scholarly journals WATER MANAGEMENT AND METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE FIELDS IN AN GIANG PROVINCE, VIET NAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2C) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Thanh Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Better Than

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of irrigated water management to CH4 emission from the paddy fields. It was designed with (1) continuous flooding (CF) and (2) alternate for wetting and drying (AWD) which the water level was controlled + 5 cm and ± 5 cm than the soil surface, respectively at Cho Moi, Chau Thanh, Thoai Son and Tri Ton districts of An Giang province. The soil samples were collected to determine their physico-chemical properties. CH4 was collected weekly during the rice cultivation, and the rice yield was determined at the harvest. The results showed that pH 4.55 – 5.93, EC 105 – 175 µS.cm-1, organic matter 3.21 – 3.94 %, CEC 25.05 – 33.33 cmol.kg-1 of the soil were suitable for rice growth. The average rice yield was about 4.5 - 6.52 ton.ha-1. CH4 emissions of the AWD decreased 59.1 % compared to the CF which was 14.6 mg C-CH4.m-2.h-1. Therefore, the AWD is better than the CF in term of reducing CH4 emissions to the environment.

scholarly journals WATER MANAGEMENT AND METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE CULTIVATION: A CASE STUDY IN AN GIANG PROVINCE, VIET NAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2A) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Duong Mai Linh
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Wetting And Drying

Rice cultivation causes the emission of CH4 consequenced to the global warming. Reduction of irrigation in rice cultivation is not only saving water resources but also reducing greenhouse gases emission. The objectives of this study was to determine impacts of water management on the emission of CH4 and rice yield. Experiment was conducted in field conditions in An Giang province, Viet Nam with three treatments as continuous flooding (CF), An Giang Alternative Wetting and Drying (AAWD) which is mostly applied by farmers in An Giang province-Viet Nam, and Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD). Water levels in the field +5 cm, ± 5 cm and -15 cm were controlled higher, fluctuated and lower than soil surface, respectively for CF, AAWD and AWD. CH4 emission determined every week during 13 weeks of the experiment. Rice yield was determined in 1 m2 at the end of the experiment. The results showed that AWD and AAWD, respectively decreased 78.7 % (p < 0.05) and 6.8 % (p > 0.05) CH4 emission compared to the CF 11.9 mg CH4/m2/h. The rice yield of CF was 6.32 ton/ha lower than AAWD 7.8 ton/ha (p < 0.05) but not different with AWD 6.67 ton/ha. AAWD had higher rice yield but same emission than the CF. Farmers in An Giang province should consider application of AWD in rice cultivation in term of saving water and reduction of CH4 emission.

scholarly journals NANOCOMPLEJO DE FOSFOPÉPTIDO DE CASEÍNA-FOSFATO DE CALCIO AMORFO (CPP-ACP) EN ODONTOLOGÍA: ESTADO DEL ARTE

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristhian Camilo Madrid Troconis ◽  
Sthefanie Del Carmen Perez Puello
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Surface Pretreatment ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
Dental Surface ◽  
Better Than

Saliva and external agents containing different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) promote the dental remineralization process. However, these resources may not be sufficient to counteract the multiple factors involved in the process of dental caries, especially in high-risk patients. There are alternatives that have been extensively researched, such as casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) which provides essential ions, like phosphate and calcium, acting as an adjuvant in the remineralization process. Manufacturers of CPP-ACP-based products also suggest that it can produce desensitizing effects. This nanocomplex has been used experimentally with some dental cements and adhesive systems, but it is important to clarify the effects of this procedure, and the remineralizing/desensitizing advantages it offers. The objective of this topic review was to present the state of the art on CPP-ACP nanocomplex. In terms of dental caries prevention, this remineralizing option is not better than NaF. CPP-ACP provides a dental desensitizing action, but it is temporary and less effective than other alternatives such as potassium nitrate or NaF. The experimental incorporation of CPP-ACP into dental cements should be controlled for not to compromise the physico-chemical properties of the material. The use of dental products based on this nanocomplex as dental surface pretreatment may decrease the bond strength of adhesive materials, but this effect is material dependent.

scholarly journals Potential of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation Practices for the Mitigation of GHG Emissions from Rice Fields: Two Cases in Central Luzon (Philippines)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Ole Sander ◽  
Pia Schneider ◽  
Ryan Romasanta ◽  
Kristine Samoy-Pascual ◽  
Evangeline B. Sibayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Ch4 Emissions

