and initial negotiations and legislative attempts in Westminster to enable Brexit. The chapter gives an overview of the speech acts and associated stratagems to facilitate or to frustrate Brexit. It includes a number of vignettes presenting some key or insightful moments in the referendum campaign. A key focus of the chapter is analysis of the Leave and Remain campaigns (Vote Leave, Leave.EU and Stronger In) and what became known respectively as ‘projects hate and fear’. The chapter concludes with an inquest into the state of British democracy and how fundamental weaknesses in the body politic enabled Brexit, among which is the emergence of ’post-truth’ politics and the influence of the tabloid media.

Trans Ecology and the Transgender Road Narrative

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Environmental Humanities ◽  
Transgender Studies ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Narrative ◽  
History Of

This article identifies a particular subgenre of the road narrative, the transgender road narrative, analyzing the filmTransamericaand the novelNevadaas representative examples. The first part draws on transgender studies scholarship, showing how these texts both depict a long history of trans (im)mobility and engage with the affective geographies of gender transitioning, including the idea of the body as home. The second part draws on ecocriticism and environmental humanities scholarship, comparing howTransamericaandNevadadepict landscapes and environments in relation to trans bodies. This article thus takes this subgenre as an opportunity to explore the intersection of transgender issues and environmental issues and subsequently to develop a new line of inquiry that we might call “trans ecology.” (This article has been commissioned as a supplement toThe Oxford Handbook of Ecocriticism, edited by Greg Garrard.)

1⁄4 Car Model for Suspension Trim Corrector Performances Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Adrian Ioan Niculescu
Keyword(s):  
Contact Force ◽  
Harmonic Functions ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
The Road ◽  
Quarter Car Model ◽  
Car Model ◽  
Quarter Car

The paper presents a complex quarter car model obtained with ADAMS software, View module, useful in the first stage of suspension dimensioning and optimization.The model is equipped with compression and rebound stopper buffer and suspension trim corrector.The proposed quarter car model with two degrees of freedom (wheel and body) performs all these goals allowing changing:Geometrical elementsPosition of equilibrium, depending on vehicle load;Trim correction;Elastic and dissipative characteristics of the suspension and tire;Suspension stroke;Road profile, assessed either by simple or summation of harmonic functions or reproducing real roadsBuffers (for stroke limitation) position and characteristics;The models developed provide information on:Vertical stability assessed by vertical movements of the body and the longitudinal and transversal stability evaluated based on adherence characterized by wheel ground contact force and frequency of soil detachment wheel.Comfort assessed on the basis of body vertical acceleration and collision forces to the stroke ends.The body-road clearanceThe trim corrector efficiencyAll above performances evaluated function the road unevenness, acceleration, deceleration, turning regime.The damping characteristic is defined by damping forces at different speed for each strokes respectively one for rebound and other for compression.The contact force road-wheel is defined based tire rigidity law.The stopper buffer forces on rebound and compression are defined based each specific rigidity characteristics.The road excitation is realized with a function generator.The software allow the model evolution visualisation in real time, also generating the diagrams of displacements, forces, accelerations, speeds, for each elements or for relative evolution between diverse elements.The simulation was realized for unloaded and fully loaded car using a road generated by a sum of harmonic functions presented in equation (8).The excitation covers the specific frequencies area, being under the body frequencies up to the wheel proper frequencies.The realized ¼ car model, have reached the goal to evaluate the suspension trim correction advantages.The simulations confirm the trim corrector increases the suspension performances, thus for the analyzed case the trim corrector increase simultaneous:Body-ground clearance (evaluated by body higher increasing) between 18.5÷55.1 %Body stability (evaluated by maximal body displacement) between 9.8÷11.4 %Body comfort (evaluated by maximal body acceleration) between 3.4÷35.5 %Adherence (evaluated by maximal and RMS wheel-groundcontact force variation) between 7.0÷12.1 %Body and axles protection (evaluated by buffer strike force) between 10.8÷38.2 %

A Classical Athenian Grave (No 48, 470–50 BC) and Its Content from the Area between the So-Called ‘Ēriai’ Gate and the Dipylon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-309
Author(s):  
Antonia Kokkoliou
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Grave Goods

