The Bactericidal Effects of an Acidified Sodium Chlorite-Containing Oral Moisturizing Gel: A Pilot Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwao Kuroyama ◽  
Shigeo Osato ◽  
Takahiro Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Chemical Dissolution ◽  
Bactericidal Effects ◽  
Chemical Disinfectant

The aim of this study was to examine the bactericidal effects and bactericidal time of an acidified sodium chlorite compound gel (ASC-Gel) on bacteria isolated from the peri-implant sulci of 10 patients who received implants 3–27 years previously, and the depth of each peri-implant sulcus was 5 mm or less. Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC33277) was used as the control bacterium. Five ASC-Gel preparations were created by adding 3.3%, 5.0%, 7.0%, 9.0%, and 11.0% citric acid (CA) (condition a, b, c, d, and e, respectively) into an oral moisturizing gel containing sodium chlorite. The concentrations of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) generated in ASC-Gel under conditions (a) to (e) were 12.1, 14.1, 17.2, 21.2, and 39.3 ppm, respectively. We examined the bactericidal effects of the 5 ASC-Gel preparations at volumes of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mL, and measured the bactericidal time when 2.0 mL of ASC-Gel was used under condition (e). The bactericidal effects of ASC-Gel became significantly greater with increased concentrations of CA and ClO2 and with increased usage (0.5−2.0 mL) of the gel. All bacteria were killed by using 2.0 mL of ASC-Gel under condition (e). ASC-Gel also needed between 45 and 90 minutes to kill all microbes under condition (e). Within the limits of the present investigation, these results suggest that ASC-Gel is useful as a chemical disinfectant against bacteria in the peri-implant sulcus. Further studies are also required to protect teeth, the surface of hydroxyapatite-coated implants, and the surrounding soft tissues from effects of chemical dissolution such as acid erosion due to the low pH of ASC-Gel.

Decontamination Treatments for Psychrotrophic Microorganisms on Chicken Meat during Storage at Different Temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1977-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALICIA ALONSO-HERNANDO ◽  
ROSA CAPITA ◽  
CARLOS ALONSO-CALLEJA
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Chicken Legs ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Antimicrobial Effectiveness ◽  
Effective Compound

The antimicrobial effectiveness of five chemical decontaminants (12% trisodium phosphate [TSP], 1,200 ppm acidified sodium chlorite [ASC], 2% citric acid [CA], 220 ppm of peroxyacids [PA], or 50 ppm of chlorine dioxide [CD]) against psychrotrophic populations on skinned chicken legs was assessed throughout 120 h of storage under various temperature abuse scenarios. Three different simulated cold chain disruptions were used: T1 (12 h at 1 ± 1° C, 6 h at 15 ± 1° C, and 102 h at 4 ± 1° C), T2 (18 h at 1 ± 1° C, 6 h at 15 ± 1° C, and 96 h at 10 ± 1° C), or T3 (18 h at 4 ± 1° C, 6 h at 20 ± 1° C, and 96 h at 7 ± 1° C). Microbiological analyses were carried out at 0, 24, 72, and 120 h of storage. Substantial microbial reductions, with respect to control (untreated) samples, were obtained in legs treated with TSP, ASC, and CA, with average values ranging from 1.54 ± 1.52 to 2.02 ± 2.19 log CFU/cm2. TSP was the most effective compound under mild abuse temperature conditions (T1), with mean reductions of 2.01 ± 1.67 log CFU/cm2, whereas ASC, followed by CA, proved to be particularly useful under moderate abuse conditions (T3; average reductions of 2.99 ± 2.27 and 1.98 ± 1.65 log CFU/cm2, respectively). Treatment with PA or CD resulted in minimal microbial reductions.

Effect of the Temperature of the Dipping Solution on the Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Various Chemical Decontaminants against Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria on Poultry

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALICIA ALONSO-HERNANDO ◽  
JOSÉ ALFREDO GUEVARA-FRANCO ◽  
CARLOS ALONSO-CALLEJA ◽  
ROSA CAPITA
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
European Regulatory ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The influence of the temperature of the dipping solution on the antimicrobial effectiveness of several chemical poultry decontaminants was assessed. A total of 765 poultry legs were inoculated with gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, or Brochothrix thermosphacta) or gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, or Pseudomonas fluorescens). Samples were dipped for 15 min in solutions (wt/vol) of trisodium phosphate (12%), acidified sodium chlorite (1,200 ppm), citric acid (2%), peroxyacids (220 ppm), chlorine dioxide (50 ppm), or tap water or were left untreated (control). The temperatures of the dipping solutions were 4, 20, or 50°C. Microbiological analyses and pH determinations were carried out after 0, 1, 3, and 5 days of storage at 4°C. In comparison with the control samples, all chemical solutions were effective for reducing microbial loads. The temperature of treatment affected the microbial reductions caused by all chemicals (P < 0.001). The lowest average bacterial reductions caused by trisodium phosphate, acidified sodium chlorite, citric acid, and peroxyacids were observed at 4°C, all sampling days and microbial groups being considered simultaneously. The highest and the lowest effectiveness for chlorine dioxide were observed at 4 and 50°C, respectively. These results may be of use to meat processors for selecting the best conditions for decontamination treatments and may help the European Regulatory Authorities make their decisions for authorization of poultry decontamination treatments.

