scholarly journals Olympiodor of Alexandria – Scholarch of the Alexandrian School of Neoplatonism

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Irina Zajceva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Philosophical School ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Biographical Approach ◽  
Curriculum Vitae ◽  
The Church

Introduction. The domestic and foreign research literature pays great attention to Alexandrian Neo-Platonists of the 4th–6th centuries such as Hypatia, Ammonius son of Hermias, John Philoponus, but at the same time Olympiodorus, David the Invincible, Elias, Horapollon are given insufficient attention. This is largely due to lack of any reliable information in modern science, which reveals the life and professional path of these eminent intellectuals, as well as the fact that the majority of the few preserved works of these authors have not yet been translated into Russian and English. The author of the article aims to study the “intellectual portrait” of Olympiodorus without reconstruction or refinement of his curriculum vitae based on source analysis. Methods and materials. The Intellectual History and the micro-historical approach were chosen as the main methodological basis of this article. The work is based on the system-wide analysis and historical-biographical approach. The source base of the article consists of the extant Olympiodorus works in the book series “Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca”. The historiography of the topic, for the most part, is represented by the works of Western European scientists: L. Westerink, S. Viano, N. Tarrant, etc., in particular. Russian Science almost did not study the personality of Olympiodorus: the only exceptions are small articles or just incorporation of information about him in the biographies of other well-known personalities. Analysis. The author argues for the thesis that Olympiodorus, contrary to the prevailing opinion in Russian science, was a smart executive and a good scientist who managed to preserve the traditions of the Neo-Platonic School of Alexandria by continuing to interpret classical works of Plato and Aristotle. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of Olympiodorus works, the author concludes that Olympiodorus of Alexandria has assumed the post of head of the Alexandrian Philosophical School of Neo-Platonism in the competition with John Philoponus, also he has been able to continue the activities in line with the tradition of Ammonius, son of Hermias while supporting political parity with the Church authorities and has furthermore become one of the first of Alexandrian intellectuals who used a classical scientific approach to interpret works of Plato and Aristotle without striving for their absolutization.

scholarly journals STUDY OF PURUSH SIDDHANT WITH SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2840-2843
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Pramod Kumar Prasad ◽  
Gupta S.S
Keyword(s):  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Reversible Reaction ◽  
Ultimate Truth ◽  
Living World ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Universe

The word “Purush" in its most social sense means man but in the aspect of Ayurveda, the term purush is repre- sented as atma or chetana dhatu (chetana-life and dhatu-element). The concept of the existence of atman (soul) is generally not accepted by modern science. According to Indian philosophy, the ultimate truth or absolute soul is one and he is Chetana (Sarvam Khalu Idam Brahm). Treatment of Panchmahabhut Sharir with presence of purush is known as Chikitsya Purush. Purush is supreme soul, pure conscious, unchanging, immortal neither birth nor death. It is essential for the creation of the universe and the living world. In the presence of purush gains knowledge through the mind. All the actions through karmendriyas, desire, pleasure, pain, life and death are per- formed. The purush (Kshetrajy) is lord of the house (Kshetra). The role of Purush in Srusti is laya & parlay which is the same as catalyst’s work in a reversible reaction. Keywords: Purush, Types, Karma Chikitsa, Chaturvinshatika, Rashi, Punarjanma

scholarly journals Implentasi Pengendalian Konflik Keluarga bagi Relasi Suami Istri Kristen

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Yakub Hendrawan Perangin Angin ◽  
Tri Astuti Yeniretnowati
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Marital Relations ◽  
The Church ◽  
Reconciliation Process ◽  
Husband And Wife

Conflict arises in every marriage. It is a part of life that naturally occurs in every household, anywhere, including Christian marriages, even though they are blessed in the church, they are not immune to conflict free. Controlling conflict has an impact on whether the husband and wife relationship is strong in Christian marriages, so knowing the sources of triggers or causes of conflict in a Christian marriage family is very important so that we can anticipate and take conflict resolution in appropriate ways. The method in writing this journal is carried out by analyzing relevant sources from books and research literature, so that application suggestions are obtained for increasing the stronger relationship between husband and wife because they can control conflict well. Husband and wife need to put the reconciliation process that Allah created for the husband and wife relationship to be applied in all marital relations that are disturbed or even damaged.

