WALL EFFECT OF A PACKED BED WITH PELLET PARTICLES

Fluid flow profile is a dominate role in the performance of packed bed reactor. In small ratio of column-to-particle diameter, velocity pattern is strongly affected by voidage distribution, which depends on radial coordinate, flow rate and bed height. In this study, effects of voidage distribution to gas velocity profile in a packed bed with pellet particles was empirically investigated. Uniformity of local velocity at the top of the bed was clearly observed with decreasing of bed height and flow rate. For 400 mm of bed height, the measured velocities are a well fitting to Fahien and Stankovich model for any expected flow rate.

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Computational fluid dynamics analysis of flow through immobilized catalyzed packed bed reactor for removal of 4-chlorophenol from wastewater

Environmental Engineering Research ◽

10.4491/eer.2019.184 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 878-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sudhansu Sandhibigraha ◽

Soumya Sasmal ◽

Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay ◽

Biswanath Bhunia

Keyword(s):

Fluid Dynamics ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Cfd Simulation ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Packed Bed Reactor ◽

Inlet Concentration ◽

Bed Height ◽

Fluent Software ◽

Flow Through

The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the packed bed reactor (PBR) was carried out using ANSYS Fluent software. The various process parameters, such as inlet concentration of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), flow rate, bed height, and porosity, were optimized to predict maximum biodegradation of 4-CP in immobilized catalyzed PBR. The geometrical mesh of the PBR was constructed using Gambit software, and a mesh size of 236995 was selected from the grid-independent study. A laminar flow model was used to understand the hydrodynamics as well as concentration profile of 4-CP inside the PBR using Fluent software. Through CFD, the effect of the flow rate, inlet concentration, and the bed height and porosity of the immobilized catalyst bed on the static pressure, mass imbalance, velocity, and stress-strain field inside the PBR was visualized. CFD simulation study predicted that maximum biodegradation of 4-CP was found in the presence of 500 mg/L of inlet concentration of 4-CP, 4 mL/min of flow rate, 18 cm of bed height and 0.375 of porosity. An experimental study was conducted for wastewater flow through the <i>B. subtilis MF447840.1</i> immobilized catalyzed PBR to remove the 4-CP in the laminar flow region. It was evident that CFD simulated results agreed well with experimental values.

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Column Study for Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye using Azadirachta indica Adsorbent

Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution ◽

10.3233/ajw200050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

Vibha Goswami ◽

Renu Upadhyaya ◽

Sumanta Kumar Meher

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Feed Flow Rate ◽

Methylene Blue Dye ◽

Packed Bed Column ◽

Bed Height ◽

Percentage Removal

In this study, synthesised Azadirachta indica adsorbent was used for the removal of methylene blue dye using a packed bed column. The effect of feed flow rate, feed methylene blue dye concentration, and bed height of column on percentage removal of dye was studied. It was observed that the column bed exhausted rapidly at a higher flow rate and therefore, a breakthrough occurred faster. However, it was observed that bed exhaustion time increases on increasing the bed height from 2 to 10 inch at 10 mg/L feed dye concentration and feed flow rate of 40 ml/min. It was also found that the breakthrough curve is more dispersed and the percentage removal of dye increases on decreasing the feed methylene dye concentration from 150 to 10 mg/L. The percentage removal was found to be 96.89% at 20 ml/min of feed flow rate under 10 inch of bed height and 10 mg/L of feed dye concentration. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscope were used for estimating the effluent dye concentration from the column and morphological study, respectively.

