scholarly journals Parkinson's disease: Certain features of pathology, genetics, and pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-432
Author(s):  
Do Manh Hung ◽  
Nguyen Hai Ha ◽  
Nguyen Dang Ton
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Protein Clearance ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Sixth Decade ◽  
Improved Methods

      Parkinson disease (PD) is the second-most common and complex neurodegenerative disorders in humans, characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and non-motor symptoms such as insomnia, constipation, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Up to now, the diagnosis of PD has been mainly based on clinical symptoms with motor features being the mainstay and this limits the possibility of early detection. PD is usually diagnosis after the sixth decade of life, however about 5–10% of patients who develop the disease before the age of 50 are early-onset PD. The rapid development of genetic studies and their application may induce the early diagnosis of PD in the near future, especially for the early-onset PD. A few mechanisms have been implicated in PD pathogenesis, with α-synuclein aggregation central to the development of the disease. Multiple other processes are thought to be involved, with several studies suggesting that abnormal protein clearance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation play a role in the onset and progression of PD. There are many PD patients in Vietnam, however, the studies are mainly based on clinical symtom descriptions. Given the aging of the population, the prevalence of PD is to increase dramatically, which would lead to increased urgency for the need to identify improved methods in diagnosis and treatment this disease.

EFFICIENCY OF DOPAMINE AGONISTS ONCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Nodira Akhmatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects about 1-2% of the population over 65 years old and up to3-5% of people aged 85 years and older. PD is a neurode generative disease characterized by a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms. According to published data, non-motor symptoms (NMS) are detected in 70-100% of patients with PD. The main clinical symptoms of PD are well known, but it is necessary to continue to study changes in symptoms as they progress.

scholarly journals Clinical and pathophysiological aspects of non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-232
Author(s):  
M. A. Nikitina ◽  
N. G. Zhukova ◽  
E. Yu. Bragina ◽  
V. M. Alifirova ◽  
I. A. Zhukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Non-motor symptoms are an essential manifestation of the clinical picture of Parkinson's disease (PD). This literature review is devoted to the study of recent advances in the field of clinical and pathophysiological aspects of the non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease.Aim. The aim was to study and generalize the wide range of non-motor manifestations of PD and their features in this pathology, and to reveal the pathophysiological link between motor and non-motor manifestations of the disease and the role of the neurodegenerative process in the clinical picture of PD.Materials and methods. Keywords (Parkinson's disease, non-motor symptoms, apathy, anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, pain) search in the Web of Science, Core Collection, Scopus, Pubmed databases.Results. Knowledge about the presence of PD non-motor symptoms, characteristics of their manifestations improve their diagnosis and help to choose the correct treatment strategy. This survey comprises nonmotor manifestations of PD, such as: mood disorders (apathy, anxiety, depression), impulse control disorders (dopamine disregulation syndrome), sleep disorders (insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, bouts of sleepiness, conduct disorder in REM phase of sleep), autonomic disorders (constipation, enuresis, thermoregulatory dysfunction, cardiovascular disorders, orthostatic hypotension), and cognitive impairment. 

Essential tremor not just a tremor (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (223) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Guzel Shiderova ◽  
◽  
Altynay Karimova ◽  
Gulnaz Kaishibayeva ◽  
Gulmira Amrayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders. The nature of this disease is not fully understood. It was believed that this pathology manifests itself only by tremor, and symptoms such as depression, anxiety and apathy in patients with essential tremor can only be regarded as a reaction to the presence of tremor. Cognitive impairment is a concomitant pathology that can occur in the elderly, which accounts for a more frequent onset of the disease. But is it really so Purpose of the study. To study the literature data to identify the presence in patients with essential tremor of such signs that can be attributed to the group of "non-motor" symptoms. Material and methods. In order to study the literature data, a search was carried out in the Web of Science, PubMed databases. During the search, all articles published since 2000 were examined and the following terms were used in combination with "essential tremor": "non-motor symptoms", "anxiety", "depression", "apathy", "cognitive impairment", "sleep disorders", "hearing impairment", "hyposmia". The main search terms were studies based on the study of patients with essential tremor: meta-analyzes, original studies, retrospective and cohort studies. Results and discussion. It can be unambiguously argued that symptoms such as anxiety, depression, apathy and cognitive, hearing and smell dysfunctions are characterised to the patients with essential tremor. The first three manifestations were attributed to the response to the presence of tremor. And cognitive functions, hearing and smell dysfunctions was considered a concomitant pathology, which occurs quite often in old age, which accounts for a more frequent onset of the disease. But in reality, everything is not so simple. The literature data, which began to appear over the past 20 years, make it clear that the previously mentioned clinical manifestations may well be regarded as "non-motor" symptoms of essential tremor. Conclusion. Nowadays neurologists are increasingly faced with the problem of differential diagnosis of essential tremor. Despite the fact that everything was very simple and clear on the diagnosis of this disease, in recent years more and more data have appeared in favor of the fact that essential tremor is a heterogeneous disease that manifests not only by tremor. But this is also a disease, which, due to its heterogeneity of pathophysiology, can give great variability in the clinical picture. Keywords: essential tremor, nonmotor symptoms, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairnment, dementia.

