scholarly journals Effect of pack carburizing with chicken egg shell powder agent and vibrator quenching on the mechanical properties of AISI 9310 steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12 (114)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinarep Sinarep ◽  
Sujita Darmo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
Hardness Number ◽  
Cooling Medium ◽  
Chicken Egg ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Shell Powder

The effects of vibrator quenching (QV) on the carbon content, microstructure, and mechanical properties (surface hardness number, wear resistance) in the pack carburizing of AISI 9310 steel were studied. The aim of this research is to increase the surface hardness and improve the wear resistance of AISI 9310 steel. The problem that often occurs in the quenching treatment after pack carburizing is that the thick cooling medium does not evenly wet the surface of the specimen, so that the cooling rate is not uniform, the impact is the distribution of the specimen surface hardness is not the same. Therefore, it is necessary to research the implementation of the vibrator in the quenching treatment.  The specimens were treated with pack carburizing at a temperature of 875 °C, soaking time for 3 hours. The carburizing agent consisted of chicken egg shell powder (CESP) and rice husk charcoal (RHC) with various weight ratios of 5 %:95 %, 15 %:85 %, and 30 %:70 %. Followed by quenching treatment using a 10 % cane molasses cooling medium and vibrator. Hardness testing was carried out using a Vickers microhardness tester, wear resistance test using the pin-on-disc method, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) was used to observe changes in the microstructure and carbon elemental content on the specimen surface. The results showed that the application of VQ caused the formation of a small martensite microstructure while without VQ it was large martensite and a few of residual ferrite. The highest surface hardness number is 685 kg/mm2, the wear resistance is 0.32 cm/mg for pack carburizing, using carburizing agent 70 % RHC, 30 % CESP and VQ. VQ causes a more even distribution of the thick cane molasses cooling medium so that the cooling rate of the specimens is uniform.

scholarly journals A study of the pack carburizing quenching treatment with cane molasses cooling medium effect on the wear resistance of low carbon steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12 (110)) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Sujita Darmo ◽  
Sinarep Sinarep ◽  
Rudy Soenoko
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Hardness Number ◽  
Cooling Medium ◽  
Cooling Media

In the present study, various quenching media were added as cooling media for the quenching after pack carburizing treatment. The aim of this research is to get a suitable cooling medium for pack carburizing quenching treatment to increase the wear resistance of low carbon steel. Many cylindrical specimens for the adhesion wear tests were prepared from the used SS400 steel according to ASTM G99-04 specifications. Two heat treatment processes, namely pack carburizing and quenching were done. Firstly, the specimens are pack-carburized at a temperature of 875 °C, soaking time of 2 hours and quenched. The carburizing agent consists of Pinctada maxima shell powder (PMSP) and corn cob charcoal with a weight ratio of 30:70 %. Different cooling media (water, 10 % NaCl solution, 10 % cane molasses) in the pack carburizing quenching treatment are subjected to different kinds of tests. The hardness test was performed using Vickers micro hardness tester, the wear resistance was used in adhesive wear test, the carbon content was determined and microstructure examination was made using a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). The result showed that all cooling media contributed to an increase in mechanical properties (surface hardness number, wear resistance), carbon content and microstructure change. The use of cooling media in the pack carburizing quenching process generally increases the surface hardness number of the specimen. The highest surface hardness number was 595 kg/mm2, respectively using 10 % cane molasses. The work shows that cane molasses can be used as a cooling medium for pack carburizing quenching of SS400 steel and contributed to the improvement of wear resistance

scholarly journals Fiche technique de l’impact de l’amendement du substrat en poudre de coquille d’œuf de poule sur la reproduction de Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (33) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Aman Jean Baptiste ◽  
Memel Jean Didier ◽  
Kouassi Kouadio Daniel ◽  
Otchoumou Atcho
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Chicken Egg ◽  
Substrate Amendment ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Shell Powder

This study consists in looking for an improvement of Archachatina margina reproductions performances by amendment of the breeding substrates. As a result, five types of substrate were prepared by soil amendment at different rates (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% et 40%) with chicken egg shell powder. On these substrates, snails were raised from spat stage until they were laid. Reproductive parameters such as: age of first laying, the number of annual laying per animal, the number of eggs per laying on the different substrates were recorded. Overall, snail laying performances improved with increasing rate of substrate amendment. However, beyond a rate of 20%, the weight of eggs laid began to decline. The chicken egg shell powder is suitable for the amendment of the breeding substrate of snails Archachatina marginata in view of an improvement in their reproductive performance. The rate of amendment recommended to this effect is 20%.

scholarly journals Simulation of Neutron/Self-Emitted Gamma Attenuation and Effects of Silane Surface Treatment on Mechanical and Wear Resistance Properties of Sm2O3/UHMWPE Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3390
Author(s):  
Donruedee Toyen ◽  
Yupadee Paopun ◽  
Dararat Changjan ◽  
Ekachai Wimolmala ◽  
Sithipong Mahathanabodee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Thermal Neutrons ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Neutron Shielding ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Uhmwpe Composites

