scholarly journals Agreement and Trust: in Narratives or Narrators?

10.15788/npf4 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Lybecker ◽  
◽  
Mark K. McBeth ◽  
Jessica M. Sargen ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Class Climate ◽  
Narrative Policy Framework ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Narrative Element

Narratives concerning the working class and their relationship to climate change are important. In particular, how the narrative constructs the relationship and, within this, who communicates a narrative (the narrator) is key. That said, this is a less studied element; the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) has limited research on narrators. Subsequently, this work examines individuals’ support of narratives and narrators using an Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) survey of 435 participants. After pretesting for climate change views, the subjects chose which narrator they expected to agree with: Mechanic Pat or Organic Farmer Chris. Through randomization, subjects joined either a congruent treatment group (Mechanic Pat tells the anti-climate change narrative and Organic Farmer Chris tells the pro-climate change narrative) or an incongruent treatment group (Mechanic Pat tells the pro-climate change narrative and Organic Farmer Pat tells the anti-climate change narrative). Results indicate that before reading the narratives, climate change “devotees” (those who agree that climate change is occurring and is human-caused) thought they would agree with Organic Farmer Chris over Mechanic Pat. Whereas there was division in the climate change “skeptics” (those who disagree that climate change is real and human-caused) on the question of what narrator they thought they would agree with. Devotees significantly supported the pro-climate change working-class narrative when told by Organic Farmer Chris as compared to when Mechanic Pat told the same narrative. Further showing the power of a narrator, devotees supported the anti-working class climate change narrative more when told by Organic Farmer Chris rather than when Mechanic Pat told the same narrative. Our findings demonstrate that narrators matter and suggest that the NPF needs to consider narrators as a narrative element worthy of further study.

scholarly journals “YES, I WILL WORK ON MY FREE TIME” – DIGITAL WORK ON AMAZON MECHANICAL TURK AS THE HISTORICAL CONTINUATION OF THE EXPLOITATION OF WOMEN'S LABOR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Moreschi ◽  
Amanda Jurno ◽  
Monique Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Late Capitalism ◽  
Digital Work ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

In this proposal, we pursue an approximation to Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) women workers to understand their specificities and their layers of dependence in this environment so pertinent to the “late capitalism” (Crary 2016). AMT is an online platform where workers perform low-paid services that cannot be efficiently automated. Since 2019, in the Group [Anonymized excerpt], at the University [Anonymized excerpt], we have carried out projects where we approach these workers in an attempt to understand their routines, desires and the future of work itself. In our experiences, it has become evident that women turkers tend to be even more precarious due to gender issues passed to AMT. Also we concluded that AMT help keeping the women labor power available for unpaid domestic services and, at the same time, make it profitable for several companies. To understand more about them, we conducted a survey with 53 women turkers and systematized their responses. We approached some of them to understand the relationship between Artificial Intelligence and gender issues, and also ways of better working conditions and more autonomy for these women workers.

The Narrative Policy Framework and Sticky Beliefs: An Experiment Studying Islamophobia

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy S. Clemons, ◽  
Mark K. McBeth ◽  
Rolfe Daus Peterson ◽  
Carl L. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Individual Opinion ◽  
Narrative Policy Framework ◽  
Identity Protection

Our study focuses on Islamophobia and the power of facts versus the power of a narrative in shaping individual opinion toward Muslims. We utilise an experimental design to explore three research questions: (1) Is Islamophobia and anti-Muslim sentiment lowered in narrative or factual treatments?; (2) What are the differential effects of the treatments by ideological orientation?; and (3) Is Islamophobia a predictor of policy stances? We find that neither the narrative or factual treatments lowered Islamophobia or anti-Muslim sentiment. However, moderates were significantly influenced by the Facts Treatment, expressing lower levels of anti-Muslim sentiment. Finally, the treatments significantly influenced policy positions for individuals in the Facts Treatment group, who were less likely to support funding increases for border security than subjects in the narrative treatment. Our findings have implications for understanding persuasion, identity protection cognition, and the persistence of Islamophobia within the context of the power of narrative.

scholarly journals Pro-environmental behaviors correlate with delay discounting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahabeddin Sahraeian ◽  
Iman Khan Ahmadi ◽  
Hashem Sadeghiyeh
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
The Relationship