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Continuous Production of Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel in a Packed-Bed Reactor: Optimization and Enzyme Reuse Study

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2011/950725 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Hsiao-Ching Chen ◽

Hen-Yi Ju ◽

Tsung-Ta Wu ◽

Yung-Chuan Liu ◽

Chih-Chen Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Immobilized Lipase ◽

Continuous Production ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Packed Bed Reactor ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

System Response ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Substrate Molar Ratio ◽

Molar Conversion

An optimal continuous production of biodiesel by methanolysis of soybean oil in a packed-bed reactor was developed using immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as a catalyst in atert-butanol solvent system. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were employed to evaluate the effects of reaction temperature, flow rate, and substrate molar ratio on the molar conversion of biodiesel. The results showed that flow rate and temperature have significant effects on the percentage of molar conversion. On the basis of ridge max analysis, the optimum conditions were as follows: flow rate 0.1 mL/min, temperature52.1∘C, and substrate molar ratio 1 : 4. The predicted and experimental values of molar conversion were83.31±2.07% and82.81±.98%, respectively. Furthermore, the continuous process over 30 days showed no appreciable decrease in the molar conversion. The paper demonstrates the applicability of using immobilized lipase and a packed-bed reactor for continuous biodiesel synthesis.

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Gas-liquid flows through porous media in microgravity: Packed Bed Reactor Experiment-2

10.22541/au.163693261.16884082/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brian Motil ◽

Mahsa Taghavi ◽

Vemuri Balakotaiah ◽

Henry Nahra

Keyword(s):

Gas Flow ◽

Liquid Velocity ◽

Space Station ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Packed Bed Reactor ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Test Conditions ◽

Superficial Gas Velocity ◽

Liquid Flows

Experimental results on pressure drop and gas hold-up for gas-liquid flow through packed beds obtained from a second flight on the International Space Station are presented and analyzed. It is found that the gas hold-up is a function of the bed history at low liquid and gas flow rates whereas higher gas hold-up and pressure gradients are observed for the test conditions following a liquid only pre-flow compared to the test conditions following a gas only pre-flow period. Over the range of flow rates tested, the capillary force is the dominant contributor to the pressure gradient and is found to be linear with the superficial liquid velocity but is a much weaker function of the superficial gas velocity. The capillary contribution is also a function of the particle size and varies approximately inversely with the particle diameter within the range of the test conditions.

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Modeling and Optimization of Lipase-Catalyzed Partial Hydrolysis for Diacylglycerol Production in Packed Bed Reactor

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2015-0381 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 681-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eng-Tong Phuah ◽

Yee-Ying Lee ◽

Teck-Kim Tang ◽

Oi-Ming Lai ◽

Thomas Shean-Yaw Choong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immobilized Enzyme ◽

Rhizomucor Miehei ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Packed Bed Reactor ◽

Partial Hydrolysis ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Lack Of Fit ◽

Bed Height ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Quadratic Models

Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process variables namely packed bed height (cm) and flow rates (ml/min) on diacylglycerol (DAG) production via partial hydrolysis of palm oil using immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase in packed bed reactor (PBR). Quadratic models were successfully developed for both DAG(y) and unhydrolyzed triacylglycerol ((un)TAG) with determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9931 and 0.9986, respectively coupled with insignificant lack of fit (p > 0.05). Optimal conditions for DAG synthesis were evaluated to be 10 cm packed bed height and 3.8 ml/min flow rate. Immobilized enzyme can be reused up to 10 times without significant changes in enzymatic activity. The partial hydrolysis under studied was found to be mass transfer-controlled.

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Optimization Studies on Biosorption of Ni(ii) and Cd(ii) from Wastewater in a Packed Bed Bioreactor

Handbook of Research on Uncovering New Methods for Ecosystem Management through Bioremediation - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8682-3.ch015 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 367-398

Author(s):

K. Narasimhulu ◽

Y. Pydi Setty

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Putida ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Packed Bed Bioreactor ◽