This work reports on the simulated neutron and self-emitted gamma attenuation of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites containing varying Sm2O3 contents in the range 0–50 wt.%, using a simulation code, namely MCNP-PHITS. The neutron energy investigated was 0.025 eV (thermal neutrons), and the gamma energies were 0.334, 0.712, and 0.737 MeV. The results indicated that the abilities to attenuate thermal neutrons and gamma rays were noticeably enhanced with the addition of Sm2O3, as seen by the increases in µm and µ, and the decrease in HVL. By comparing the simulated neutron-shielding results from this work with those from a commercial 5%-borated PE, the recommended Sm2O3 content that attenuated thermal neutrons with equal efficiency to the commercial product was 11–13 wt.%. Furthermore, to practically improve surface compatibility between Sm2O3 and the UHMWPE matrix and, subsequently, the overall wear/mechanical properties of the composites, a silane coupling agent (KBE903) was used to treat the surfaces of Sm2O3 particles prior to the preparation of the Sm2O3/UHMWPE composites. The experimental results showed that the treatment of Sm2O3 particles with 5–10 pph KBE903 led to greater enhancements in the wear resistance and mechanical properties of the 25 wt.% Sm2O3/UHMWPE composites, evidenced by lower specific wear rates and lower coefficients of friction, as well as higher tensile strength, elongation at break, and surface hardness, compared to those without surface treatment and those treated with 20 pph KBE903. In conclusion, the overall results suggested that the addition of Sm2O3 in the UHMWPE composites enhanced abilities to attenuate not only thermal neutrons but also gamma rays emitted after the neutron absorption by Sm, while the silane surface treatment of Sm2O3, using KBE903, considerably improved the processability, wear resistance, and strength of the composites.

Characterization of AISI 1020 steel carburized with variation of mass ratio between charcoal from Nypa fruticans shell and CaCO3 from chicken egg shell, in association with its mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hizkia Alpha Dewanto ◽  
Rifqi Aulia Tanjung ◽  
Ade Wahyu Yusariarta Putra Parmita ◽  
Hizkia Erenst ◽  
Ryan Aditya Prayudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Chicken Egg ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Egg Shell

Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Untreated Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Egg Shell Powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Fatin Shafirah Abdul Ghaffar ◽  
S. S. Mohd Zuki ◽  
S. Shahidan ◽  
Fadzli Mohamed Nazri ◽  
Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Oil Fuel ◽  
Shell Powder

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Serbuk Cangkang Telur Ayam dan Pupuk Kascing di Tanah Ultisol terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Terung Ungu (Solanum Melongena L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Afrinaldi Lubis ◽  
Syahbudin Hasibuan ◽  
Asmah Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Real Effect ◽  
Chicken Egg ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Shell Powder

This study aims to determine the growth and yield of eggplant with chicken egg shell powder utilization and Kascing fertilizer, This research was conducted from March until the month of June 2019. The method used in this study is a randomized block design in factorial, with 2 (two) treatment factors, namely: 1) Factors dose of powdered chicken egg shells (C), which consists of five levels, namely: C0 = control ( without treatment); C1 = chicken egg shell powder 5 g / polybag; C2 = chicken egg shell powder 10 g / polybag; C3 = chicken egg shell powder 15 g / polybag; C4 = chicken egg shell powder 20 g / polybag; 2) Factors Kascing fertilizers (K), which consists of 4 levels, namely: K0 = control (no treatment); K1 = Kascing fertilizer with a dose of 10 ton / ha (25 g / polybag); K2 = Kascing fertilizer with a dose of 20 ton / ha (50 g / polybag); K3 = Kascing fertilizer with a dose of 30 ton / ha (75 g / polybag), each treatment was repeated two (2) times so that there are 40 experimental plots. Each experimental plot consisted of 5 plants with 3 plant samples. The parameters were observed in this study consisted of plant height, leaf area, number of flowers per sample, the number of fruit per sample, production per sample, production per plot and volume of roots. From the research that has been done can be concluded as follows: 1) Giving powder chicken egg shells effect no significant effect on plant height, leaf area, number of flowers / sample, the number of fruit / samples, production / sample production / plot and the volume of the roots of plants eggplant; 2) Fertilizer Kascing significant effect on plant height, leaf area and production / samples as well as very significant effect on the number of fruit / samples and production / plot, but no real effect on the number of flowers / plant samples eggplant; and 3) a combination of administration of a chicken egg shell powder and fertilizer Kascing no real effect on the growth and yield of eggplant.

A new assessment on mechanical properties of jute fiber mat with egg shell powder/nanoclay-reinforced polyester matrix composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ganesan ◽  
C. Kailasanathan ◽  
M. R. Sanjay ◽  
P. Senthamaraikannan ◽  
S. S. Saravanakumar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Shell Powder
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document