A total of 138 participants were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to evaluate the relationship between temporal discounting and pro-environmental behavior. Pro-environmental behavior was assessed by using a modified version of Whitmarsh and O'Neill survey. Temporal discounting was assessed by Kirby's 27-item delay-discounting measure. The results showed a positive trend correlation between pro-environmental behavior and temporal discounting; i.e. the more discounting of the future was correlated with less pro-environmental behavior. This trend became much more significant when we just analyzed those participants who answered "Yes" to the question "Do you think climate change is something that is affecting or is going to affect you, personally?" to which 98 out of 138 participants of our study answered "yes". For this upper %70 of participants the Pearson correlation coefficient was r = 0.28; p = 0.006. We also analyzed different demographic traits to see whether there is any difference between sub-groups regarding differential pro-environmental behaviors. Two features turned out to be highly predictive of the pro-environmental behavior: education and marriage. Married and higher educated tend to act more pro-environmentally than single and lower educated.

Microfoundations

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-66
Author(s):  
Keren Yarhi-Milo ◽  
Joshua D. Kertzer
Keyword(s):  
International Conflict ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Military Engagement ◽  
Domestic Support ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents two cross-national survey experiments that explore the relationship between self-monitoring characteristics, beliefs about the efficacy of force, and concerns for reputation for resolve. The first survey consists of two thousand American adults recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), whereas the second survey is conducted on a nationally representative sample of Israeli Jewish adults. Obtaining almost identical results in each study, the chapter found that the interaction between self-monitoring and general predispositions toward the use of force produces systematic differences in support for the use of force. These findings carry significant implications for the ability of leaders to mobilize domestic support for the use of force: when leaders are able to frame an international conflict in reputational terms, a segment of the population that would not otherwise be convinced about the use of force is likely to become more supportive of military engagement.

When Should a Brand Cut Ties With a Scandalized Endorser?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Sato ◽  
Akiko Arai ◽  
Yosuke Tsuji ◽  
Mark Kay
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Consumer Evaluations ◽  
Strategy Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Celebrity Endorsers

It is important for brands to appropriately respond when their athlete endorsers are involved in a scandal. The present study examines how consumer evaluations of endorsed brands are influenced by a brand’s response to an endorser scandal. A 2 (brand response strategy type: maintenance vs. termination) × 2 (endorser scandal type: competence-relevant vs. competence-irrelevant) between-subjects experiment is conducted. Specifically, the authors focus on the perceived appropriateness of the response strategy and consumer attitudes toward an endorsed brand. Subjects were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk ( N = 111). Consumers perceive that terminating an endorsement contract with a scandalized endorser is more appropriate than maintaining the relationship. This is particularly true when celebrity endorsers are involved in competence-relevant scandals. A further analysis provided support for the idea that perceived “appropriateness” mediates the relationship between competence-relevant scandal and consumer attitude toward an endorsed brand. A termination strategy was considered appropriate when scandalized endorsers engaged in competence-relevant scandals, which eventually lead to more favorable consumer evaluations toward an endorsed brand.

scholarly journals Stepping Forward: Towards a More Systematic NPF with Automation

10.15788/npf3 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura P. Wolton ◽  
◽  
Deserai A Crow ◽  
Tanya Heikkila ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Issue Frames ◽  
Narrative Policy Framework ◽  
The Relationship

Advancements in automated text analysis have substantially increased our capacity to study large volumes of documents systematically in policy process research. The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF)—which promotes empirical analysis of narratives—has the potential to usher policy narrative research along the same path. Using the NPF and existing semi-automated analysis tools, we investigate the relationship between narrative components—namely, characters and proposed solutions—and the more “skeletal” frames that tie policy narrative elements to one another. To illustrate how these tools can advance policy narrative research, we auto-code 5,708 state and local news articles focusing on hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas. The findings suggest that the use and role of characters and policy solutions are portrayed in significantly different ways depending on the frame used. By using an autocoding approach, these findings increase our methodological and theoretical understanding of the relationship between narrative elements and frames in policy narratives. In discussing these findings, we also consider their implications for how issue frames matter theoretically in the NPF.

scholarly journals A Narrative Policy Framework Solution to Understanding Climate Change Framing Research

10.15788/npf9 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Allen Wolters ◽  
◽  
Michael D. Jones ◽  
Kathryn Duvall ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Utilization ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Narrative Policy Framework ◽  
First Time ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

