scholarly journals Allelic polymorphism of crtRB1 and LcyE genes related to the β-carotene content in Vietnamese traditional maize accessions,

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
Ho Thi Huong
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Allelic Polymorphism ◽  
Allele Polymorphism ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Β Carotene

Maize is the third most important food crop after wheat and rice. Maize is used as food for more than a billion people around the world and is used as animal feed, especially, poultry. The concentration of carotenoids, especially, β-carotene in maize grains, is very low. Therefore, the study of increasing the amount of provitamin A carotenoids including β-carotene is important. In maize, different alleles of crtRB1 and LcyE genes have a significant effect on β-carotene content. In this paper, we present the results of the study of allele polymorphism of these two genes related to the provitamin A carotenoid content in some traditional maize accessions collected from several regions in North and Central Highlands of Vietnam. The results showed that there were polymorphisms at the 3’ and 5’ ends of the crtRB1 and LcyE genes. Among 22 maize accessions, the proportion of favorable alleles at the 3’ end of crtRB1 gene was relatively high (5/22 = 22.73%). Similar results were obtained for alleles at 3’ end of the LcyE gene. Especially, there is an accession (Northern white gold maize) that carries favorable alleles at the 3’ ends of both crtRB1 and LcyE genes. While all investigated maize accessions did not carry favorable alleles at the 5’ end of both crtRB1 and LcyE genes. The identification of traditional maize accessions that carry favorable alleles for increasing b-carotene content opens up potential to exploit indigenous genetic resources for genetic research as well as to develop maize varieties with high β- carotene content. 

scholarly journals Allelic polymorphism of crtRB1 and LcyE genes related to the β-carotene content in Vietnamese traditional maize accessions,

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
Ho Thi Huong
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Allelic Polymorphism ◽  
Allele Polymorphism ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Β Carotene

Maize is the third most important food crop after wheat and rice. Maize is used as food for more than a billion people around the world and is used as animal feed, especially, poultry. The concentration of carotenoids, especially, β-carotene in maize grains, is very low. Therefore, the study of increasing the amount of provitamin A carotenoids including β-carotene is important. In maize, different alleles of crtRB1 and LcyE genes have a significant effect on β-carotene content. In this paper, we present the results of the study of allele polymorphism of these two genes related to the provitamin A carotenoid content in some traditional maize accessions collected from several regions in North and Central Highlands of Vietnam. The results showed that there were polymorphisms at the 3’ and 5’ ends of the crtRB1 and LcyE genes. Among 22 maize accessions, the proportion of favorable alleles at the 3’ end of crtRB1 gene was relatively high (5/22 = 22.73%). Similar results were obtained for alleles at 3’ end of the LcyE gene. Especially, there is an accession (Northern white gold maize) that carries favorable alleles at the 3’ ends of both crtRB1 and LcyE genes. While all investigated maize accessions did not carry favorable alleles at the 5’ end of both crtRB1 and LcyE genes. The identification of traditional maize accessions that carry favorable alleles for increasing b-carotene content opens up potential to exploit indigenous genetic resources for genetic research as well as to develop maize varieties with high β- carotene content. 

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Effectiveness of Alternative Genotyping Assays for Characterizing Carotenoids Accumulation in Tropical Maize Inbred Lines

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2022
Author(s):  
Abdoul-Raouf Sayadi Maazou ◽  
Melaku Gedil ◽  
Victor O. Adetimirin ◽  
Silvestro Meseka ◽  
Wende Mengesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Favorable Alleles ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Allele Specific

The development of maize varieties with increased concentration of Provitamin A (PVA) is an effective and affordable strategy to combat vitamin A deficiency in developing nations. However, the considerably high cost of carotene analysis poses a major challenge for maize PVA biofortification, prompting the use of marker-assisted selection. Presently, two types of genotyping with PVA trait-linked functional markers have been developed and extensively used in breeding programs. The two systems are low throughput gel-based genotyping and genotyping with Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers. Although the KASP SNPs genotyping was developed to replace the gel-based genotyping, studies have not been conducted to compare the effectiveness of the KASP SNPs markers with the gel-based markers. This study was conducted to assess the carotenoid content of 64 tropical PVA biofortified maize inbred lines containing temperate germplasm in their genetic backgrounds and screen them with both gel-based and KASP markers of PSY1, LCYE and crtRB1 genes. Many of the 64 inbred lines had PVA concentrations surpassing the 15 µg/g provitamin A breeding target set by the HarvestPlus Challenge Program. Favorable alleles of crtRB1, crtRB1 and the KASP SNPs markers were detected in 25 inbred lines with high PVA concentrations. Inbred lines with the favorable alleles of LCYE had the highest concentrations of non-PVA carotenoids, whereas those with the favorable alleles of crtRB1 had high levels of PVA carotenoids. Data from the sequenced region of LCYE revealed one SNP in the first intron that clearly differentiated the high and low β-carotene maize inbred lines. The results of our study demonstrate that the automated KASP SNPs markers can replace the gel-based genotyping for screening a large number of early generation maize inbred lines for PVA content.

