scholarly journals Level and Characteristics of Interfaith Tension of the Bottom Volga Area

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Ivan Suslov ◽  

The article analyzes the data of a sociological survey conducted in the spring of 2020 of the Bottom Volga area by the research team of the Department of history, political science and sociology of the Saratov state law Academy. Primary sociological information was collected using the Internet survey of respondents using the Google forms service. The sample size was 1,100 people. Representatives of the Astrakhan region (184 respondents), Volgograd region (307) and Saratov region (609) were interviewed. The empirical study allowed us to determine the influence of respondents' religion on the perception of religious threats, as well as problems of interfaith dialogue. The regional specifics of the quality of interfaith relations were revealed, and the levels of religious tension in the Astrakhan, Volgograd and Saratov regions were compared. The survey revealed hidden tensions in the region's interfaith relations (including among the Orthodox majority). Representatives of the Muslim community showed an optimistic attitude in their responses. A potentially dangerous predisposition to politicizing religion has been identified among those groups that are under pressure to identify with their faith. The study revealed: there is a high level of concern about issues of faith among representatives of the Muslim community; a positive attitude towards increasing the role of religion in socio-political life, increasing the level of secularization of society. Atheists of the Lower Volga region showed open dissatisfaction with the state of religious relations in the region. Atheists of the Lower Volga region showed open dissatisfaction with the state of religious relations in the region. This group appears as an object of the religious security system, which under pressure is transformed into a subject protesting against secularization processes. The author concludes that the main strategy should be to study and solve the internal problems of religious minorities, and a complementary strategy can be to counteract external (foreign) religious threats.

Author(s):  
E. A. Vertikova ◽  

In a competitive variety trial, promising selection lines of sugar sorghum were studied in the Lower Volga region. Based on a set of signs, the best lines were identified, which are recommended for transfer to the State Variety Testing. Breeding lines, which are distinguished by high values of commercially valuable traits, can be used in planned crosses to create highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar sorghum.


Author(s):  
Roman Kalinichenko ◽  
Marina Klimahina ◽  
Kseniya Shumakova ◽  
Elena Macyganova ◽  
Nikolay Dudakov

This paper presents microbiological composition of lightbrown soil in the Lower Volga Region, which has been harvest on different nutriculture mediums. Diagnosed characteristics of microbian biocoenosis expansion on drip irrigation and unwatered soils. The Fusarium, Bacillus subtilis and Erwinia, which make more difficult to cultivate and preserve the agricultural produce, had located in irrigated plow horizon of light-brown soil of Volgograd Region. The forms of soil humidity on drip irrigation had not show any influence on microbiological composition.


Author(s):  
Vachagan A. Cholakhyan ◽  

The article examines the state of industry in the Lower Volga region in the late 1920s on the eve of the first five-year plan. The author studies the branch structure of the economy, the process of dividing industry by structure and forms of subordination. The extreme limitation of material financial resources has become one of the main reasons not only for the consolidation of territorial entities, but also for the allocation of priority areas for industrial development. The introduction of new archival data into scientific circulation and the application of modern methodological principles allowed the author to establish that by the beginning of the first five-year plan, the Lower Volga region in economic terms was a pronounced agricultural region, in which 80% of gross output was produced by agriculture.


2020 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Alexander Sergeevich Filatov ◽  
Margarita Vasilievna Zabelina ◽  
Dmitry Vladimirovich Nikolaev ◽  
Viktor Vladimirovich Ponomarev ◽  
Bogdan Alexandrovich Sherstyuk ◽  
...  

The article presents data on the study of the reproductive qualities of purebred pigs of a large white breed of the pig breeding complex in the Lower Volga region (PZK named after Lenin Surovikinsky district of the Volgograd region (54 thousand pigs). 59 heads of pigs of the Taiga family were selected for scientific and economic experiment, which were inseminated with boars-producers of different lines. 3 groups were formed: 25 heads were inseminated with the seed of boars-producers of the Leopard line; 18 heads – the SWAT line and 16 heads-The F. Marshal line. It was found that in The leopard line at 120 days of age, the live weight is higher by 2.75 kg than in the SWAT line and 2.27 kg than in The F. Marshall line. Analyzing the data obtained in the course of research of young animals, we can conclude that in percentage terms, the largest number of boars in the F. Marshall line is 54.35%, which is higher in comparison with analogues from The leopard and SWAT lines by 13.06 and 11.56%, respectively. The highest indicators were obtained for animals of The F. Marshall line.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Ecaterina Dmitrievna Makeeva