Interpreting Tillotson

1993 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Reedy
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
New Model ◽  
Church Politics ◽  
The Church

As archbishop of Canterbury after 1691, John Tillotson (1630–1694) guided the Church of England in the years following the accession of William and Mary in 1688. Whether he guided the church wisely has always been a matter of contention, because Tillotson not only took the oaths to the new monarchs but also helped to fill the vacated offices and sees of those who had not. Although apparently of a genial disposition, with personal gifts of generosity and piety, Tillotson made many enemies because of his church politics. The theological importance of his writings and their place in intellectual history have also provoked controversy. I believe that he is one of the great, yet much misunderstood, writers of late seventeenth-century England; this article offers a new model for interpreting his intellectual significance.

Myths, Myths, Everywhere

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-158
Author(s):  
David Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Galileo Galilei ◽  
Giordano Bruno ◽  
John William Draper ◽  
The Church ◽  
True Science

This chapter debunks a series of myths about science and religion. These include the idea that Giordano Bruno and then Galileo Galilei were martyrs of modern science; that Copernicanism was unilaterally opposed by the Church; that Christianity sets faith against evidence; that reason has played no part in Christian thinking over its history; that true science is only ever cold, detached, and rational; that thinkers must pick a side in the war between “science” and “religion.” Modern examples of all of these myths are given, ranging from academic works to bestselling novels. Each is studied in turn, and then revealed to be false. As with the other chapters, John William Draper and Andrew Dickson White are shown to be largely responsible for popularizing them in the first place.

Book Review: The Church and Modern Science

1958 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
Paul J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
The Church

Knowledge and Salvation in Jesuit Culture

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivka Feldhay
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Future Contingents ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Early Modern Science ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
True Knowledge ◽  
Harsh Criticism ◽  
The Church

The ArgumentIn this paper, I argue that the most significant contribution of the Jesuits to early modern science (via Galileo) consists in the introduction of a new “image of knowledge.”In contradistinction to traditional Scholasticism, this image of knowledge allows for the possibility of a science (i. e. certain knowledge) of hypothetical entities.This problem became crucial in two specific areas. In astronomy, knowledge of mathematical entities of unclear ontological status (like epicycles and eccentrics) was nevertheless proclaimed certain. In theology, God's knowledge of the future acts of man, logically considered as future contingents, was also proclaimed certain. In both cases the concept of certain knowledge of hypothetical entities was problematic and challenged a central premise of the accepted canons of logic, i.e., that the objects of true knowledge (“scientia”) must be real objects.The main argument of this paper is that the practical orientation of the Jesuit cultural milieu enabled Jesuit scientists and theologians to ignore accepted logical considerations and to modify traditional Thomist images of knowledge. Nevertheless, this modification was not so radical as to change the contemporary organization of knowledge. This was due to the peculiar status of the Jesuits within the church establishment, which exposed them to harsh criticism and created a deep need for legitimation. Thus, the limitations of Jesuit scientific culture are accounted for in institutional, rather than in logical terms.

scholarly journals LENGTHY REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORICAL FATE OF THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA. REVIEW ON THE BOOK: PASCHENYA V. N. INTELLIGENTSIA, ITS ROLE IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA AND CRIMEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (3) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
V. V. Akimchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Historical Essay ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia

V. N. Paschenyi’s attempt to present a historical essay on the fate of the Russian intelligentsia in 1783-1991 is analyzed. The author’s concept is considered. The conclusion is made about the discrepancy between the title and the content of the book, about his primitivization of the scientific approach to the history of Crimean studies. Numerous factual and conceptual errors of V. N. Paschenyi are named. It is proved that the book is a pile of facts from Russian history, sometimes unrelated to each other. The lack of reliance on sources on the history of Crimean studies, the author’s ignorance of the historiography of the issue led him to create an untenable version of the monograph on the intellectual history of the Crimea.

scholarly journals Humor and satire in the relationship between the Ukrainian people and the clergy (historical and source analysis)

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Оlena Korotkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Folk Tradition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Historical Periods