scholarly journals Cassava with enhanced β-carotene maintains adequate vitamin A status in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) despite substantial cis-isomer content

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Howe ◽  
Bussie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Isomer Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Efforts to increase β-carotene in cassava have been successful, but the ability of high-β-carotene cassava to prevent vitamin A deficiency has not been determined. Two studies investigated the bioefficacy of provitamin A in cassava and compared the effects of carotenoid content and variety on vitamin A status in vitamin A-depleted Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Gerbils were fed a vitamin A-free diet 4 weeks prior to treatment. In Expt 1, treatments (ten gerbils per group) included 45 % high-β-carotene cassava, β-carotene and vitamin A supplements (intake matched to high-β-carotene cassava group), and oil control. In Expt 2, gerbils were fed cassava feeds with 1·8 or 4·3 nmol provitamin A/g prepared with two varieties. Gerbils were killed after 4 weeks. For Expt 1, liver vitamin A was higher (P < 0·05) in the vitamin A (1·45 (sd 0·23) μmol/liver), lower in the control (0·43 (sd 0·10) μmol/liver), but did not differ from the β-carotene group (0·77 (sd 0·12) μmol/liver) when compared with the high-β-carotene cassava group (0·69 (sd 0·20) μmol/liver). The bioconversion factor was 3·7 μg β-carotene to 1 μg retinol (2 mol:1 mol), despite 48 % cis-β-carotene [(Z)-β-carotene] composition in cassava. In Expt 2, cassava feed with 4·3 nmol provitamin A/g maintained vitamin A status. No effect of cassava variety was observed. Serum retinol concentrations did not differ. β-Carotene was detected in livers of gerbils receiving cassava and supplements, but the cis-to-trans ratio in liver differed from intake. Biofortified cassava adequately maintained vitamin A status and was as efficacious as β-carotene supplementation in the gerbil model.

scholarly journals Assessing Effect of Marker-Based Improvement of Maize Synthetics on Agronomic Performance, Carotenoid Content, Combining Ability and Heterosis

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1625
Author(s):  
Innocent Iseghohi ◽  
Ayodeji Abe ◽  
Silvestro Meseka ◽  
Wende Mengesha ◽  
Melaku Gedil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Β Carotene

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other parts of the world. Understanding the effect of marker-based improvement (MARS) of two maize synthetics (HGA and HGB) representing different heterotic groups on their agronomic performance, carotenoid content, and combining abilities could help identify suitable sources to develop divergent inbred lines for optimizing heterosis. This study involved three selection cycles each of the two synthetics and their nine varietal-cross hybrids together with a released check variety was conducted across four diverse locations in Nigeria in 2018 and 2019. Environment and hybrid effects were significant on grain yield and other agronomic traits as well as provitamin A content and other carotenoids. Genetic improvement per cycle of MARS in the parental synthetics was 15% for provitamin A, 25% for β-carotene and 26% for lutein in HGA and 4% for grain yield, 3% for zeaxanthin and 5% for α-carotene in HGB. Grain yield and agronomic traits of the two maize synthetics were controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects, while provitamin A content and other carotenoids were mainly controlled by additive gene effects. Some selection cycles which were high in grain yield and provitamin A content were identified as potential sources of new and divergent maize inbred lines in maize breeding programs. Some varietal-cross hybrids expressed significant mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and moderate mid-parent heterosis for provitamin A, β-carotene and xanthophylls. These hybrids could be commercialized at reasonable prices to small-scale farmers in rural areas that are most affected by vitamin A deficiency.

scholarly journals Climate Change Enhanced Carotenoid Pro-Vitamin A Levels of Selected Plantain Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beloved Mensah Dzomeku ◽  
Julian P. Wald ◽  
Jens Norbert Wünsche ◽  
Donatus Nohr ◽  
Hans K. Biesalski
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Β Carotene

Diet diversification and the exploitation of traditional, micronutrient-rich germplasm of staple crops are generally regarded as sustainable and low-cost approaches to increase the micronutrient intake of resource-poor people. Sun’s UV index was collected daily throughout the year. The study assessed the seasonality of provitamin A carotenoids in three plantain cultivars in response to climatic condition. Fruits were harvested at three maturities and freeze-dried before analysis. The results showed that there were high levels of the sun’s UV-B radiations throughout the year with the highest occurring from November to May when the area experienced clear skies with minimal cloud cover. These high levels of the sun’s UV-B index occurred between 9.00 h GMT and 17.00 h GMT. The study also showed that α-carotene content increased with maturity in “Apantu” during the rainy seasons ranging from 95 to 172 μg/100 g of dry pulp. Similar trends were observed during the dry season with a range of 28 to 489 μg/100 g. The α-carotene contents were very high in the periods of high sun’s UV-B radiations compared to the periods of low sun’s UV-B radiations. The α-carotene levels in the giant French plantains showed similar trends. Intermediate French “Oniaba” and False Horn “Apantu” plantain cultivar showed the highest content of β-carotene during the dry season. The high provitamin A carotenoid levels in the cultivars coincided with the high levels of the sun’s UV index.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Influences Carotenoid, Vitamin, Phenolic, and Mineral Content in White, Yellow, Purple, Orange, and Dark-orange Carrot Cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Nicolle ◽  
Gérard Simon ◽  
Edmond Rock ◽  
Pierre Amouroux ◽  
Christian Rémésy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Dark Orange ◽  
Β Carotene