Reducing methane (CH4) emission from paddy rice production is an important target for many Asian countries in order to comply with their climate policy commitments. National greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory approaches like the Tier-2 approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are useful to assess country-scale emissions from the agricultural sector. In paddy rice, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is a promising and well-studied water management technique which, as shown in experimental studies, can effectively reduce CH4 emissions. However, so far little is known about GHG emission rates under AWD when the technique is fully controlled by farmers. This study assesses CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes under continuous flooded (CF) and AWD treatments for seven subsequent seasons on farmers’ fields in a pumped irrigation system in Central Luzon, Philippines. Under AWD management, CH4 emissions were substantially reduced (73% in dry season (DS), 21% in wet season (WS)). In all treatments, CH4 is the major contributor to the total GHG emission and is, thus, identified as the driving force to the global warming potential (GWP). The contribution of N2O emissions to the GWP was higher in CF than in AWD, however, these only offset 15% of the decrease in CH4 emission and, therefore, did not jeopardize the strong reduction in the GWP. The study proves the feasibility of AWD under farmers’ management as well as the intended mitigation effect. Resulting from this study, it is recommended to incentivize dissemination strategies in order to improve the effectiveness of mitigation initiatives. A comparison of single CH4 emissions to calculated emissions with the IPCC Tier-2 inventory approach identified that, although averaged values showed a sufficient degree of accuracy, fluctuations for single measurement points have high variation which limit the use of the method for field-level assessments.

scholarly journals Mitigation Potential and Yield-Scaled Global Warming Potential of Early-Season Drainage from a Rice Paddy in Tamil Nadu, India

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Zaw Oo ◽  
Shigeto Sudo ◽  
Kazuyuki Inubushi ◽  
Umamageswari Chellappan ◽  
Akinori Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Ch4 Emissions

Water-intensive systems of rice cultivation are facing major challenges to increase rice grain yield under conditions of water scarcity while also reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The adoption of effective irrigation strategies in the paddy rice system is one of the most promising options for mitigating GHG emissions while maintaining high crop yields. To evaluate the effect of different alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation strategies on GHG emissions from paddy rice in dry and wet seasons, a field experiment was conducted at the Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute (TRRI), Aduthurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Four irrigation treatments were included: One-AWD (one early drying period), Two-AWD (two early drying periods), Full-AWD (wetting and drying cycles throughout the rice season), and CF (continuous flooding). Different rice varieties were also tested in the experiment. In this study, we emphasized one factor (irrigation effect) that affects the dependent variable. The results show that early AWD treatments reduced methane (CH4) emissions by 35.7 to 51.5% in dry season and 18.5 to 20.1% in wet season, while full-AWD practice reduced CH4 emissions by 52.8 to 61.4% compared with CF. Full-AWD in dry season not only significantly reduced CH4 emission during that season, it also resulted in the decline of the early season emission in the succeeding wet season. Global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scaled GWP were reduced by early or full season AWD in both rice seasons. The GWP value from nitrous oxide (N2O) was relatively low compared to that from CH4 in both rice seasons. Rice yield was not affected by irrigation treatments although varietal differences in grain and straw yields were observed in both rice seasons. This study demonstrated that early season water managements are also effective in reducing CH4 and total GHG emissions without affecting rice yield.

scholarly journals The Physico-Chemical Properties of Bovine and Buffalo Whey Proteins Milk by Using Ultrafiltration Membrane Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Raqad R. Al-Hatim ◽  
Ali K. Al-Rikabi ◽  
Amal K. Ghadban
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Previous Step

The current study aims to prepare whey from bovine and buffalo fresh milk to make three types of cheese, namely: thermal, acidic and enzymatic. Afterward, whey proteins have been separated, then the concentration process of whey proteins has been conducted by using ultrafiltration membrane technology. Through the previous step, two products have been obtained; first, concentrated whey proteins which is called (Retentate), while the other is called (Permeate). Applying rotary evaporator, whey proteins are concentrated and then drying in two methods: spray-drying and freeze-drying in a form of white and soft powder. The chemical composition has been studied at each phase. The results show the separation, purification, and concentration of bovine and buffalo whey proteins by using ultrafiltration membrane technology. The results show that buffalo whey proteins produced by the method of enzymatic and dried with spray-drying are better than bovine whey protein. Finally, the results show a low ratio of lactose, salts and moisture content at the stages of filtration and concentration. The results present a high proportion of protein to 80 .and low ratio lactose and salt.