Fundamental differences in the value categories of the Ukrainian people and the clergy have a long history. The specific attitude of the people to the representatives of the elite clerical caste of society in different historical periods had many contradictions. Ukrainians have deep respect for traditional religious cults for a long time, but openly mocked and distrusted church and clergy. At a time of growing anti-feudal popular sentiments, the clergy became an unconditional example of negative social behavior and the embodiment of a rigid state exploitative policy in the people's consciousness. Popular protest manifested itself in satirical and humorous folklore – fairy tales, fables, stories, parodies, jokes. Representatives of the clergy appeared in folklore in the form of greedy priests, prone to drunkenness and brawls, deacons who spent working and free time in the inn and at the gaming table. Folk artists sharply ridiculed the ignorance of priests and their unwillingness to perform their direct duties. The problems of the relationship between the clergy and the peasantry and its coverage in folklore were covered in ancient chronicles, stories, scientific and ethnographic publications of prominent researchers and representatives of the literary elite. In the XIX – early XX century most periodicals paid much attention to the publication of folk tales, jokes, poetic stories. For example, outstanding masterpieces of folk humor were „The Lamentation of the Kiev Monks”, which was first published in 1881 in the magazine „Russian Antiquity” and „Poem about Father Negrebetsky”, which was published in the „Notes of the NTSh” in 1905. humorous works are published in multi-volume books by P. Chubynsky, ethnographic collections by M. Dikaryov, collections by the outstanding philologist B. Hrynchenko, „Notes of NTSh” edited by I. Franko, etc. A large layer of folk anti-clerical humor was preserved in the form of folk jokes, the heroes of which were clumsy priests and uneducated flocks. Folk playgrounds and performances of „merrymakers” and buffoons were perceived by the priesthood as manifestations of demons. They violated the sacred dogmas of the church, and therefore were subject to destruction. But attempts to destroy the satirical and humorous folk tradition led to completely opposite results – laughter became a sharp weapon for the people, able to resist oppression and violence.

scholarly journals Święty Władysław w Pułtusku

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
Radosław Lolo
Keyword(s):  
Source Analysis ◽  
Saint Peter ◽  
Jesuit College ◽  
The Church

The article deals with the fate of the relics of Saint Władysław donated in 1585 by the Polish queen Anna Jagiellonka to the Jesuit college in Pułtusk. They were handed over from the royal treasury as evidence of gratitude for the education of Andrzej Batory - nephew of King Stephen I. Later the members of the Waza dynasty: princess Anna Katarzyna (1634) and king Władysław IV Waza (1635), fond homage to these relics. At that time he also gave them a silver reliquary as a gift. After the suppression of the Jesuits, the fate of the relics was unknown. Artifacts connected associated with them were found in the church of Saint Peter and Paul in Pułtusk in 2016. Research was unable to confirm that 7 of the oldest parts of a skull came from Saint Władysław`s skull which is now kept in Györ (lack of the DNA in the parts from Pułusk). Later, it was confirmed that these artifacts venerated in Pułtusk were relics of Saint Władysław. On the basis of the source analysis and comparison of the size of herms and pillows the author fixed that this herm, which was kept in Diocesan Museum in Płock, known as herm Saint Maurycy`s herm is in fact the herm donated to the Pułtusk`s Jesuits by Władysław IV in 1635 on Saint Władysław`s relics.

A History of Qualitative Research in Education in China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manli Li
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Research In Education ◽  
Education In China

Since the early 2000s, qualitative research (QR) emerged as an interpretive approach and has gained increasing interest in education in China, while it is deeply rooted in Chinese intellectual history. Indigenously, the concept of QR methodology sought to explore the richness, depth, and complexity of phenomena, which was a way to gain insights through discovering meanings by improving the comprehension of the whole overall. In the 1920s, pioneering intellectuals promoted Western education or new education in the New Culture Movement (around the time of the May 4 Movement in 1919), led by Hu Shih, Chen Tuhsiu, Li Tachao, and others. They actively advocated democracy and science. The May 4th Campaign dealt a heavy blow to the traditional rituals that ruled China for more than 2,000 years. It has inspired people’s democratic consciousness and promoted the development of modern science in China. Quantitative research, like statistical methods, was introduced in the field of education. With the development of theories and methods of probabilistic statistics for studying randomness, small sample theory, statistical estimation, and statistical tests were widely introduced in the 1940s. In the upcoming decades, for many, quantitative research evoked a strong allegiance in academia, particularly in education, since it was considered to be based on a belief in science, perhaps more so than what many considered qualitative research in China. Actually, the relationship between qualitative and quantitative research in education has been fraught with misunderstanding, confusion, and tension in China. After the 1990s, QR, which has been primarily advocated by Western researchers, has also grown in importance in educational and cultural studies in China as a methodological approach to research that aligns in important ways with quantitative research. Thus, internal tensions within the field of education have also emerged. Yet, though both approaches vary and have distinct genealogies and commitments, QR may be seen as a broad methodological genre in which open-ended interviews, participatory and non-participation observation, literature analysis, case studies, and other methods of social phenomena engage in long-term, in-depth, and meticulous studies. Such critically oriented QR has important implications for educational research.

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