scholarly journals Genetic Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease: Recent Advancements

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longping Yao ◽  
Jiayu Wu ◽  
Sumeyye Koc ◽  
Guohui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative aging disorders characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The decreased viability of DA neurons slowly results in the appearance of motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability. These symptoms largely depend on DA nigrostriatal denervation. Pharmacological and surgical interventions are the main treatment for improving clinical symptoms, but it has not been possible to cure PD. Furthermore, the cause of neurodegeneration remains unclear. One of the possible neurodegeneration mechanisms is a chronic inflammation of the central nervous system, which is mediated by microglial cells. Impaired or dead DA neurons can directly lead to microglia activation, producing a large number of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These cytotoxic factors contribute to the apoptosis and death of DA neurons, and the pathological process of neuroinflammation aggravates the primary morbid process and exacerbates ongoing neurodegeneration. Therefore, anti-inflammatory treatment exerts a robust neuroprotective effect in a mouse model of PD. Since discovering the first mutation in the α-synuclein gene (SNCA), which can cause disease-causing, PD has involved many genes and loci such as LRRK2, Parkin, SNCA, and PINK1. In this article, we summarize the critical descriptions of the genetic factors involved in PD’s occurrence and development (such as LRRK2, SNCA, Parkin, PINK1, and inflammasome), and these factors play a crucial role in neuroinflammation. Regulation of these signaling pathways and molecular factors related to these genetic factors can vastly improve the neuroinflammation of PD.

Beyond Motor Symptoms – Impact of Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation on Non-motor and Social Aspects of Advanced Parkinson’s Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 ((Suppl.1)) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Barbara Pickut ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Advanced Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Dopaminergic Stimulation

Two patient cases are presented here that illustrate the benefits of continuous dopaminergic stimulation on the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. In both cases, levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion therapy led to improvements in anxiety, depression, concentration, urge incontinence, sexual function, sleep, vivid dreams and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, pain, sweating and feelings of self-assuredness. Such improvements have an impact on patients’ quality of life and can help their social functioning.

Potential Role of Cytokines in Children with Acute Appendicitis and Acute Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Astra Zviedre ◽  
Arnis Engelis ◽  
Mohit Kakar ◽  
Aigars Pētersons
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Near Future

Potential Role of Cytokines in Children with Acute Appendicitis and Acute Mesenteric Lymphadenitis Although, AAP and AML have different etiological factors, clinical symptoms are very much similar but treatment tactics in both the disease differ a lot. In case of AML, treatment is more conservative and does not require hospitalization while in case of AAP immediate hospitalization and maybe further surgery can be mandatory. With the identification of group of cytokines serum inflammatory mediators IL-8, IL-10, IL-12[p70], IL-17, TNF-a and MCP-1, it is believed early and proper diagnosis of AAP in the near future. Research of cytokines-serum inflammatory mediators has opened new opportunities for an early detection and differentiation of these two diseases in children.

scholarly journals The Parkinson’s Real-World Impact Assessment (PRISM) Study: A European Survey of the Burden of Parkinson’s Disease in Patients and their Carers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Eduardo Tolosa ◽  
Georg Ebersbach ◽  
Joaquim J. Ferreira ◽  
Olivier Rascol ◽  
Angelo Antonini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Real World ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Background: A greater understanding of the everyday experiences of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their carers may help improve clinical practice. Objective: The Parkinson’s Real-world Impact assesSMent (PRISM) study evaluated medication use, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the use of healthcare resources by people with PD and their carers. Methods: PRISM is an observational cross-sectional study, in which people with PD and their carers completed an online survey using structured questionnaires, including the Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQuest) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Results: Data were collected from 861 people with PD (mean age, 65.0 years; mean disease duration, 7.7 years) and 256 carers from six European countries. People with PD reported a large number of different co-morbidities, non-motor symptoms (mean NMSQuest score, 12.8), and impaired HRQoL (median PDQ-39 summary score, 29.1). Forty-five percent of people with PD reported at least one impulse control behaviour. Treatment patterns varied considerably between different European countries. Levodopa was taken in the last 12 months by 85.9% of participants, and as monotherapy by 21.8% . Carers, who were mostly female (64.8%) and the partner/spouse of the person with PD (82.1%), reported mild to moderate burden (mean ZBI total score, 26.6). Conclusions: The PRISM study sheds light on the lives of people with PD and those who care for them, re-emphasising the many challenges they face in everyday life. The study also provides insights into the current treatment of PD in Europe.

scholarly journals Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy N. El-Tallawy ◽  
Tahia H. Saleem ◽  
Wafaa M. Farghaly ◽  
Heba Mohamed Saad Eldien ◽  
Ashraf Khodaery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients. Results In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8. Conclusion Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document