Effectiveness of Trisodium Phosphate, Acidified Sodium Chlorite, Citric Acid, and Peroxyacids against Pathogenic Bacteria on Poultry during Refrigerated Storage

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 2063-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA del RÍO ◽  
REBECA MURIENTE ◽  
MIGUEL PRIETO ◽  
CARLOS ALONSO-CALLEJA ◽  
ROSA CAPITA
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Trisodium Phosphate ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbial Group ◽  
And Control

The effects of dipping treatments (15 min) in potable water or in solutions (wt/vol) of 12% trisodium phosphate (TSP), 1,200 ppm acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), 2% citric acid (CA), and 220 ppm peroxyacids (PA) on inoculated pathogenic bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica) and skin pH were investigated throughout storage of chicken legs (days 0, 1, 3, and 5) at 3 ± 1°C. All chemical solutions reduced microbial populations (P < 0.001) as compared with the control (untreated) samples. Similar bacterial loads (P > 0.05) were observed on water-dipped and control legs. Type of treatment, microbial group, and sampling day influenced microbial counts (P < 0.001). Average reductions with regard to control samples were 0.28 to 2.41 log CFU/g with TSP, 0.33 to 3.15 log CFU/g with ASC, 0.82 to 1.97 log CFU/g with CA, and 0.07 to 0.96 log CFU/g with PA. Average reductions were lower (P < 0.001) for gram-positive (0.96 log CFU/g) than for gram-negative (1.33 log CFU/g) bacteria. CA and ASC were the most effective antimicrobial compounds against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. TSP was the second most effective compound for both bacterial groups. Average microbial reductions per gram of skin were 0.87 log CFU/g with TSP, 0.86 log CFU/g with ASC, 1.39 log CFU/g with CA, and 0.74 log CFU/g with PA for gram-positive bacteria, and 1.28 log CFU/g with TSP, 2.03 log CFU/g with ASC, 1.23 log CFU/g with CA, and 0.78 log CFU/g with PA for gram-negative bacteria. With only a few exceptions, microbial reductions in TSP- and ASC-treated samples decreased and those in samples treated with CA increased throughout storage. Samples treated with TSP and samples dipped in CA and ASC had the highest and lowest pH values, respectively, after treatment. The pH of the treated legs tended to return to normal (6.3 to 6.6) during storage. However, at the end of storage, the pH of legs treated with TSP remained higher and that of legs treated with CA remained lower than normal.

scholarly journals Expression of human and Porphyromonas gingivalis glutaminyl cyclases in periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis–A pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Bender ◽  
Andreas Egger ◽  
Martin Westermann ◽  
Nadine Taudte ◽  
Anton Sculean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis

Gross and Histologic Changes in the Developing Rabbit Subglottis in Response to a Controlled Depth of Injury

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila A. Mankarious ◽  
Shilpa R. Cherukupally ◽  
Allison B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Morphologic Change ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prolonged Intubation ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Histologic Changes

