scholarly journals Modeling and projection life expectancy. The case of the EU countries

Econometrics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Trzpiot ◽  
Justyna Majewska
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

Wykształcenie jako czynnik determinujący długość życia

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
Marek Kunasz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
The Eu

The paper contains analyses of life expectancy mainly in the context of its relation to the level of individual’s education. The data was referred to the specific Eurostat researches which take the above mentioned criterion of population’s division into consideration. 14 EU countries (including Poland) and 2 countries, which are not in the EU territory, were included in the research. The project was carried out from 2007 to 2010. The life expectancy of 30‑year‑old individuals was examined, assuming that the first effects of investment in the human capital connected with education are revealed at this age (deliberations were set in the economic theory of the human capital). Keywords: human capital, investments in human capital, health in theory of human capital, education, life expectancy.

scholarly journals Influence of Pollutants from Transport on Life Expectancy in the EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Hana Rozehnalová ◽  
◽  
Michal Mádr ◽  
Lucie Formanová ◽  
Břetislav Andrlík
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Sulphur Oxides ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Eu

Road transport has become the major source of environmental pollution and it is also one of the biggest environmental risks in the EU countries. Good air quality is very important for population as pollutants have negative impacts on human health. The paper deals with relationship between air pollutants generated by road transport and the life expectancy in EU countries. At the beginning of the paper the main pollutants from motor vehicles are described and impact on human health is summarized too. We use regression analysis of panel data to analyse the relationship between chosen air pollutants and life expectancy. Our results show negative impacts of nitrogen oxide and sulphur oxide, specifically reduction in life expectancy by 1.49 years for nitrogen oxides and 0.28 years for sulphur oxides with an increase of the pollutant by 1%. So according to our findings economic policy makers should focus primarily on the reduction of nitrogen and sulphur oxides.

Forming an effective financial and investment environment in the eu countries-experience for Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Ryzhyuk Yevgeny
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
Clearing System ◽  
Financial Infrastructure ◽  
Supranational Level ◽  
The Eu

The subject of the research is a set of institutional institutions and organizational and managerial relations that effectively regulate the financial and investment environment in the EU countries, comparing them with Ukrainian realities.The goal of writing this article is to develop practical and scientific-methodicalrecommendations on how to increase the efficiency of using financial and investment potential based on the experience of EU countries. The methodology of thework-system-structural and comparative studies (to understand the logic of thefunctioning of institutions that form the investment environment and the mechanisms of their interaction); monographic analysis (in studying the problems ofattracting investors); historical and economic analysis (in assessing the state andprospects of the European, as well as the Ukrainian economy). Results of work -it is revealed that modern European regulators are aimed at forming a holisticinvestment and financial infrastructure and investment platform at the supranational level. It was proposed to carry out further liberalization of currency regulation in Ukraine in order to transform it into a convenient and efficient electronicautomated currency exchange system and introduce the integration of the domestic depository system into the international depositary clearing system Clearstream.It was noted that the financial and investment environment in Ukraine is blockedand domestic monopolies are interested in this, thanks to lobbying in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and in the executive branch they have distorted financial,investment and currency legislation for their interests and needs. Conclusions-thepresence of a holistic investment and financial infrastructure in the EU countriesis due to the gradual convergence and unification of legislation at the nationallevel to the supranational level. In addition, it is reasonably high investment positions of Ireland in the world and it was proposed to use this experience to createa favorable financial and investment environment in Ukraine. Note that the formation of the financial and investment environment in Ukraine according to European standards is hampered by: oligarchic monopolies, which parasitizes mainly onnatural monopolies; government corruption; confusing and incomprehensible legislation for investors; high tax rates and tax administration system; instability ofthe banking system, the risks of hryvnia devaluation; the insecurity of landagrarian relations; as well as armed conflict in the east of Ukraine.

The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Walentyna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Sector Theory ◽  
The Eu

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services. 

Constitutional and Legal Restrictions in the European Union Countries in the Context of the COVID 19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the norms of international law and the legislation of the EU countries. The list of main provisions of constitutional and legal restrictions in the European Union countries is presented. The application of the norms is described Human rights conventions. The principle of implementing legal acts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. A comparative analysis of legal restrictive measures in the States of the European Union is carried out.

scholarly journals Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska ◽  
Bogdan Klepacki ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Implementation of Cohesion Policy on the Sustainable Development of EU Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Pîrvu ◽  
Cristian Drăgan ◽  
Gheorghe Axinte ◽  
Sorin Dinulescu ◽  
Mihaela Lupăncescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Data ◽  
The Eu

The impact of implementation of cohesion policy on the sustainable development of EU countries is of great interest and presents a number of actual challenges. This research aims to evaluate the impact and the effects of the cohesion policy among the Member States using hierarchical clustering analysis in order to identify how the selected variables affect the sustainable development adopted models. The variables used in the analysis were selected on the basis of official data provided by the European Commission, SDG Index and Dashboards Reports and the EU Cohesion Monitor. The results of the research have led to the grouping of the 28 Member States in a number of six clusters, identifying performers but also those countries that have a high potential for sustainable development or which require increased attention to be sustained in recovering existing gaps. The results of the study can be a starting point for policy makers and other stakeholders involved in their efforts to support sustainable development through effective and effective policies.

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