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is ranked among vegetables as the most consumed and the best provitamin A provider. Moreover, carrot also contains vitamins, phenolic compounds, and other antioxidant micronutrients. The influence of carrot genetic background on the content of several micronutrients was investigated. Carotenoids and vitamins (C and E) were analyzed by HPLC in 20 varieties of carrot, and antioxidant activity of carrots was investigated with colorimetric methods (ORAC and Folin-Ciocalteu). There were large differences among cultivars in carotenoid content (0.32 to 17 mg/100 g of fresh weight). In yellow and purple carrots, lutein represents nearly half of the total carotenoids. By contrast, in orange carrots, β-carotene represents the major carotenoid (65%). The concentration of vitamin E ranged from 191 to 703 μg/100 g of fresh weight, whereas the concentration in ascorbic acid ranged from 1.4 to 5.8 mg/100 g. For all these components, dark-orange carrots exhibited the highest values. Significant differences among these 20 varieties were also recorded for mineral and total phenolic compound concentrations. Purple and dark-orange carrots could be preferred to usual carrot varieties to benefit from their specific micronutrients (anthocyanins, carotenoids, or vitamin E). ORAC is a complex reflection of phytomicronutrients but is not tightly linked to vitamin C levels, as shown for white carrots, which are rich in this vitamin.

scholarly journals Provitamin a biofortification in maize through genetic engineering and marker-assisted selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Β Carotene

Maize is an important cereal in the global economy, which feeds one-third of the world’s population and is the third largest food crop after wheat and rice. Nutritional quality of most maize varieties is very low due to the lack of lysine and tryptophan and extremely low provitamin A carotenoids including α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin. Therefore, one of the solutions to improve nutritional value in maize is to improve provitamin A carotenoids contents. Many efforts have been made to produce maize plants with enhanced provitamin A carotenoids, especially, β -carotene. This article aims to review the research towards provitamin A biofortification through genetic engineering and marker-assisted selection. The published results and our recent achievements open the window for the improvement of provitamin A carotenoids in maize as well as the issues that need the further investigation. 

Selection and Breeding for High β-Carotene Content (Provitamin A) in Tomato

1947 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Kohler ◽  
Ralph E. Lincoln ◽  
J. W. Porter ◽  
F. P. Zscheile ◽  
Ralph M. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Β Carotene

scholarly journals Screening of Provitamin-A Maize Inbred Lines for Drought Tolerance Using β-carotene Content: Morphophysiological and Biochemical Traits

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleck Kondwakwenda ◽  
Julia Sibiya ◽  
Rebecca Zengeni ◽  
Cousin Musvosvi ◽  
Samson Tesfay
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Β Carotene

Provitamin A maize (Zea mays L.) biofortification is an ideal complementary means of combating vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in sub-Saharan Africa where maize consumption is high coupled by high VAD incidences. However, drought remains a major abiotic constraint to maize productivity in this region. Comprehensive drought screening of initial breeding materials before advancing them is important to achieve genetic gain. In this study, 46 provitamin-A inbred lines were screened for drought tolerance in the greenhouse and field under drought and optimum conditions using β-carotene content (BCC), grain yield (GY), and selected morphophysiological and biochemical traits. The results revealed that BCC, morphophysiological and biochemical traits were effective in discriminating among genotypes. Number of ears per plant (EPP), stomatal conductance (Gs), delayed leaf senescence (SEN), leaf rolling (RL), chlorophyll content (CC) and free proline content (PC) proved to be ideal traits to use when indirectly selecting for GY by virtue of having relative efficiency of indirect selection values that are greater than unity and considerable genetic variances under either or both conditions. The findings of this study form the basis of initial germplasm selection when improving provitamin A maize for drought tolerance.

Quantification of Provitamin A Compounds in ChInese Vegetables by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. CHEN ◽  
J. R. CHUANG ◽  
J. H. LIN ◽  
C. P. CHIU
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Mustard Green ◽  
Β Carotene

The provitamin A contents of 16 vegetables grown in Taiwan were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. The amounts of the major provitamin A compounds, (β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene ranged from 0–6.8, 0–27.7, and 0.6–104.9 (μg/g, respectively. The highest β-carotene content was found in basil, followed by onion fragrant, kale, carrot, spinach, water convolvulus, mustard, green onion, garland chrysanthemum, sweet potato, green pepper, yellow com, mustard stem, lettuce, cabbage, and celeriac. Carrot was the only vegetable found to contain α-carotene while com was the vegetable to contain (β-cryptoxanthin.

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