scholarly journals Channel coding from the point of view of system theory.

Author(s):  
Ngô Đông Hải
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masdar Masdar

Cash waqf in Indonesia has been long enough implemented based on some rules enacted by government and other rules defined by The Waqf Board of Indonesia (BWI). However, the implementation of cash waqf has not reached the level of success. Therefore, this article studies the application of cash waqf law in Indonesia according to Friedman’s legal system theory. The legal system theory of Friedman firstly looks at the substance of the law, which is the rules or regulations; and secondly it examines the structure of the law, encompassing the law enforcement agencies, such as judge, prosecutor, police and legal counselors. And lastly the theory examines the element of legal culture, which is a response from Muslim society. The first two examinations indicate that there is nothing to be a problem. But from the last examination there is a problem regarding the trust from Muslim society. From the legal culture point of view, the implementation of cash waqf by the government, which is performed by BWI, needs attracting society’s credentials in order to improve and maximize the performance of cash waqf in Indonesia.


2019 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
А. Л. Свящук

In the time when the basic formulas and approaches of the aircraft industry are based on the principles of classical science, the nature of the observed phenomena seems non-linear. Such phenomena as turbulence, flutter, buffering, disruption of the air flow can be explained by means of synergetics and system theory in the context of the post-non-classical paradigm. However, a certain contradiction can be observed: non-linear phenomena are explained by linear traditional science. That is why many formulas of aerodynamics and strength have a large empirical part. Therefore, it becomes necessary to revise the philosophical foundations of most approaches and the overall picture of the world as a whole. The use of the concepts of synergetics and system theory allows us to describe more accurately certain phenomena in aviation, which ultimately will lead to the creation of more efficient and safer aircraft. For example, we can design our aircraft not only as a complex system, but also as part of other complex systems, evaluating its effectiveness from the point of view of more ambitious and higher levels, predicting its operation and modernization in the changing conditions of the socio-political system. Moreover, the very nature of engineering creativity based on synergistic approaches will become more efficient and effective by increasing the intensity of aviation thought. Therefore, understanding the role of chance, the effect of emergence will allow us to be prepared for many surprises and black swans and also be wary about our knowledge, assessing their probabilistic nature.


2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 1963-1966
Author(s):  
Yan Hong Li ◽  
Jian Ming Feng ◽  
Xiao Nian Sun

Based on the concept of “integrated transportation”, this paper utilizes the collaborative theory, complex system theory and transport economics theory to analyze the matching relationship between the transportation hub and corridor from a macro perspective. Meanwhile, it also explores the coordination of their transport capability, transport organization, etc., from the microscopic point of view, ultimately achieving the theoretical integration and harmonization of the connection and layout of the integrated transport hub and corridor.


1984 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Th. Wubbels ◽  
H.A. Créton ◽  
H.P. Hooymayers

In this paper we describe findings concerning a limited part of teacher behaviour namely relational skills. These skills are of vital importance if a teacher is to create a good classroom atmosphere. On the basis of theories of Leary (1957) and Watzlawick et al. (1968) we have constructed a model that describes relational aspects of teacher behaviour. This model focusses on teacher behaviour as revealed in teacher pupil interactions. These interactions are analysed by means of the system theory of communication. We have investigated teacher behaviour as observed by teachers and pupils, with the help of an instrument called 'The Questionnaire for Interactional Teacher Behaviour'. It is found that from the pupils' point of view good teachers are distinguished from bad teachers by the amount of kindness and understanding they show, their helpfulness and the way they manage a class. We also investigated the behaviour that teachers themselves wish to display. They agree about the need to be kind, helpful and understanding but differ in the amount of strict behaviour they want to display and in the amount of freedom and independence they want to give to pupils. We also investigated with this questionnaire the teacher behaviour of teachers who teach different subjects. It is found that pupils consider modern language teachers in particular to behave differently from other teachers; they are stricter, less kind and give less independence to pupils. This different behaviour of modern language teachers may be due to the structure of the subject matter, or to the way in which languages are taught at universities to future teachers. We think teacher trainers should be concerned with our findings because when teachers, and particularly language teachers, become older they seem to have increasing difficulty in creating and maintaining an adequate relationship with their pupils.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Taletavičienė ◽  
Alfonsas Vainoras ◽  
Kristina Berškienė ◽  
Kęstutis Ramanauskas

Research background and hypothesis. The research focuses on changes of different ECG parameters and their concatenations during the whole body cryotherapy procedure.Research aim was to evaluate the changes in the relationships and complexity of the human organism systems by analyzing different  ECG  parameters and their dynamical concatenations during the whole body cryotherapy procedure.Research methods. The sample included 24 volunteers without cardiovascular diseases who received whole body cryotherapy treatment course which consisted of 7 procedures per person on average. The 12-lead standard ECG was registered using computerized ECG analysis system “Kaunas-Load”. ECG was registered continuously 1 min before, during the procedure and 3 min after the procedure. Research results. Regulatory system is activated on all fractal levels during cryotherapy procedure. This is reflected by changes of measured durational parameters: RR, JT, dQRS. Significant changes in the supplying system (ST segment position) were not observed. Significant changes of metabolic processes (T-wave amplitude) at organ and cell levels can be observed during the recovery after the procedure. Changes in ECG parameter concatenations show that first the  regulatory system reacts on the organism level (RR/JT), neurohumoral system is activated during the procedure and interactions between systems (RR/dQRS) and interactions in the organ and cell levels (JT/dQRS) increase during the recovery period after the procedure. Discussion and conclusions. Whole body cryotherapy causes changes in ECG parameters and their concatenations which represent adaptive organism reactions and activation of all organism adaptive resources. The data show the safety of the procedure from the coronary, as well as hemodynamic point of view of other organs.Keywords: cryotherapy, complex system theory, concatenation between ECG parameters.


2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
Guido Bernasconi

It is now recognised that the forest is far more than just the sum of its constituent trees, and it should also be realised that it has a particular ability to surprise us with unsuspected characteristics. This new philosophy is grounded in knowledge that focuses on the aggregate rather than on different parts that would have been dissected somewhat arbitrarily. Foresters who espouse this point of view accept that the forest can express itself with minimum constraints and they no longer attempt to subject it to preconceived ideas. Having a certain conception of the creative capabilities of a forest, silviculturists need take only one more step in order to assume new responsibilities: with meticulous care and attention, they will help the forest become more complex by drawing their inspiration from the principles of complementary treatments, biodiversity and consistency.


1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Gasparetto

Chatter is an undesired phenomenon of self-excited vibrations that occurs during many machining operations. This paper analyzes mode coupling chatter from the point-of-view of the system theory. A simplified mathematical model of the cutting process is established, from which the equations of the system are obtained. Then, the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the system are evaluated, and a simple stability condition is formulated. The tool trajectories both in the stable and unstable case are studied. Finally, an example of mode coupling chatter in a machine for wood cutting and its stabilization is presented.


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