Column System ◽

Bed Height

This chapter refers to the study of the biosorption of Ni(II) and Cd(II) in packed bed bioreactor by Pseudomonas putida. The conventional treatment methods of Nickel and Cadmium were elaborated and compared with biosorption. The methods for optimization of process conditions for biosorption of Ni(II) and Cd(II) in packed bed bioreactor by Pseudomonas putida were explained. The optimum conditioned were determined to be flow rate of 300 mL/h, initial metal ion concentration of 100 mg/L and bed height of 20 cm with weight of biosorbent of 12 g, and it was found that the Agar immobilized Pseudomonas putida showed maximum percent biosorption and bed saturation occurred at 20 minutes. Optimization results of Ni(II) and Cd(II) by Pseudomonas putida from the Design Expert software were obtained as bed height of 19.93 cm, initial metal ion concentration of 103.85 mg/L, and flow rate of 310.57 mL/h. The percent biosorption of Ni(II) and Cd(II) is 87.2% and 88.2% respectively. The predicted optimized parameters are in agreement with the experimental results. Experiments were carried out at established optimum conditions of bed height of 20.77 cm, flow rate of 309.09 mL/h, and initial metal ion concentration of 109.23 mg/L and results of biosorption of Ni(II) and Cd(II) were reproduced and they were in agreement with the predicted results. Based the experimental results, it was observed that the Pseudomonas putida was the best choice to remove Nickel and Cadmium ions from wastewater in a continuous column system.

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Effect of Concentration and Substrate Flow Rate on Isomaltulose Production from Sucrose by Erwinia sp. Cells Immobilized in Calcium-Alginate Using Packed Bed Reactor

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s12010-009-8899-y ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 162 (1) ◽

pp. 89-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Haroldo Yukio Kawaguti ◽

Hélia Harumi Sato

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Calcium Alginate ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Packed Bed Reactor

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A Study on Fluidized Bed-Type Particulate Filter for Diesel Engines

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.2747255 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 129 (4) ◽

pp. 1072-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sung-Sub Kee ◽

Ali Mohammadi ◽

Takuji Ishiyama ◽

Takaaki Kakuta

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Diesel Engine ◽

Pressure Drop ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Filtration Efficiency ◽

Particulate Filter ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Gas Velocity ◽

Bed Height

A fluidized bed-type diesel particulate filter (DPF) was applied to filter particulate matter (PM) in diesel engine exhaust gas. The effects of the fluidized bed design parameters, such as gas velocity, bed particle size, and height, on PM and smoke filtration efficiencies, and pressure drop were experimentally investigated using a single-cylinder direct injection (DI) diesel engine. High PM filtration efficiency and low pressure drop were achieved with the DPF, especially at a lower gas velocity. The PM filtration efficiency was higher with a smaller bed particle size at the lower gas velocity; however, it drastically decreased with an increase in gas velocity due to excessive fluidization of the bed particles. Increase in bed height led to higher PM filtration efficiency while causing an increase in pressure drop. The theoretical work was also conducted for further investigation of the effects of the above-mentioned parameters on PM filtration. These results indicated that diffusion filtration was the dominant mechanism for PM filtration under the conditions of this study and that the decrease in PM filtration efficiency at high gas velocity was caused by a deterioration in the diffusion filtration. The bed particle diameter and the bed height should be optimized in order to obtain a high filtration efficiency without increasing the DPF size.

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Packed Bed Biosorption of Lead and Copper Ions Using Sugarcane Bagasse

ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.22146/ajche.49671 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norwin Dale F Duga ◽

Pauline Edrickke A Imperial ◽

Allan N Soriano ◽

Aileen D Nieva

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Copper Ions ◽

Continuous System ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Packed Bed Column ◽

Varying Parameters ◽

Bed Height

Bagasse, a waste material from sugarcane has been studied as a biosorbent for removing heavy metals, Pb2+ and Cu2+, in a continuous system using a packed bed column. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of varying the bed height and flow rate on the breakthrough and saturation time. Thomas, Adams-Bohart and Yoon-Nelson models were used to assess the effects of varying parameters and both Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were found to be satisfactory to describe the column data obtained in the experiment. Moreover, lead ions are adsorbed more efficiently with an adsorption capacity of 4.54 mg/g compared to copper ions with 3.98 mg/g at the most feasible parameters having a flow rate of 100 mL/min and a bed height of 30 cm

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