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the effects of both perichondrial and intracartilaginous injury in the developing rabbit subglottis versus normal development. DESIGN: We conducted a descriptive, pilot study of changes in the shape and histology of the subglottis after a controlled depth of injury in 27 New Zealand White rabbits, ages 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 1 1/2 years. INTERVENTION: Within each age group, 3 animals underwent no surgery, 3 underwent perichondrial injury, and 3 underwent intracartilaginous injury. RESULTS: Perichondrially injured animals in the 4-week age group developed a marked abnormality in the shape of the cricoid cartilage in the injured region. Cartilage of the perichondriallly injured animals in the 8-week and 1 1/2-year groups became histologically consistent with fibrous tissue. The cartilage of all animals that underwent intracartilaginous injury was replaced with fibrous tissue. CONCLUSION: In this observational study, we identified 3 relevant findings. First, the responses of the cartilage to a perichondrial injury suggest that the luminal soft tissues may exert some morphologic control in developmentally young animals. Second, only the 4-week-old group's cartilage was tolerant of a perichondrial injury with continued growth of the ring. Third, no animal's cartilage could withstand an intracartilaginous injury regardless of age. Acquired or congenital cricoid cartilage abnormalities are a frequent source of airway distress in both pediatric and adult populations. Narrowing of the cricoid cartilage, as seen in subglottic stenosis (SGS), creates a significant increase in morbidity and mortality rates 1 with an array of surgical interventions described extensively in the otolaryngology literature. The acquired form of SGS usually is iatrogenic, resulting from prolonged intubation or surgical intervention. Few published reports exist describing the histologic changes associated with SGS. Of the published studies, the source of SGS appears to be both cartilage ring abnormalities and concomitant mucosal fibrosis. 2–5 Histologic examination of injured cricoid samples suggests that the abnormal cricoid growth and development may be due to a combination of (1) inflammation within the cartilage leading to loss of chondrocytes, (2) replacement of the cartilage with fibrosis leading to decreased cartilage extracellular matrix and loss of structural support, and/or (3) alterations in the shape of the ring. It is generally accepted that intubation is better tolerated in younger patients than in older patients. Premature infants can be intubated for up to 4 to 5 months, but adults can be intubated for a maximum of 2 to 3 weeks before an alternate airway is sought. However, no exact guidelines exist for the duration of intubation as a function of age. Even physicians who care for intubated patients disagree about when to consider tracheotomy. We began our series of experiments attempting to understand the biochemical changes that would explain the difference in tolerance to intubation and the mechanisms behind loss of the structural support of the cricoid ring. In preparing the experimental substrate for these studies, we identified an interesting age-dependent and depth of injury-dependent morphologic change in the rabbit subglottis that was not expected. Biochemical changes in the rabbit subglottis will follow in future reports; however, herein we report on the observed morphologic changes. Due to the limited number of animals in this study, the data presented represent a pilot study.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Testing of Breast Tissue-Mimicking Phantom for Needle Biopsy Cutting: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Jheng ◽  
Chi-Lun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Tissue Cutting ◽  
Tissue Phantoms

Breast lesion tissue can be extremely stiff, e.g. calcification or soft, e.g. adipose. When performing needle biopsy, too small or scanty samples can be retrieved due to the tissue is mainly compressed instead of being cut. In order to studying the tissue cutting performance in various cutting conditions, tissue-mimicking phantoms are frequently used as a surrogate of human tissue. The advantage of using tissue phantoms is that their mechanical properties can be controlled. The stiffness of a tissue phantom can be measured by an indentation test. Previous studies have demonstrated mathematic models to estimate Young’s moduli of tissue phantoms from force-displacement data with an adjustable coefficient according to the geometry of the indenter. Tissue force reactions occurred needle insertion has been largely researched [1], but few studies investigated the tissue cutting with a rotational needle, which is a cutting method largely used in the breast needle biopsy. Research has demonstrated that the influence of rotation can significantly reduce the insertion force [2], but the experiment was conducted on a specific formula of silicone-based tissue phantoms. This paper served as a pilot study of a large-scale experiment to study the effect of rotational cutting on various cutting conditions and target materials, including artificial and biological soft tissues. Two most common types of soft tissue phantoms, biopolymers (gelatin gels and agar) and chemically synthesized polymers (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) were investigated. Indentation tests were performed to estimate the mechanical properties of tissue phantoms which were then verified by finite element simulations. Tissue cutting tests with and without rotation were conducted to evaluate the effect of needle rotation on the tissue force reactions.

scholarly journals Enhanced Human Gingival Fibroblast Response and Reduced Porphyromonas gingivalis Adhesion with Titania Nanotubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Xu ◽  
Yuqi He ◽  
Xiufeng Zeng ◽  
Xiuxia Zeng ◽  
Junhui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Titania Nanotubes ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Tissue Integration

Successful dental implants rely on stable osseointegration and soft-tissue integration. Titania nanotubes (TNTs) with a diameter of 100 nm could increase the mesenchymal stem cell response and simultaneously decrease Staphylococcus aureus adhesion. However, the interactions between the modified surface and surrounding soft tissues are still unknown. In the present study, we fully investigated the biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). TNTs were synthesized on titanium (Ti) surfaces by electrochemical anodization at 10, 30, and 60 V, and the products were denoted as NT10, NT30, and NT60, respectively. NT10 (diameter: 30 nm) and NT30 (diameter: 100 nm) could enhance the HGF functions, such as cell attachment and proliferation and extracellular matrix- (ECM-) related gene expressions, with the latter showing higher enhancement. NT60 (diameter: 200 nm) clearly impaired cell adhesion and proliferation and ECM-related gene expressions. Bacterial adhesion on the TNTs decreased and reached the lowest value on NT30. Therefore, NT30 without pharmaceuticals can be used to substantially enhance the HGF response and reduce P. gingivalis adhesion to the utmost, thus demonstrating significant potential in the transgingival part of dental implants.

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