The study of various aspects of interaction between society and nature at the present time is not only of interest to ecologists, but also for specialists in the field of Humanities, particularly historians. This article discusses the history of formation and development of a regional system of management of nature protection in the Middle and Lower Volga region. The author describes main issues related to the state forest Fund of the region in 1918-1950-s and the measures taken by the Executive committees of local Soviets at various levels to address their consequences. The main directions of environmental activities of local governments are considered: protection of forests against fire, theft and infestations of pests, the creation of protected areas, to combat poaching, the accomplishment and gardening of settlements. The sources for the preparation of the article were, basically, documents of regional archives of the Central state archive of Samara region, the State archive of Ulyanovsk region, the State archive of Penza region, the State archive of Saratov region, the National archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, Samara oblast state archive of socio-political history, as well as materials of local periodicals. A significant number of archival documents are for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, which is the scientific novelty of the research.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Трейстер ◽  

This article is devoted to the Achaemenid cylinder seal, representing a fight of the Persian hero with two lions, from the princely burial in Kosika in the Lower Volga region dated to the third quarter of the 1st century BC. The analysis has shown that the seal is dated to the 5th century BC, more likely to its first half. There is a good chance that it could be carved in a peripheral workshop in Mesopotamia or in Syria. The seal, made of a high quality-material at the high level, represents a complicated and in certain aspects very rare composition, clearly standing out in the context of the Achaemenid glyptics. At least 400 years passed between the time the seal had been carved and its use as part of the burial inventory in Kosika. It is hardly to suggest that the seal belonged to nomads all this time, especially since the finds of the Achaemenid seals in the nomadic burials in Eurasia of the 5th–4th centuries BC are extremely rare, unlike their finds in the necropoleis of the Bosporan Kingdom. The Achaemenid seal from Kosika along with a Kassite cylinder seal found in the same burial belongs to the circle of the Western Asian and Near Eastern seals of the mid-2nd — mid-1st millennium BC which were found also in the burials of Sarmatian elite of the 1st century BC — early 2nd century AD in the Bug, the Don and the Kuban regions. They probably fell into the hands of the nomads during robbery of sanctuaries at Transcaucasia.