The climate change framing literature is vast. So much so that researchers—whether seasoned framing scholars or those foraying into climate change framing research for the first time—can easily be overwhelmed by the sheer volume of studies, the vast array of concepts deployed, the variation in how these same concepts are operationalized, the nuance of a barely numerable assortment of contexts, and the effects all of the aforementioned have on interpreting findings. Here we offer a synthetic review of said literature, focusing on adaptation and mitigation framing studies and findings. In so doing, we first briefly distill the overall developmental arc of climate change framing research. We then provide a conventionally styled thematic overview of the mitigation and adaptation climate change studies. Among other conclusions, we find that while there has been a proliferation of climate change framing research, the findings and the studies themselves are often quite disparate from one another. Moreover, as the literature speaks to itself intermittently and in an ad hoc fashion, it is not readily apparent how climate change framing studies holistically fit together. As a solution to this problem, we offer the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) as a narrative heuristic to help climate change researchers and communicators organize and understand the literature. We argue that an NPF integration of this inherently unwieldy literature increases the likelihood of research utilization and improves the ability of climate change communicators to inform people about the risks of climate change.

Sea Dyke Rehabilitation and Climate Change in Dutch and Japanese Contexts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Flood Prevention ◽  
International Panel ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between climate change and the need to rehabilitate sea dykes. Sea dykes are a critical component of coastal infrastructure and national flood prevention systems and are increasingly susceptible to a number of failure mechanisms under climate change conditions. This paper will explore case studies of sea dyke rehabilitation and climate change in both the Netherlands and Japan. Both countries have urban areas within close proximity to coastal areas and have constructed sea and river dykes as part of their national flood prevention plans. The International Panel on Climate Change published a report in February 2012 stating that mean global temperatures are going to increase by 1 to 3 degrees Celcius by 2050, which will affect global weather conditions. The characteristics of climate change which most affect sea dykes include the frequency and severity of storms as well as global sea level rise. These trends increase the risk of dyke failure modes such as overtopping, micro instability, and erosion of non-reinforced inner slopes. Techniques for rehabilitation both proven and proposed will be discussed with a particular focus on methods for implementation as well as the policy framework of these projects.

scholarly journals Assessing the User Experience of Video Games: Relationships Between Three Scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492
Author(s):  
William J. Shelstad ◽  
Barbara S. Chaparro ◽  
Joseph R. Keebler
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Online Research ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Strong Competition ◽  
The Relationship

With so many video games being released, there is strong competition among developers to create the most successful games. Questionnaires are one tool that can be used to measure aspects of a video game like perceived flow, presence, engagement, and controls. The current study investigated the relationship between several user experience scales and their subscales: UEQ-S, GUESS-24, and the ENJOY for six popular video games. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and a university online research pool. Scale reliability analysis was conducted to ensure for internal consistency of the scales with Cronbach’s α. The relationships between the scales and subscales were analyzed using Pearson’s product correlations. Overall, the analysis showed a number of significant correlations between the UEQ-S, GUESS-24, and ENJOY. Evidence of uniqueness with each scale was also shown. Recommendations on which scale to use are discussed.

scholarly journals Convenient but biased? The reliability of convenience samples in research about attitudes toward climate change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Goldberg ◽  
Sander van der Linden ◽  
Matthew Thomas Ballew ◽  
Seth A. Rosenthal ◽  
Anthony Leiserowitz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Descriptive Norm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Representative Samples

Ideally, research in the social and behavioral sciences would be conducted using samples that perfectly represent the population of interest. However, it is often not feasible for researchers to collect representative samples, forcing them to rely on convenience samples. While some researchers have found that convenience samples can produce comparable results to population- based samples, others have found evidence of biased results. This suggests that differences in the composition of study samples (e.g., demographic, ideological) can sometimes influence study results, leading to contradictions in the literature. To test this, we conducted four identical experiments across three platforms (Amazon Mechanical Turk, TurkPrime Panels, and Facebook) using two different study designs (mixed factorial and between-subjects). We tested a finding known to be robust: communicating the descriptive norm that most climate scientists are convinced that human-caused climate change is happening leads respondents to update their own beliefs about the issue. The results suggest significant variability in effect sizes depending on the sample source and study design, with effect sizes ranging from near-zero to large. Additionally, we make novel use of rake weighting to adjust for inter-sample differences (demographics, ideology, message familiarity) to determine whether differing results from identical experiments are due to underlying sample differences or to the unreliability of the effects. We discuss the implications these results have for experimental research, especially around politicized issues such as climate change.

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