scholarly journals A benchmark of protein solubility prediction methods on UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ashari Ghomi ◽  
Tiia Kittilä ◽  
Ditte Hededam Welner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Solubility Prediction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
And Function ◽  
Better Than

AbstractUDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are enzymes that glycosylate a wide variety of natural products, thereby modifying their physico-chemical properties, i.e. solubility, stability, reactivity, and function. To successfully leverage the UGTs in biocatalytic processes, we need to be able to screen and characterise them in vitro, which requires efficient heterologous expression in amenable hosts, preferably Escherichia coli. However, many UGTs are insoluble when expressed in standard and attempted optimised E. coli conditions, resulting in many unproductive and costly experiments. To overcome this limitation, we have investigated the performance of 11 existing solubility predictors on a dataset of 57 UGTs expressed in E. coli. We show that SoluProt outperforms other methods in terms of both threshold-independent and threshold-dependent measures. Among the benchmarked methods, only SoluProt is significantly better than random predictors using both measures. Moreover, we show that SoluProt uses a threshold for separating soluble and insoluble proteins that is optimal for our dataset. Hence, we conclude that using SoluProt to select UGT sequences for in vitro investigation will significantly increase the success rate of soluble expression, thereby minimising cost and enabling efficient characterisation efforts for biocatalysis research.

scholarly journals Factors influencing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3469-3503 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Olsson ◽  
S. Ye ◽  
X. Yu ◽  
M. Wei ◽  
K. W. Krauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Liaohe Delta

Abstract. Many factors are known to influence greenhouse gas emissions from coastal wetlands, but it is still unclear which factors are most important under field conditions when they are all acting simultaneously. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of water table, salinity, soil temperature and vegetation on CH4 emissions and ecosystem respiration (Reco) from five coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China: two Phragmites australis (common reed) wetlands, two Suaeda salsa (sea blite) marshes and a rice (Oryza sativa) paddy. Throughout the growing season, the Suaeda wetlands were net CH4 sinks whereas the Phragmites wetlands and the rice paddy were net CH4 sources emitting 1.2–6.1 g CH4 m−2 y−1. The Phragmites wetlands emitted the most CH4 per unit area and the most CH4 relative to CO2. The main controlling factors for the CH4 emissions were water table, temperature and salinity. The CH4 emission was accelerated at high and constant (or managed) water tables and decreased at water tables below the soil surface. High temperatures enhanced CH4 emissions, and emission rates were consistently low (< 1 mg CH4 m−2 h) at soil temperatures <18 °C. At salinity levels > 18 ppt, the CH4 emission rates were always low (< 1 mg CH4 m−2 h−1) probably because methanogens were outcompeted by sulphate reducing bacteria. Saline Phragmites wetlands can, however, emit significant amounts of CH4 as CH4 produced in deep soil layers are transported through the air-space tissue of the plants to the atmosphere. The CH4 emission from coastal wetlands can be reduced by creating fluctuating water tables, including water tables below the soil surface, as well as by occasional flooding by high-salinity water. The effects of water management schemes on the biological communities in the wetlands must, however, be carefully studied prior to the management in order to avoid undesirable effects on the wetland communities.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COMPOST DOSES ON SOIL RESILIENCE IN PALU VALLEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Danang Widjajanto ◽  
Uswah Hasanah ◽  
Imam Wahyudi ◽  
St Sukmawati ◽  
Sufyan Sufyan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Resilience

Applying organic matter to the soil surface is an effective effort to increase soil resilience in the Palu valley, which is classified as low. This study aimed to determine: 1) the effect of several doses of compost on the physico-chemical properties of the soil, 2) the correlation between the percentage of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil to several physico-chemical properties of the soil. The research was based on a randomized block design in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. Compost uses raw materials for plantain stems (Musa textilia) and leaves of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium). The compost doses used in the experiment consisted of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of the weight of air-dry soil, respectively. The treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that compost application significantly affected soil content weight, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity moisture content, percentage of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity. The correlation test results showed a powerful relationship between the percentage of organic carbon or total soil nitrogen to other soil physico-chemical properties observed in the experiment.

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