Abstract During a rescue excavation a section of a cemetery dated between the Geometric and Hellenistic periods came to light, approximately 300 metres away from the archaeological site of the Kerameikos, along the ancient road that linked the route of the Dēmosion Sēma with the road that passed through the so-called ‘Ēriai’ Gate, and near the Sanctuary of Artemis Aristē and Callistē. Of the 91 graves that were unearthed, two are of particular interest. This paper offers an in-depth discussion of Grave 48, dated to 470-50 BC, which belongs to a boy aged between ten and thirteen years. The grave contains lekythoi, a strigil, a lyre and an aulos, deposited as grave goods next to his left arm. The grave goods that characterize the life of the dead are buried along with the body and symbolize their unlived future: hence they express the unbounded grief which the death of unmarried young men inevitably causes. The paper attempts to analyse the grave goods as symbols of the life of the deceased, and interpret the presence of the lyre in children’s graves.

Grasshopper theology: Heading to the Promised Land instead of climate disaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-416
Author(s):  
Brooks Berndt
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Body Of Christ ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Promised Land ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Climate Crisis

Today’s climate crisis provokes dystopian and utopian narratives of the future faced by humanity. To navigate the theological terrain between the present and an uncertain future, this article explores passages pertaining to the journey of Moses and the Israelites to the Promised Land. The guiding point of orientation for this exploration comes from a verse that captures the seeming powerlessness of the Israelites in the face of the giants inhabiting the Promised Land. Numbers 13:33 reads, “To ourselves we seemed like grasshoppers, and so we seemed to them.” Of crucial importance in coming to terms with such honest self-assessment is the period of discernment and growth that comes from being in the wilderness with the presence of a God who loves and empowers grasshoppers in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds. Because the future of the Body of Christ is inseparable from how the climate crisis is confronted, the journey through the wilderness becomes not merely a story for self-coping but rather a story about churches finding a way forward, even as some dystopian narratives place churches on the road to irrelevance and ultimately extinction. This article explores how the story of exodus provides a sacred ground for imagining a different, even if difficult, future.

Reforming child welfare: Diverting by-ways on the road to utopia?

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Carney
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Australian State ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
On The Road

This article, written from a less than detached standpoint by the chairperson of the body concerned, takes the recently completed review of child welfare practice and legislation in the Australian State of Victoria, as a case study of the contours, and of the factors which shape, law reform in areas of social policy. Substantive issues dealt with in the body of the Report1 will not be addressed here. Rather, the article considers some of the reasons which might explain why the task was not entrusted to one of the existing structures for the review of law and social policy in this State, and it canvasses some of the features which may make review by such a free-standing committee the preferred approach when reviewing social policy. The main theme to be explored is that of the role of reviews in accelerating (or inhibiting) the process of change in a legal, welfare practice and public policy context. To this end the article addresses such matters as: the significance of the composition of the review body; its techniques of consultation with the public and with government; its dealings with government and major centres of power; and related matters which bear on its capacity to discharge its basic mandate. The contextual pressures which favour system inertia, or which may transform reform measures into something other than what was intended by the proponents of change, will also be alluded to. It will be argued that the model of expert independent committee suffers from a vulnerability to the effects of external factors and relationships. These may leach away much of its capacity to undertake a thorough, detached evaluation of its specified field, and preclude it from building up significant momentum for change. Nevertheless, it is contended that these weak points are capable of being shored up. As a consequence it is concluded that this model is superior to its competitors when a significant area of social policy is thought to be ripe for evaluation and change.

On a Quartz-porphyry from the Lake District

1924 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 513-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Melmore
Keyword(s):  
Igneous Rock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lake District ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Quartz Porphyry ◽  
West Side ◽  
South Side ◽  
The Road

A Small quarry was opened about three years ago at Thwaite Head, which lies between the southern ends of Coniston Lake and Windermere. It is on the west side of the road between that hamlet and Hawkshead, and exposes a nearly vertical sill, 40 feet wide, running E.N.E.-W.S.W. in the Bannisdale slates. On the south side a series of joint-planes running parallel to the bedding of the slates and curving inwards at the top have split the igneous rock into flags, while in the body of the rock the jointing is much coarser, so that it is quarried in large blocks. Both the igneous rock and the slates are much decomposed and friable along the southern junction, and it is here a little galena is said to have been found when the quarry was first opened. This is not improbable, as the old Thwaite Head lead mine is situated not far off on the banks of Dale Park Beck.

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