2019 ◽  
pp. 70-104
Author(s):  
В.А. Семенютина ◽  
И.П. Свинцов

Для Нижнего Поволжья со сложными почвенноклиматическими условиями прогнозы несут рост продолжительности вегетации, увеличение тепла, смягчение зим. Это указывает на необходимость исследований субтропических растений для объективной оценки выявления механизмов их адаптации и перспективности для создания защитных лесных насаждений в малолесных регионах. Теоретический и практический интерес для Волгоградской области представляет ценное плодовое, лекарственное, лесомелиоративное и декоративное растениекустарник (унаби) Zizyphus jujubа Mill. (семейство Rhamnaceae). Цель исследований изучить экологофизиологические особенности субтропических древесных растений Zizyphus jujubа и выявить индикаторные признаки их адаптации в Волгоградской области. Объектами исследований являлись сортовые растения унаби (Таянцзао, Южанин крупноплодные, Дружба, Финик среднеплодные, Сочинский, Темрюкский мелкоплодные). Они испытываются в Волгоградской области впервые, получены из ФГБНУ ВНИИЦиСК (г. Сочи) и возделываются в ФГБНУ ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН (Волгоградская область, Россия). Почвы экспериментального участка (504505с.ш. и 45224523 в.д.) характеризуются небольшим содержанием гумуса (с 0,57 до 1,15 ). Выявлено, что для района исследований (Волгоградская область) характерны небольшое количество осадков, низкие температуры зимой, высокие летом, засухи высокой и средней интенсивности. Амплитуда абсолютных максимумов и минимумов варьирует от семидесяти восьми (сухая степь) до девяноста градусов по Цельсию (полупустыня). Установлено, что агроклиматические ресурсы ареалов естественного распространения отличаются от пунктов введения Zizyphus jujubа Mill. в культуру. Разные уровни морфологической изменчивости, а также водообеспеченности приводят к изменению способности расходовать и удерживать воду, к дефициту влаги в листьях у Z.jujubа. Незначительное влияние засухи на состояние надземных органов растений в острозасушливые периоды отмечено у среднеплодных и крупноплодных сортов. Повреждаются молодые неодревесневшие побеги (при температуре воздуха около 40 С и снижении влажности воздуха до 10). Снижение тургора листьев наблюдалось при показателях водного дефицита 28,335,8 . Водный дефицит снижается на 610 с увеличением возраста, что обусловлено повышением адаптации и регуляции водного баланса. По показателям относительного выхода электролитов определены группы по степени засухоустойчивости: низкая Южанин, ТаЯнЦзао (4,234,71), средняя Финик, Дружба (3,103,61) и высокая Темрюкский, Сочинский (1,641,99). Экологическая толерантность различных организмов к низким температурам достаточно специфична. Оценка различных сортов Zizyphus jujubа в условиях светлокаштановых почв показала, что адаптация растений к низким температурам повышается с увеличением возраста. У мелкоплодных сортов с увеличением возраста повреждения незначительны. По материалам вегетационного опыта установлены пределы экологической толерантности мелкоплодных форм Zizyphus jujubа к хлоридному засолению, что дает возможность прогнозировать их успешное выращивание на почвах с содержанием ионов хлора 0,1. Таким образом, проведенные комплексные экологофизиологические исследования адаптационной способности субтропических растений Zizyphus jujubа выявили индикаторные признаки, позволяющие оценивать и прогнозировать степень адаптации в зависимости от сортовой принадлежности и реакцию на стрессовые факторы, специфичные для условий Нижнего Поволжья. For the Lower Volga region with difficult soil and climatic conditions, forecasts bear an increase in the length of the growing season, an increase in heat, and a softer winters. This indicates the need for studies of subtropical plants for an objective assessment of the identification of mechanisms for their adaptation and prospects for creating protective forest plantations in sparsely wooded regions. Theoretical and practical interest for the Volgograd region is a valuable fruit, medicinal, forest reclamation and ornamental shrub (unabi) plant Zizyphus jujuba Mill. (family Rhamnaceae). The purpose of the research is to study the ecological and physiological features of subtropical woody plants of Zizyphus jujuba and to identify indicator signs of their adaptation in the Volgograd region. The objects of research were the varietal plants of the unabi (Tayangzao, Southerner largefruited, Druzhba, Phenicia mediumfruited, Sochi, Temryuk smallfruited). They are tested in the Volgograd region for the first time, obtained from the FSBI (city of Sochi) and are cultivated in FSBI FNTS Agroecology RAS (Volgograd region, Russia). The soils of the experimental plot (50 450 5N and 45 2245 23E) are characterized by a low humus content (from 0.57 to 1.15). It was revealed that the study area (Volgograd region) is characterized by a small amount of precipitation, low temperatures in winter, high temperatures in summer, droughts of high and medium intensity. The amplitude of the absolute maxima and minima varies from seventyeight (dry steppe) to ninety degrees Celsius (semidesert). It has been established that the agroclimatic resources of natural distribution areas differ from the introduction points of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. to culture. Different levels of morphological variability, as well as water availability, lead to a change in the ability to expend and retain water, to a lack of moisture in the leaves of Z.jujuba. The insignificant effect of drought on the state of the aboveground plant organs during the arid periods was observed in mediumsized and largefruited varieties. Young, nonlignified shoots are damaged (at an air temperature of about 40 C and a decrease in air humidity of up to 10). A decrease in leaf turgor was observed with water deficit indicators of 28.335.8. Water deficiency decreases by 610 with increasing age, which is due to increased adaptation and regulation of water balance. According to the indicators of the relative electrolyte yield, groups were determined according to the degree of drought resistance: low Southerner, TaYanZao (4.234.71), medium Finik, Friendship (3.103.61) and high Temryuk, Sochi (1.641.99). Ecological tolerance of various organisms to low temperatures is quite specific. Evaluation of different varieties of Zizyphus jujuba under lightbrown soils showed that the adaptation of plants to low temperatures increases with increasing age. In small varieties with an increase in age, the damage is minor. Based on the vegetation experience, the limits of ecological tolerance of smallfruited forms of Zizyphus jujuba to chloride salinity were established, which makes it possible to predict their successful cultivation on soils with a chlorine ion content of 0.1. Thus, complex ecological and physiological studies of the adaptive capacity of subtropical plants Zizyphus jujuba revealed indicator signs that allow to evaluate and predict the degree of adaptation depending on the variety and the response to stress factors specific to the conditions of the Lower Volga region.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
Mariya Afanasievna Balabanova

This paper reviews an anthropological aspect of the artificial skull deformation which was practiced by the tribes of catacomb cultural-historical community of the Middle Bronze Age of the Lower Volga region and adjacent territories. Craniological series, numbering 207 skulls, was checked for the presence of deformation traces. 81 skulls had the traces of deformation, which is 35,2% of the total number. On average, the percentage of deformed skulls in some burial grounds of the catacomb culture of the Volgograd Region is about 17,0%, but there are a few burial grounds in craniological series where deformed skulls are absent. The type of deformation is identified as annular and frontal-occipital. The analysis of anthropological works of Russian and foreign authors as well as written sources allows to agree with the idea of A.V. Shevchenko that the custom of the skull deformation among the tribes of catacomb cultural-historical community penetrated through the cultural centers of Western Asia. The comparison of deformed and unstrained series of skulls showed that only signs of the cerebral box undergo a change under the influence of the deforming structure in most cases. The deforming effect of the structure on facial features is very weak. When the process of pressure is completed, the skull acquires a tower shape or a shape of a high cone.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document